“Pinhão”, the seed of Araucaria angustifolia, is an important food, being part of the eating habits of Indigenous communities. In this study, we evaluated the oligosaccharide content, resistant starch and the g...“Pinhão”, the seed of Araucaria angustifolia, is an important food, being part of the eating habits of Indigenous communities. In this study, we evaluated the oligosaccharide content, resistant starch and the growth of probiotic bacteria. GF4 (1-fructofuranosylnystose) was the main fructo-oligosaccharides found, in higher contents compared to other food sources. Maltooligosaccharides (MOS) represented the main part of the oligosaccharides profile of Brazilian pine seeds. In descending order of importance was maltoheptaose (G7), maltohexose (G6) and maltotriose (G3). The starches from the variety Sanct josephi presented the highest amount of resistant starch that could stimulate probiotic strains, mainly B. breve and L. plantarum, and may have a prebiotic effect, potentially promoting health benefits. This study advances the understanding of the chemical composition of the main portion of the “pinhão” enhancing awareness of its potential as a healthy food source, contributing to different uses and indirectly with the species preservation.展开更多
Objective To study the central role of ginkgolide B （BN52021） in regulating cardiovascular function of nerve center by examining the effects of ginkgolide B on the electrical activity of rat paraventricular nucleus ...Objective To study the central role of ginkgolide B （BN52021） in regulating cardiovascular function of nerve center by examining the effects of ginkgolide B on the electrical activity of rat paraventricular nucleus （PVN） neurons in hypothalamic slice preparation and to elucidate the mechanism involved. Methods Extracellular single-unit discharge recording technique. Results （1） In response to the application of ginkgolide t3 （0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L; n = 27） into the perfusate for 2 rain, the spontaneous discharge rates （SDR） of 26 （26/27, 96.30%） neurons were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. （2） Pretreatment with L-glutamate （L-Glu, 0.2 mmol/L） led to a marked increase in the SDR of all 8 （100%） neurons in an epileptiform pattern. The increased discharges were suppressed significantly after ginkgolide B （1 μmol/L） was applied into the perfusate for 2 min. （3） In 8 neurons, perfusion of the selective L-type calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644 （0.1 μmol/L）, induced a significant increase in the discharge rates of 8 （8/8, 100%） neurons, while ginkgolide B （1μmol/L） applied into the perfusate, could inhibit the discharges of 8 （100%） neurons. （4） In 8 neurons, the broad potassium channels blocker, tetraethylammonium （TEA, 1 mmol/L） completely blocked the inhibitory effect of ginkgolide B （1 μmol/L）. Conclusion These results suggest that ginkgolide B can inhibit the electrical activity of paraventricular neurons. The inhibitory effect may be related to the blockade of L-type voltage-activated calcium channel and potentially concerned with delayed rectifier potassium channel （KDR）.展开更多
The effects of urinary macromolecul e chondroitin sulfate A(C 4 S)and L-glutamic acid(L-Glu)on the crys-tallization of calcium oxalate were studied using Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)film of dipalmitoylphosphatidylch oline(DP...The effects of urinary macromolecul e chondroitin sulfate A(C 4 S)and L-glutamic acid(L-Glu)on the crys-tallization of calcium oxalate were studied using Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)film of dipalmitoylphosphatidylch oline(DPPC)as templet.All the calcium oxalate c rystals induced by the LB film of DPPC were calcium oxalate monohydrate(COM).However,the morphology of COM was i nfluenced by the additives of C 4 S and L-Glu.C 4 S induced thin and long hexagonal COM c rystals;L-Glu made one or two (010)crystal face of COM crystals dis-appeared.The crystallization time had no effect on the morphology of COM crystals,but the concentration of C 4 S and L-Glu changed it.As increasing the co ncentration of C 4 S,the amount of COM crystals with a hexagonal prism decreased and that with a thin hexago nal slice increased.When the concen tration of C 4 S was 0.50mg ·mL -1 ,all the calcium oxalate crystals were th in hexagonal slice COM crystals.How ever,as the concentration of L-Glu in-creased from 0.01to 0.50mmol·L -1 ,the hexagonal prism-like COM crystals gradually transformed to COM crystals with one or two (010)crystal face disappearance.展开更多
文摘“Pinhão”, the seed of Araucaria angustifolia, is an important food, being part of the eating habits of Indigenous communities. In this study, we evaluated the oligosaccharide content, resistant starch and the growth of probiotic bacteria. GF4 (1-fructofuranosylnystose) was the main fructo-oligosaccharides found, in higher contents compared to other food sources. Maltooligosaccharides (MOS) represented the main part of the oligosaccharides profile of Brazilian pine seeds. In descending order of importance was maltoheptaose (G7), maltohexose (G6) and maltotriose (G3). The starches from the variety Sanct josephi presented the highest amount of resistant starch that could stimulate probiotic strains, mainly B. breve and L. plantarum, and may have a prebiotic effect, potentially promoting health benefits. This study advances the understanding of the chemical composition of the main portion of the “pinhão” enhancing awareness of its potential as a healthy food source, contributing to different uses and indirectly with the species preservation.
文摘Objective To study the central role of ginkgolide B （BN52021） in regulating cardiovascular function of nerve center by examining the effects of ginkgolide B on the electrical activity of rat paraventricular nucleus （PVN） neurons in hypothalamic slice preparation and to elucidate the mechanism involved. Methods Extracellular single-unit discharge recording technique. Results （1） In response to the application of ginkgolide t3 （0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L; n = 27） into the perfusate for 2 rain, the spontaneous discharge rates （SDR） of 26 （26/27, 96.30%） neurons were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. （2） Pretreatment with L-glutamate （L-Glu, 0.2 mmol/L） led to a marked increase in the SDR of all 8 （100%） neurons in an epileptiform pattern. The increased discharges were suppressed significantly after ginkgolide B （1 μmol/L） was applied into the perfusate for 2 min. （3） In 8 neurons, perfusion of the selective L-type calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644 （0.1 μmol/L）, induced a significant increase in the discharge rates of 8 （8/8, 100%） neurons, while ginkgolide B （1μmol/L） applied into the perfusate, could inhibit the discharges of 8 （100%） neurons. （4） In 8 neurons, the broad potassium channels blocker, tetraethylammonium （TEA, 1 mmol/L） completely blocked the inhibitory effect of ginkgolide B （1 μmol/L）. Conclusion These results suggest that ginkgolide B can inhibit the electrical activity of paraventricular neurons. The inhibitory effect may be related to the blockade of L-type voltage-activated calcium channel and potentially concerned with delayed rectifier potassium channel （KDR）.
文摘The effects of urinary macromolecul e chondroitin sulfate A(C 4 S)and L-glutamic acid(L-Glu)on the crys-tallization of calcium oxalate were studied using Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)film of dipalmitoylphosphatidylch oline(DPPC)as templet.All the calcium oxalate c rystals induced by the LB film of DPPC were calcium oxalate monohydrate(COM).However,the morphology of COM was i nfluenced by the additives of C 4 S and L-Glu.C 4 S induced thin and long hexagonal COM c rystals;L-Glu made one or two (010)crystal face of COM crystals dis-appeared.The crystallization time had no effect on the morphology of COM crystals,but the concentration of C 4 S and L-Glu changed it.As increasing the co ncentration of C 4 S,the amount of COM crystals with a hexagonal prism decreased and that with a thin hexago nal slice increased.When the concen tration of C 4 S was 0.50mg ·mL -1 ,all the calcium oxalate crystals were th in hexagonal slice COM crystals.How ever,as the concentration of L-Glu in-creased from 0.01to 0.50mmol·L -1 ,the hexagonal prism-like COM crystals gradually transformed to COM crystals with one or two (010)crystal face disappearance.
