BACKGROUND Ameloblastomas are common benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasms that present an aggressive and unpredictable behavior that may modify treatment strategies.Different signaling pathways that participate in ...BACKGROUND Ameloblastomas are common benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasms that present an aggressive and unpredictable behavior that may modify treatment strategies.Different signaling pathways that participate in the progression of these tumors have been identified.B-raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase(BRAF)is a protein involved in the behavior of ameloblastomas,and it is related to many cell mechanisms.BRAF gene mutations have been identified in ameloblastomas,of which the BRAF V600E(valine substituted by glutamic acid at amino acid 600)mutation has been the most common and can be present concomitantly with other mutations that may be involved in its behavior.Targeted therapies have been used as an alternative in the case of resistance or contraindications to conventional treatments.AIM To document the presence of BRAF V600E and additional mutations,their behavior,and targeted therapies in these tumors.METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane,EMBASE,and SpringerLink using the terms“ameloblastomas”,“BRAF V600E”,“additional mutations”,and“targeted therapies”.Ameloblastomas were classified according to WHO guidelines.Inclusion criteria were articles in English,published not more than 10 years ago,and studies with laboratory works related to BRAF V600E.Articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers and retrieved for full-text evaluation.The EBLIP Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the eligible studies.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS Two independent reviewers,with a substantial concordance indicated by a kappa coefficient of k=0.76,evaluated a total of 19 articles that were included in this study.The analysis registered 521 conventional ameloblastomas(AM),81 unicystic ameloblastomas(UA),13 ameloblastic carcinomas(AC),three metastatic ameloblastomas(MA),and six peripheral ameloblastomas(PA),of which the histopathological type,anatomic location,laboratory tests,expression of BRAF mutation,and additional mutations were registered.The BRAF V600E mutation was found in 297 AM(57%),63 UA(77.7%),3 AC(23%),1 MA(50%),and 5 PA(83.3%).Follicular type predominated with a total of 116 cases(40%),followed by plexiform type with 63 cases(22.1%).Furthermore,both types presented additional mutations,in which alterations in JAK3 P132T,SMARCB1,PIK3CA,CTNNB1,SMO,and BRAF G606E genes were found.Four case reports were found with targeted therapy to BRAF V600E.CONCLUSION The identification of BRAF V600E and additional mutations as an aid in targeted therapies has been a breakthrough in alternative treatments of ameloblastomas where surgical treatments are contraindicated.展开更多
胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤（Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas,IPMNs）是胰腺癌最重要及最常见的癌前病变之一,约占临床诊断胰腺肿瘤的7%,占偶然发现的胰腺囊肿的50%[1,2]。IPMN分型包括伴轻度不典型增生、I...胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤（Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas,IPMNs）是胰腺癌最重要及最常见的癌前病变之一,约占临床诊断胰腺肿瘤的7%,占偶然发现的胰腺囊肿的50%[1,2]。IPMN分型包括伴轻度不典型增生、IPMN伴中度不典型增生、IPMN伴重度不典型增生及IPMN相关浸润性;展开更多
文摘目的明确癌基因B-RafV600E在Mps1和B-RafWT/MEK/ERK通路之间自动调节的负反馈回路中抵抗作用的具体机制。方法 (1)Sbcl2转染B-RafWT和Mps1-KD,Western blot方法检测p-ERK水平;(2)向B-Raf野生型SK-MEL31、Sbcl2、WM35细胞及V600E突变型SK-MEL28、A375细胞中过表达Mps1,Western blot方法检测p-ERK水平;(3)在SK-MEL31、Sbcl2、WM35细胞中敲低AKT,转染Mps1,Western blot方法检测p-ERK水平;(4)在SK-MEL31、Sbcl2、WM35细胞中敲低内源性B-Raf,过表达外源性RafV600E,Western blot方法检测p-AKT水平;敲低SK-MEL-28、A375细胞中RafV600E,Western blot方法检测p-A K T水平。结果 (1)M p s 1激酶和B-RafWT/MEK/ERK通路之间的自动负反馈通路不依赖Mps1激酶的活性;(2)在野生型SK-MEL31、Sbcl2、WM35细胞中外源性Mps1的表达可诱导AKT磷酸化,抑制ERK活性;V600E突变型SK-MEL28、A375细胞中外源性Mps1的表达不能诱导AKT磷酸化,亦不影响ERK活性。(3)敲低野生型黑色素瘤细胞中的AKT后,Mps1和B-RafWT/MEK/ERK之间的负反馈作用消失。(4)癌基因B-RafV600E通过抑制AKT的磷酸化,进而抵抗Mps1激酶与B-Raf/MEK/ERK通路之间的负反馈调节作用。结论 Mps1和B-RafWT/MEK/ERK通路之间的自动负反馈通路不依赖Mps1激酶的活性,且癌基因B-RafV600E对B-Raf/MEK/ERK/Mps1负反馈通路的抵抗作用是通过抑制AKT的磷酸化实现的。
文摘BACKGROUND Ameloblastomas are common benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasms that present an aggressive and unpredictable behavior that may modify treatment strategies.Different signaling pathways that participate in the progression of these tumors have been identified.B-raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase(BRAF)is a protein involved in the behavior of ameloblastomas,and it is related to many cell mechanisms.BRAF gene mutations have been identified in ameloblastomas,of which the BRAF V600E(valine substituted by glutamic acid at amino acid 600)mutation has been the most common and can be present concomitantly with other mutations that may be involved in its behavior.Targeted therapies have been used as an alternative in the case of resistance or contraindications to conventional treatments.AIM To document the presence of BRAF V600E and additional mutations,their behavior,and targeted therapies in these tumors.METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane,EMBASE,and SpringerLink using the terms“ameloblastomas”,“BRAF V600E”,“additional mutations”,and“targeted therapies”.Ameloblastomas were classified according to WHO guidelines.Inclusion criteria were articles in English,published not more than 10 years ago,and studies with laboratory works related to BRAF V600E.Articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers and retrieved for full-text evaluation.The EBLIP Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the eligible studies.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS Two independent reviewers,with a substantial concordance indicated by a kappa coefficient of k=0.76,evaluated a total of 19 articles that were included in this study.The analysis registered 521 conventional ameloblastomas(AM),81 unicystic ameloblastomas(UA),13 ameloblastic carcinomas(AC),three metastatic ameloblastomas(MA),and six peripheral ameloblastomas(PA),of which the histopathological type,anatomic location,laboratory tests,expression of BRAF mutation,and additional mutations were registered.The BRAF V600E mutation was found in 297 AM(57%),63 UA(77.7%),3 AC(23%),1 MA(50%),and 5 PA(83.3%).Follicular type predominated with a total of 116 cases(40%),followed by plexiform type with 63 cases(22.1%).Furthermore,both types presented additional mutations,in which alterations in JAK3 P132T,SMARCB1,PIK3CA,CTNNB1,SMO,and BRAF G606E genes were found.Four case reports were found with targeted therapy to BRAF V600E.CONCLUSION The identification of BRAF V600E and additional mutations as an aid in targeted therapies has been a breakthrough in alternative treatments of ameloblastomas where surgical treatments are contraindicated.
文摘胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤（Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas,IPMNs）是胰腺癌最重要及最常见的癌前病变之一,约占临床诊断胰腺肿瘤的7%,占偶然发现的胰腺囊肿的50%[1,2]。IPMN分型包括伴轻度不典型增生、IPMN伴中度不典型增生、IPMN伴重度不典型增生及IPMN相关浸润性;
