Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse ...Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease itself.Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of teratogenicity.We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal model.We searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,2023.The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control groups.We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis.Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test.Among the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route(SMD[95%CI]=-2.59[-3.25 to-1.94],P=0.0001,I^(2)=74.4%).The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route(SMD[95%CI]=4.80[1.84 to 7.76],P=0.027,I^(2)=79.6%).Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease.Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types,modifications,transplanted cell numbe rs,and delivery methods for these protocols.展开更多
This study demonstrates that beyond standard model (BSM) cosmic fundamental interactions—weak, strong, and electromagnetic forces—can be unified through a common basis of representation. This unification allows for ...This study demonstrates that beyond standard model (BSM) cosmic fundamental interactions—weak, strong, and electromagnetic forces—can be unified through a common basis of representation. This unification allows for the derivation of the fine structure constant with running points of α(t) ≈ 1/(136.9038) at high energy scales, based on electroweak interactions. Through the application of the Ising model, the running point of the elementary charge e at high energy scales is determined, and Coulomb’s law is actually derived from the Yukawa potential. Theoretically, based on S. Weinberg’s electroweak interaction theory, this study unifies the strong and electromagnetic forces by representing them with rYuka, and further advances the reconstruction of the SU(3)C×SU(1)L×U(1)EMframework on the basis of electroweak interaction concepts. In fact, the cosmic fundamental forces can interchange at the mass gap, defined as the Yukawa turning phase at rYuka ≃1.9404 fm, with the SU(3)Diag structural constant fijk on glueballs calculated, estimating a spectrum mass gap of ∆0 > 0.展开更多
This letter evaluates the article by Gravina et al on ChatGPT’s potential in providing medical information for inflammatory bowel disease patients.While promising,it highlights the need for advanced techniques like r...This letter evaluates the article by Gravina et al on ChatGPT’s potential in providing medical information for inflammatory bowel disease patients.While promising,it highlights the need for advanced techniques like reasoning+action and retrieval-augmented generation to improve accuracy and reliability.Emphasizing that simple question and answer testing is insufficient,it calls for more nuanced evaluation methods to truly gauge large language models’capabilities in clinical applications.展开更多
Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used ...Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used to partially explain this paradox, while introducing new problems. Hereby, we propose a better theory, named Sun Matters Theory, to explain this paradox. Moreover, this unique theory supports and extended the Einstein’s static universe model proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. Further, we proposed our new universe model, “Sun Model of Universe”. Based on the new model and novel theory, we generated innovative field equation by upgrading Einstein’s Field Equation through adding back the cosmological constant, introducing a new variable and modifying the gravitationally-related concepts. According to the Sun Model of Universe, the dark matter and dark energy comprise the so-called “Sun Matters”. The observed phenomenon like the red shift is explained as due to the interaction of ordinary light with Sun Matters leading to its energy and frequency decrease. In Sun Model, our big universe consists of many universes with ordinary matter at the core mixed and surrounded with the Sun Matters. In those universes, the laws of physics may be completely or partially different from that of our ordinary universe with parallel civilizations. The darkness of night can be easily explained as resulting from the interaction of light with the Sun Matters leading to the sharp decrease in the light intensity. Sun Matters also scatter the light from a star, which makes it shining as observed by Hubble. Further, there is a kind of Sun Matters named “Sun Waters”, surrounding every starts. When lights pass by the sun, the Sun Waters deflect the lights to bend the light path. According to the Sun Model, it is the light bent not the space bent that was proposed in the theory of relativities.展开更多
In this article we present a model of Hubble-Lemaître law using the notions of a transmitter (galaxy) and a receiver (MW) coupled to a model of the universe (Slow Bang Model, SB), based on a quantum approach of t...In this article we present a model of Hubble-Lemaître law using the notions of a transmitter (galaxy) and a receiver (MW) coupled to a model of the universe (Slow Bang Model, SB), based on a quantum approach of the evolution of space-time as well as an equation of state that retains all the infinitesimal terms. We find an explanation of the Hubble tension H<sub>0</sub>. Indeed, we have seen that this constant depends on the transceiver pair which can vary from the lowest observable value, from photons of the CMB (theoretical [km/s/Mpc]) to increasingly higher values depending on the earlier origin of the formation of the observed galaxy or cluster (ETG ~0.3 [Gy], ~74 [km/s/Mpc]). We have produced a theoretical table of the values of the constant according to the possible pairs of transmitter/receiver in the case where these galaxies follow the Hubble flow without large disturbance. The calculated theoretical values of the constant are in the order of magnitude of all values mentioned in past studies. Subsequently, we applied the models to 9 galaxies and COMA cluster and found that the models predict acceptable values of their distances and Hubble constant since these galaxies mainly follow the Hubble flow rather than the effects of a galaxy cluster or a group of clusters. In conclusion, we affirm that this Hubble tension does not really exist and it is rather the understanding of the meaning of this constant that is questioned.展开更多
In recent years,China’s property rights trading market has been extremely competitive,but there are also new contradictions and challenges.This paper aims to analyze the external and internal competitive market of th...In recent years,China’s property rights trading market has been extremely competitive,but there are also new contradictions and challenges.This paper aims to analyze the external and internal competitive market of the property rights market through Porter’s five forces competition model,then find out the problems and defects in the development,thereby promoting the better development and progress of China’s property rights trading market.展开更多
Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and disease.Protein acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivo...Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and disease.Protein acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivotal to basic cellular processes.Close to 80%-90%of proteins are acetylated during translation,which is an irreversible process that affects protein structure,function,life,and localization.In this review,we have discussed the various N-acetyltransferases present in humans,their function,and how they might play a role in diseases.Furthermore,we have focused on N-acetyltransferase 9 and its role in microtubule stability.We have shed light on how N-acetyltransferase 9 and acetylation of proteins can potentially play a role in neurodegenerative diseases.We have specifically discussed the N-acetyltransferase 9-acetylation independent function and regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and microtubule stability during development and neurodegeneration.展开更多
By substituting rock skeleton modulus expressions into Gassmann approximate fluid equation, we obtain a seismic porosity inversion equation. However, conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions are quite d...By substituting rock skeleton modulus expressions into Gassmann approximate fluid equation, we obtain a seismic porosity inversion equation. However, conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions are quite different from each other, resuling in different seismic porosity inversion equations, potentially leading to difficulties in correctly applying them and evaluating their results. In response to this, a uniform relation with two adjusting parameters suitable for all rock skeleton models is established from an analysis and comparison of various conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions including the Eshelby-Walsh, Pride, Geertsma, Nur, Keys-Xu, and Krief models. By giving the two adjusting parameters specific values, different rock skeleton models with specific physical characteristics can be generated. This allows us to select the most appropriate rock skeleton model based on geological and geophysical conditions, and to develop more wise seismic porosity inversion. As an example of using this method for hydrocarbon prediction and fluid identification, we apply this improved porosity inversion, associated with rock physical data and well log data, to the ZJ basin. Research shows that the existence of an abundant hydrocarbon reservoir is dependent on a moderate porosity range, which means we can use the results of seismic porosity inversion to identify oil reservoirs and dry or water-saturated reservoirs. The seismic inversion results are closely correspond to well log porosity curves in the ZJ area, indicating that the uniform relations and inversion methods proposed in this paper are reliable and effective.展开更多
文摘Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease itself.Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of teratogenicity.We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal model.We searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,2023.The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control groups.We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis.Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test.Among the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route(SMD[95%CI]=-2.59[-3.25 to-1.94],P=0.0001,I^(2)=74.4%).The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route(SMD[95%CI]=4.80[1.84 to 7.76],P=0.027,I^(2)=79.6%).Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease.Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types,modifications,transplanted cell numbe rs,and delivery methods for these protocols.
文摘This study demonstrates that beyond standard model (BSM) cosmic fundamental interactions—weak, strong, and electromagnetic forces—can be unified through a common basis of representation. This unification allows for the derivation of the fine structure constant with running points of α(t) ≈ 1/(136.9038) at high energy scales, based on electroweak interactions. Through the application of the Ising model, the running point of the elementary charge e at high energy scales is determined, and Coulomb’s law is actually derived from the Yukawa potential. Theoretically, based on S. Weinberg’s electroweak interaction theory, this study unifies the strong and electromagnetic forces by representing them with rYuka, and further advances the reconstruction of the SU(3)C×SU(1)L×U(1)EMframework on the basis of electroweak interaction concepts. In fact, the cosmic fundamental forces can interchange at the mass gap, defined as the Yukawa turning phase at rYuka ≃1.9404 fm, with the SU(3)Diag structural constant fijk on glueballs calculated, estimating a spectrum mass gap of ∆0 > 0.
文摘This letter evaluates the article by Gravina et al on ChatGPT’s potential in providing medical information for inflammatory bowel disease patients.While promising,it highlights the need for advanced techniques like reasoning+action and retrieval-augmented generation to improve accuracy and reliability.Emphasizing that simple question and answer testing is insufficient,it calls for more nuanced evaluation methods to truly gauge large language models’capabilities in clinical applications.
文摘Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used to partially explain this paradox, while introducing new problems. Hereby, we propose a better theory, named Sun Matters Theory, to explain this paradox. Moreover, this unique theory supports and extended the Einstein’s static universe model proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. Further, we proposed our new universe model, “Sun Model of Universe”. Based on the new model and novel theory, we generated innovative field equation by upgrading Einstein’s Field Equation through adding back the cosmological constant, introducing a new variable and modifying the gravitationally-related concepts. According to the Sun Model of Universe, the dark matter and dark energy comprise the so-called “Sun Matters”. The observed phenomenon like the red shift is explained as due to the interaction of ordinary light with Sun Matters leading to its energy and frequency decrease. In Sun Model, our big universe consists of many universes with ordinary matter at the core mixed and surrounded with the Sun Matters. In those universes, the laws of physics may be completely or partially different from that of our ordinary universe with parallel civilizations. The darkness of night can be easily explained as resulting from the interaction of light with the Sun Matters leading to the sharp decrease in the light intensity. Sun Matters also scatter the light from a star, which makes it shining as observed by Hubble. Further, there is a kind of Sun Matters named “Sun Waters”, surrounding every starts. When lights pass by the sun, the Sun Waters deflect the lights to bend the light path. According to the Sun Model, it is the light bent not the space bent that was proposed in the theory of relativities.
文摘In this article we present a model of Hubble-Lemaître law using the notions of a transmitter (galaxy) and a receiver (MW) coupled to a model of the universe (Slow Bang Model, SB), based on a quantum approach of the evolution of space-time as well as an equation of state that retains all the infinitesimal terms. We find an explanation of the Hubble tension H<sub>0</sub>. Indeed, we have seen that this constant depends on the transceiver pair which can vary from the lowest observable value, from photons of the CMB (theoretical [km/s/Mpc]) to increasingly higher values depending on the earlier origin of the formation of the observed galaxy or cluster (ETG ~0.3 [Gy], ~74 [km/s/Mpc]). We have produced a theoretical table of the values of the constant according to the possible pairs of transmitter/receiver in the case where these galaxies follow the Hubble flow without large disturbance. The calculated theoretical values of the constant are in the order of magnitude of all values mentioned in past studies. Subsequently, we applied the models to 9 galaxies and COMA cluster and found that the models predict acceptable values of their distances and Hubble constant since these galaxies mainly follow the Hubble flow rather than the effects of a galaxy cluster or a group of clusters. In conclusion, we affirm that this Hubble tension does not really exist and it is rather the understanding of the meaning of this constant that is questioned.
文摘In recent years,China’s property rights trading market has been extremely competitive,but there are also new contradictions and challenges.This paper aims to analyze the external and internal competitive market of the property rights market through Porter’s five forces competition model,then find out the problems and defects in the development,thereby promoting the better development and progress of China’s property rights trading market.
基金supported by 1RO1EY032959-01 and RO1 supplement from NIH,Schuellein Chair Endowment Fund and STEM Catalyst Grant from the University of Dayton(to AS).
文摘Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and disease.Protein acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivotal to basic cellular processes.Close to 80%-90%of proteins are acetylated during translation,which is an irreversible process that affects protein structure,function,life,and localization.In this review,we have discussed the various N-acetyltransferases present in humans,their function,and how they might play a role in diseases.Furthermore,we have focused on N-acetyltransferase 9 and its role in microtubule stability.We have shed light on how N-acetyltransferase 9 and acetylation of proteins can potentially play a role in neurodegenerative diseases.We have specifically discussed the N-acetyltransferase 9-acetylation independent function and regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and microtubule stability during development and neurodegeneration.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41174114)Important National Science and Technology Specific Projects(Grant No.2011ZX05025-005-010)
文摘By substituting rock skeleton modulus expressions into Gassmann approximate fluid equation, we obtain a seismic porosity inversion equation. However, conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions are quite different from each other, resuling in different seismic porosity inversion equations, potentially leading to difficulties in correctly applying them and evaluating their results. In response to this, a uniform relation with two adjusting parameters suitable for all rock skeleton models is established from an analysis and comparison of various conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions including the Eshelby-Walsh, Pride, Geertsma, Nur, Keys-Xu, and Krief models. By giving the two adjusting parameters specific values, different rock skeleton models with specific physical characteristics can be generated. This allows us to select the most appropriate rock skeleton model based on geological and geophysical conditions, and to develop more wise seismic porosity inversion. As an example of using this method for hydrocarbon prediction and fluid identification, we apply this improved porosity inversion, associated with rock physical data and well log data, to the ZJ basin. Research shows that the existence of an abundant hydrocarbon reservoir is dependent on a moderate porosity range, which means we can use the results of seismic porosity inversion to identify oil reservoirs and dry or water-saturated reservoirs. The seismic inversion results are closely correspond to well log porosity curves in the ZJ area, indicating that the uniform relations and inversion methods proposed in this paper are reliable and effective.
