Electrochemical oxidation of rhodamine B by PbO_2/Sb-SnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays electrode

A PbO2/Sb-SnO2/TiO2 nanotube array composite electrode was successfully synthesized and its electrochemical oxidation properties were investigated.Field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that the PbO2 coating was composed of anα-PbO2 inner layer and aβ-PbO2 outer layer.Accelerated life measurement indicated that the composite electrode had a lifetime of 815 h.Rhodamine B(RhB)was employed as a model pollutant to analyze the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode.The effects of initial RhB concentration,current density,initial pH,temperature,and chloride ion concentration on the electrochemical oxidation were investigated in detail.Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES)results suggested that the concentration of leached Pb^2+in the electrolyte during the electrocatalytic oxidation process can be neglected.Finally,the degradation mechanism during the electrocatalytic oxidation process was proposed based on the results of solid-phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS).The high electrocatalytic performance of the composite electrode makes it a promising anode for the treatment of organic pollutants in aqueous solution.

Photo-degradation of Acid-red 3B dye catalyzed by TiO_2 nanotubes

TiO2 nanotube precursor was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of TiO2 powders with NaOH solution and the properties of the nanotube materials were tuned using different post-treatments. Transmission electron microscopic （TEM） observation revealed that the nanotube could be obtained by either a direct rinse with acid solution or rinse with distilled water followed by acid solution. The results of X-ray diffraction （XRD） and inductively coupled plasma （ICP） analysis indicated that the nanotube material was composed of H2Ti2O5·H2O. In addition, the photocatalytic activities of the resulting catalysts were found to be strongly dependent on the post-treatment. The results of the photocatalytic reaction showed that the degradation of Acid-red 3B dye fitted pseudo-zero-order kinetics and TiO2 nanotube prepared under direct rinse with acid solution exhibited a higher catalytic efficiency compared to other catalysts.

Synthesis and photoelectrical performance of nanoscale PbS and Bi2S3 co-sensitized on TiO2 nanotube arrays

TiO2 films have been widely applied in photo- voltaic conversion techniques. TiO2 nanotube arrays （TiO2 NAs） can be grown directly on the surface of metal Ti by the anodic oxidation method. Bi2S3 and PbS nanoparticles （NPs） were firstly co-sensitized on TiOa NAs （denoted as PbS/Bi2S3（n）/TiO2 NAs） by a two-step process containing hydrothermal and sonication-assisted SILAR method. When the concentration of Bi3＋ is 5 mmol/L, the best photoelectrical performance was obtained under simulated solar irradiation. The short-circuit photocurrent （Jsc） and photoconversion efficiency （η） of PbS/Bi2S3（5）/TiO2 NAs electrode were 4.70 mA/cm and 1.13 %, respectively.

PbS量子点敏化B/S/TiO_2复合纳米管的制备及其光催化性能

本文首次以自制的B/S/TiO2粉末颗粒为原料采用水热法制备出了B/S/TiO2纳米管,再使用巯基乙酸为双管能链连接B/S/TiO2纳米管(B/S/TNTs),最终制得一种新型PbS量子点复合的B/S/TiO2纳米管(PbS/B/S/TNTs)材料。使用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计以及X射线光电子能谱仪等对样品晶型、形貌、光谱吸收范围和表面进行了表征。结果表明少量B和S掺杂对TiO2晶型、形貌没有影响,PbS/B/S/TNTs吸收光带边相对于纯TNTs明显红移,提高了样品对太阳光的利用率。在λ>420nm的光照下,使用酸性红3R染料对样品光催化特性进行研究,表明PbS/B/S/TNTs光催化性能明显高于PbS/TNTs。

高效CdS量子点敏化B/S共掺杂纳米TiO_2太阳能电池的制备及光电性能研究

采用水热法制备硼硫(B/S)共掺杂纳米二氧化钛(B-S-TiO_2),并配制成浆料,利用丝网印刷技术在FTO导电玻璃上制备B-S-TiO_2薄膜;用化学浴沉积(CBD)法制备了CdS量子点敏化B-S-TiO_2薄膜电极,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、电子显微镜(TEM)、元素分析能谱(EDS)和紫外–可见光谱对其进行表征分析;结果显示:B/S共掺杂不会改变TiO_2的晶型,掺杂后的TiO_2吸收边带发生明显红移,吸收强度显著增强;同样用化学浴沉积的方法制备Ni S工作电极,用改性的聚硫化物((CH3)4N)2S/((CH3)4N)2Sn)电解液,组装CdS量子点敏化硼硫(B/S)共掺杂纳米二氧化钛(B-S-TiO_2)太阳能电池,并测试电池光电性能。测试结果表明,在AM1.5G的照射下,电池的能量转化效率(η)由3.21%增大到3.69%,提高了14.9%,电池获得高达(Voc)1.218 V的开路电压和3.42 m A/cm2的短路光电流(Jsc),以及高达88.7%的填充因子(ff)。

TiO_2-ZnIn_2S_4复合光催化剂的制备及其对罗丹明B废水的降解

为改善ZnIn_2S_4可见光降解特性,采用水热法制备了复合光催化剂TiO_2-ZnIn_2S_4,对催化剂进行了表征;并研究了其光催化降解染料废水罗丹明B的特性,探讨了催化剂投加量、初始pH等条件对催化剂降解污染物活性的影响,分析了TiO_2-ZnIn_2S_4复合光催化剂与纯ZnIn_2S_4相比催化效率提高可能存在的原因。结果表明,TiO_2与ZnIn_2S_4以一种特殊结构复合在一起,且在可见光照射下具有良好的光催化性能。以氙气灯模拟太阳光,罗丹明B染料废水初始质量浓度15mg/L,TiO_2-ZnIn_2S_4投加量80mg/L条件下反应2h可降解水中97.42%的罗丹明B,与纯ZnIn_2S_4对比降解率增加了6.24%,具有较好的研究价值与开发前景。

Fe、N共掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备及可见光光催化活性

应用电化学阳极氧化法结合浸渍和退火后处理制备了Fe和N共掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列光催化剂,并用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和俄歇电子能谱(AES)仪对其进行了表征.结果表明,Fe、N共掺杂对TiO2纳米管阵列的形貌和结构没有明显影响,Fe和N均掺入了TiO2晶格.紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱显示Fe和N共掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的吸收带边较纯TiO2纳米管阵列和单一掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列红移,可见光吸收增强.以可见光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)考察了材料的光催化活性,Fe和N共掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列对RhB的降解速率较纯TiO2纳米管阵列和单一掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列明显提高,证明了Fe、N共掺杂产生的协同效应提高了TiO2纳米管阵列在可见光照射下的光催化活性.

钛网表面TiO2纳米管表征及光催化性能研究

采用阳极氧化的方法在钛网基体上制备了二氧钛纳米管.利用SEM、XRD、TEM和XPS对试样进行了表征,并对其紫外光光催化性能进行了测试.结果显示,以钛网为载体试样,SEM照片显示出特别的背脊结构.XRD分析表明TiO2纳米管在热处理温度450℃与550℃之间发生了锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变.由XPS拟合分峰后表明,试样表面Ti元素存在方式有TiO2和Ti2O3.经热处理TiO2纳米管降解罗丹明B实验表明,锐钛矿与金红石混合结构较单纯锐钛矿结构光催化效率高,金红石含量存在一个最佳值.

TiO2 nanotube arrays decorated with Au and Bi2S3 nanoparticles for efficient Fe3+ ions detection and dye photocatalytic degradation

Due to increasingly serious environmental problems,many researchers are investigating green cleanenergy to solve the world’s energy supply issues.So the strategy that Au nanoparticles(Au NPs)and bismuth sulfide(Bi2S3)NPs are used to evenly decorate TiO2 nanotube arrays(TiO2 NTAs)was carried out.Composite materials demonstrated enhanced solar light absorption ability and excellent photoelectrochemical performance.This was attributed to the presence of Bi2S3 NPs with a narrow band gap and the decoration with noble metallic Au NPs which resulted in local surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effects.The Au/Bi2S3@TiO2 NTAs composites exhibit improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue(MB)under irradiation of UV and visible light.Moreover,the Au/Bi2S3@TiO2 NTAs exhibits high fluorescence emission at 822 nm.Due to the better binding affinity between Bi2S3,TiO2 and Fe3+ions,the synthesized nanocomposites exhibit high selectivity to Fe3+ions.The number of binding sites for Au/Bi2S3@TiO2 NTAs was estimated to be 1.41 according to the double logarithmic regression method.The calculated value of"K"was 1862 M-1.Fluorescence emission intensity decreases with increasing concentration(30μM–5000μM).The detection limit of the synthesized sensor is 0.221μM.

Pd-MnO_2 nanoparticles/TiO_2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes photo-catalytic properties and their ability of degrading Rhodamine B under visible light

Pd-MnO2/TiO2 nanotube arrays（NTAs） photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO2/TiO2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum（DRS）; photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination（xenon light）. The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant（Rhodamine B） illustrated a superior photocatalytic（PC） efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.

An Energy-Efficient Electrochemical Method for CuO-TiO_2 Nanotube Array Preparation with Visible-Light Responses

A rapid and energy-efficient method was presented for preparing CuO-TiO2 nanotube arrays. TiO2 nanotube arrays were first prepared by anodic oxidation using titanium anode and platinum cathode. Then, the formed TiO2 nanotube arrays and Pt were used as cathode and anode, respectively, for subsequent formation of CuO-TiO2 nanotube arrays, through an electro- chemical process in a solution of 0.1 mol/L CuSO4. The morphology and composition of the CuO-TiO2 nanotube arrays were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and UV-Vis diffusion reflection spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS）. XPS and XRD analyses suggested that the Cu element in the nanotubes existed in CuO form, and its content changed along with the voltage during the second electrochemical process. The photocatalytic activities of the CuO-TiO2 nanotube arrays were evaluated by the degradation of a model dye, rhodamine B. The results showed that Cu incorporation aroused wide visible-light adsorption and improved the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 nanotube arrays significantly under visible-light irradiation. The stability of the CuO-TiO2 nanotube arrays was also detected.

美军联合作战指挥体制及其指挥控制系统

联合作战是与信息化战争相适应的基本作战形式。首先,探讨了联合作战和指挥控制的概念,研究了美军联合作战指挥体制及其指挥控制系统的发展演化。然后,分析了全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)及其公共作战图(COP)和联合作战计划与执行系统(JOPES)2个核心功能系统的需求、功能和部署,并阐述了网络赋能指挥能力(NECC)系统的能力组成与体系结构。最后,总结了美军联合作战指挥控制系统发展的特点。