碳笼负载镍基磁性催化剂Ni@Cage-C的制备与性能研究

以自然结晶法制备的ZIF-67为前驱体,采用包裹-刻蚀-碳化策略,得到大小均匀的纳米碳笼(Cage-C),再于液相条件下以碳笼为载体负载上活性金属镍(Ni),成功制备了非贵金属磁性催化剂Ni@Cage-C,并应用于对硝基苯酚催化还原反应以考察其多相催化性能。结果表明:优化条件下制备的Ni@Cage-C催化剂为碳笼包裹单质镍结构,其平均颗粒大小为550 nm;将Ni@Cage-C用于对硝基苯酚催化还原反应时,催化性能明显优于参照催化剂雷尼镍(Raney-Ni)。质量反应速率常数kM为6.11 mg^(-1)·min^(-1),催化效率达到98.87%,循环反应十圈后活性仍高于初始活性的85%。

基于MRI椎体和终板骨质量评分对经椎间孔椎间融合术后cage沉降的预测价值

目的探讨基于MRI的椎体骨质量评分(vertebral bone quality score,VBQ)和终板骨质量评分(endplate bone quality score,EBQ)在经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)术后cage沉降中的预测价值。方法因腰椎退行性疾病在我院行TLIF手术的226例患者,根据术后有无cage沉降将患者分为沉降组和非沉降组,比较两组患者VBQ和EBQ评分。通过多元回归分析cage沉降的危险因素,并根据受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)评估VBQ和EBQ预测TLIF术后cage沉降的能力。结果226例患者中30例出现术后cage沉降。沉降组VBQ(3.8±0.4)分,EBQ(5.1±0.7)分,明显高于非沉降组(3.1±0.6)分和(4.2±1.0)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多元回归分析显示VBQ(OR=4.258,95%CI:1.983~9.142,P<0.001)和EBQ(OR=1.971,95%CI:1.212~3.203,P=0.006)评分越高,发生cage沉降风险也越大。受试者工作特征曲线结果显示VBQ的AUC为0.843,EBQ的AUC是0.864。VBQ和EBQ预测cage沉降的最佳阈值分别为3.480(敏感性90%;特异性75.5%)和4.620(敏感性96.7%;特异性74.5%)。结论术前VBQ或EBQ评分越高,TLIF术后发生cage沉降风险越大。其中EBQ可能是一个更好的预测融合术后cage沉降的指标。

后路寰枢椎侧块关节cage植骨融合内固定术治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位疗效初探

目的:探讨后路寰枢椎侧块关节cage植骨融合内固定术治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效,并与经口咽松解后路复位固定融合术进行疗效对比。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月~2022年8月我科采用后路寰枢椎侧块关节cage植骨融合内固定术(23例,cage组)与经口咽松解后路复位固定融合术(25例,对照组)治疗的难复性寰枢椎脱位患者的临床资料,cage组男8例,女15例,年龄9~79岁(48.35±14.38岁);对照组男6例,女19例,年龄21~69岁(47.84±13.51岁)。记录两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及并发症情况,术前、术后及末次随访时使用JOA评分评估患者神经功能状态,测量术前、术后及末次随访时的寰齿间距(atlantodental interval,ADI)、齿状突顶点距离Chamberlain线的垂直距离(vertical distance from odon to idprocess to Chamberlain′s line,DOCL)、延髓颈髓角(cervicomedullary angle,CMA)、斜坡枢椎角(clivus-axial angle,CAA),评估寰枢椎复位情况。评估侧块关节cage及后方植骨融合情况。结果:所有患者内固定位置良好,减压充分复位满意,症状均明显缓解,未出现椎动脉损伤和脊髓损伤加重。cage组手术时间133.04±34.04min、术中出血量119.13±54.77mL、住院时间14.74±6.10d,均明显短于或少于对照组(253.20±53.98min、181.20±45.40mL、23.96±5.47d)。cage组术前JOA、ADI、DOCL、CMA、CAA分别为6.33±1.13分、7.31±3.05mm、9.47±3.32mm、122.89°±12.58°、122.02°±12.50°,术后分别为13.04±2.17分、2.18±0.67mm、0.89±1.00mm、148.81°±5.43°、146.70°±9.32°,末次随访时分别为14.89±1.17分、2.09±0.69mm、0.83±0.86mm、149.10°±5.11°、146.89°±8.95°;对照组术前JOA、ADI、DOCL、CMA、CAA分别为6.76±1.21分、7.70±0.97mm、10.56±1.99mm、121.53°±4.87°、123.77°±8.95°,术后分别为13.26±1.32分、1.89±0.50mm、1.13±1.08mm、151.40°±6.15°、149.86°±5.58°,末次随访时分别为15.02±0.88分、1.87±0.44mm、0.87±1.39mm、149.48°±4.06°、149.94°±6.61°,两组术后及末次随访JOA、ADI、DOCL、CMA及CAA均较术前明显改善(P<0.05),术后JOA评分与末次随访相比存在统计学差异(P<0.05),但ADI、DOCL、CMA及CAA无统计学差异(P>0.05)。cage组仅1例切口感染;对照组3例切口感染(口咽2例,后路1例),1例脑脊液漏。两组随访期间内固定在位稳定,末次随访植骨均达到骨性融合,cage组关节间隙高度无丢失。结论:难复性寰枢椎脱位采用后路寰枢椎侧块关节cage植骨融合内固定术与经口咽松解后路复位固定融合术相比疗效相当,但增加了植骨融合位点,能更有效融合,避免了经口手术,减少了手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及并发症的发生。

Selective photosynthesis of Z-olefins through crystalline metal-organic cage-initiated expeditious cascade reactions

The semi-hydrogenation of alkyne to form Z-olefins with high conversion and high selectivity is still a huge challenge in the chemical industry.Moreover,flammable and explosive hydrogen as the common hydrogen source of this reaction increases the cost and danger of industrial production.Herein,we connect the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and the semihydrogenation reaction of alkynes in series and successfully realize the high selective production of Z-alkenes using low-cost,safe,and green water as the proton source.Before the cascade reaction,a series of isomorphic metal–organic cage catalysts(Co_(x)Zn_(8−x)L_(6),x=0,3,4,5,and 8)are designed and synthesized to improve the yield of the photocatalytic hydrogen production.Among them,Co_(5)Zn_(3)L_(6) shows the highest photocatalytic activity,with a H_(2) generation rate of 8.81 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1).Then,Co_(5)Zn_(3)L_(6) is further applied in the above tandem reaction to efficiently reduce alkynes to Z-alkenes under ambient conditions,which can reach high conversion of>98%and high selectivity of>99%,and maintain original catalytic activity after multiple cycles.This“one-pot”tandem reaction can achieve a highly selective and safe stepwise conversion from water into hydrogen into Z-olefins under mild reaction conditions.

Metal-organic cage as fluorescent probe for LiPF_(6)in lithium batteries

Lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF_(6)),the most commonly used lithium battery electrolyte salt,is vulnerable to heat and humidity.Quantitative and qualitative determination the variation of LiPF_(6)have always relied on advanced equipment.Herein,we develop a fast,convenient,high-selective fluorescence detection method based on metal-organic cages(MOC),whose emission is enhanced by nearly 20 times in the presence of LiPF_(6)with good stability and photobleaching resistance.The fluorescent probe can also detect moisture in battery electrolyte.We propose and verify that the luminescence enhancement is due to the presence of hydrogen bond-induced enhanced emission effect in cages.Fluorescent excitation-emission matrix spectra and variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are employed to clarify the role of hydrogen bonds in guest-loaded cages.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation is applied to simulate the structure of host-guest complexes and estimate the adsorption energy involved in the system.The precisely matched lock-and-key model paves a new way for designing and fabricating novel host structures,enabling specific recognition of other target compounds.

The clip cage conundrum: Assessing the interplay of confinement method and aphid genotype in fitness studies

Behavior and fitness are important ecological traits frequently measured in insect bioassays.A common method to measure them in soft-bodied herbivorous insects involves confining individuals to plant leaves using clip cages.Although studies have pre-viously highlighted the negative effects of clip cages on leaf physiology,little is known about the impact that using this confinement method has on insect fitness.The responses of different aphid genotypes/clones to different containment methods have not previously been investigated.Here we measured key fitness traits(intrinsic rate of natural increase,mean relative growth rate,time to reach reproductive adulthood and population doubling time)in the potato aphid,Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas(Hemiptera:Aphididae),when confined to plants using two methods:(1)clip cages to confine aphids to individual strawberry leaves and(2)a mesh bag to confine aphids to whole strawberry plants.Our study identified a strong negative impact on all the measured aphid fitness traits when using clip cages instead of mesh bags.We also identified genotype-specific differences in response to confinement method,where clip cage confinement differentially affected the fitness of a given aphid genotype compared to the same genotype on whole plants.These results suggest that clip cage use should be carefully considered when experiments seek to quantify insect fitness and that whole plants should be used wherever possible.Given the prevalence of clip cage use in insect bioassays,our results highlight the need for cau-tion when interpreting the existing literature as confinement method significantly impacts aphid fitness depending on their genotype.

Harmonics in the Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Analytic Calculation Part III: Influence on the Torque-speed Characteristic

The harmonics that appear in the squirrel cage asynchronous machine have been discussed in great detail in the literature for a long time. However, the systematization of the phenomenon is still pending, so we made an attempt to fill this gap in the previous parts of our study by elaborating formulas for calculation of parasitic torques. It was a general demand among those who work in this field towards the author to verify his formulas with measurements. In the literature, it seems,only one detailed, purposeful series of measurements has been published so far, the purpose of which was to investigate the effect of the number of rotor slots on the torque-speed characteristic curve of the machine. The main goal of this study is to verify the correctness of the formulas by comparing them with the referred series of measurements. Relying on this, the expected synchronous parasitic torques were developed for the frequently used rotor slot numbers-as a design guide for the engineer.Thus, together with our complete table for radial magnetic pull published in our previous work, the designer has all the principles, data and formulas available for the right number of rotor slots for his given machine and for the drive system. This brings this series of papers to an end.

Research of caged dynamics of clusters center atoms in Pd_(82)Si_(18) amorphous alloy

To date,there is still a lack of a comprehensive explanation for caged dynamics which is regarded as one of the intricate dynamic behaviors in amorphous alloys.This study focuses on Pd_(82)Si_(18)as the research object to further elucidate the underlying mechanism of caged dynamics from multiple perspectives,including the cage's lifetime,atomic local environment,and atomic potential energy.The results reveal that Si atoms exhibit a pronounced cage effect due to the hindrance of Pd atoms,resulting in an anomalous peak in the non-Gaussian parameters.An in-depth investigation was conducted on the caged dynamics differences between fast and slow Si atoms.In comparison to fast Si atoms,slow Si atoms were surrounded by more Pd atoms and occupied lower potential energy states,resulting in smaller diffusion displacements for the slow Si atoms.Concurrently,slow Si atoms tend to be in the centers of smaller clusters with coordination numbers of 9 and 10.During the isothermal relaxation process,clusters with coordination numbers 9 and 10 have longer lifetimes,suggesting that the escape of slow Si atoms from their cages is more challenging.The findings mentioned above hold significant implications for understanding the caged dynamics.

终板体积骨密度在侧方入路腰椎椎体间融合术后Cage沉降的预测价值

目的探讨终板体积骨密度(endplate volumetric bone mineral density,EP-vBMD)对侧方入路腰椎融合(lateral lumbar interbody fusion,LLIF)术后Cage沉降的影响。方法选择2018年1月~2020年12月在本院接受LLIF手术治疗的151例患者进行回顾性分析,收集患者EP-vBMD、椎体体积骨密度(vertebral body volumetric bone mineral density,VB-vBMD)、年龄、性别、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、医学共病(糖尿病等)、吸烟、美国麻醉医师协会(american society of anesthesiologists,ASA)评分、查尔森共病指数(charlson comorbidity index,CCI)、手术节段、手术椎体和是否使用后路螺钉固定等资料。根据术后1年患者是否发生Cage沉降,将患者分为Cage沉降组和非沉降组,比较两组患者临床资料差异,将单因素分析P<0.2的变量进一步采用多因素Logsitic回归分析,观察EP-vBMD对终板沉陷的影响。结果Cage沉降患者的VB-vBMD和EP-vBMD水平均低于非Cage沉降患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cage沉降组患者年龄高于非Cage沉降组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Cage沉降组和非Cage沉降组患者性别、吸烟、糖尿病、后路螺钉固定等资料差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,EP-vBMD和应用后路螺钉固定均是Cage沉降的保护性因素(P<0.05)。结论低EP-vBMD是LLIF术后Cage沉降的风险因素,对患者进行LLIF时,应考虑术前EP-vBMD的测量。

Experimental characterization of guest molecular occupancy in clathrate hydrate cages: A review

Study on the microscopic structure of clathrate hydrate has made significant progress in the past decades.This review aims to summarize the state of the art of the experimental characterization of guest molecular occupancy in clathrate hydrate cages,which is an important area of the microscopic structures.The characterizing method and features of different guest molecular,such as hydrocarbon,carbon dioxide,hydrogen and inhibitor/promoter,in different hydrate cages have been extensively reviewed.A comprehensive use of advanced technologies such as X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance may provide better understanding on the compositions and microscopic mechanisms of clathrate hydrate.

Environmental Parameters of Broiler House with Three overlap Cages in Winter and Autumn

[Objective]The study was to monitor the indoor environmental parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. [Method] In the process of feeding,the same broiler house in the same farm was chosen to determine indoor ambient temperature,humidity and air quality at 3-6 weeks age of broilers in different seasons. The measure points were distributed in four different positions in the house. [Result] There was no significant difference in ambient temperature between autumn and winter( P > 0. 05). The ambient temperature in the house in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The humidity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter( P < 0. 05). The temperature and humidity in two seasons could meet the requirements of broiler growth. There was no significant difference( P > 0. 05) in ammonia concentration between autumn and winter,while ammonia concentration in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The carbon dioxide concentration of broiler house in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn( P < 0. 05).The total number of airborne bacteria in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn( P < 0. 05). [Conclusion]The indoor temperature kept constant in autumn and winter seasons in closed poultry house. In winter,the humidity was reduced,the carbon dioxide concentration was increased,and the total number of bacteria in the air was increased. The ventilation in winter should be increased in case of heat preservation.

Applicability of Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube for Fish Waste Removal from Fish Cages in Sanggou Bay,P.R.China

The present study investigated the applicability of integrated polychaete-fish culture for fish waste removal to offset negative impact induced by organic benthic enrichment.A field study demonstrated that deposition rate was significantly higher underneath the fish farm than that in control area.The material settling under the farm was characterized by a high amount of fish feces(45%) and uneaten feed(27%).Both feeding rate(FR) and apparent digestibility rate(ADR) increased with decreasing body weight,as was indicated by significantly a higher rate observed for the groups containing smaller individuals in a lab study.The nutrient in fresh deposited material(De) was higher than that in sediments collected under the farm(Se),resulting in lower feces production but higher apparent digestibility rate for the De group as feeding rate was similar.Consequently,higher nutrient removal efficiency was observed in the De group.A mass balance approach indicated that approximately 400–500 individuals m^(-2) is required for removing all waste materials deposited underneath the fish farm,whereas abundance can be lower(about 300–350 individuals m^(-2)) when only the fish waste needs to be removed.The results showed that a significant amount of waste had been accumulated in the fish cages in Sanggou Bay.The integration of fish with P.aibuhitensis seems promising for preventing organic pollution in the sediment and therefore is an effective strategy for mitigating negative effect of fish farms.Thus such integration can become a new IMTA(integrated multi-trophic aquaculture) model in Sanggou Bay.

Dynamic Stability Analysis of Cages in High-Speed Oil-Lubricated Angular Contact Ball Bearings

To investigate the cage stability of high-speed oil-lubricated angular contact ball bearings, a dynamic model of cages is developed on the basis of Gupta’s and Meeks’ work. The model can simulate the cage motion under oil lubrication with all six degrees of freedom. Particularly, the model introduces oil-film damping and hysteresis damping, and deals with the collision contact as imperfect elastic contact. In addition, the effects of inner ring rotational speed, the ratio of pocket clearance to guiding clearance and applied load on the cage stability are investigated by simulating the cage motion with the model. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of ball bearing parameters.

Comparative Study of Two Approaches to Model the Offshore Fish Cages

The goal of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of two commonly used approaches to discretize offshore fish cages： the lumped-mass approach and the finite element technique. Two case studies are chosen to compare predictions of the LMA（lumped-mass approach） and FEA（finite element analysis） based numerical modeling techniques. In both case studies, we consider several loading conditions consisting of different uniform currents and monochromatic waves. We investigate motion of the cage, its deformation, and the resultant tension in the mooring lines. Both model predictions are sufficient close to the experimental data, but for the first experiment, the DUT-Flex Sim predictions are slightly more accurate than the ones provided by Aqua-FETM. According to the comparisons, both models can be successfully utilized to the design and analysis of the offshore fish cages provided that an appropriate safety factor is chosen.

The Surface Reactivity and Electronic Properties of Small Hydrogenation Fullerene Cages

Density functional theory calculations within the G03W package, with B3LYP exchange functional and applying basis set 6 - 31 G (d,p) are performed. The surface reactivity and electronic properties of endo-hydrogenation and exo-hydrogenation fullerene cages are studied. It is found that the surface reactivity of mono-hydrogenation fullerene cages is larger than the surface reactivity of un-hydrogenation fullerene cages and the later is larger than the fully hydrogenation fullerene cages. In addition, the calculations show that the endo-hydrogenation fullerene cages possess the same band gaps as the un-hydrogenation fullerene cages, however, the exo-hydrogenation is reduced the band gaps of the un-hydrogenated fullerene cages form ~7 eV to ~5 eV.

B-Twin cage治疗腰椎间盘突出伴椎间不稳

目的：探讨采用B-Twin cage治疗腰椎间盘突出伴椎间不稳症的疗效。方法采用B-Twin cage治疗43例腰椎间盘突出患者，采用JOA下腰痛评分标准评价疗效。结果手术时间85～130 min，术中出血量95～225 ml。43例均获得随访，时间13～30个月。术后无感染、神经损伤、植入cage松动脱出等并发症。术后JOA下腰痛评分：优33例，良5例，可5例，优良率88.4％。结论应用B-Twin cage治疗腰椎间盘突出伴椎间不稳，创伤小，植骨融合率高，安全性可靠，是一种较好的方法。

Four Levels Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion by Stand Alone PEEK Cages

Background: cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a common health problem that neurosurgeons face in Egypt. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of PEEK cage only in 4 levels anterior cervical discectomy as one of surgical option other than anterior cervical corpectomy, fixation by plat or posterior approach for cervical laminectomy, and assessment of post spinal surgery pain. Methods: this prospective study on 28 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) over a period of 3 years (between April 2012 and April 2015) with mean period of follow up 30 months. We have done anterior cervical discectomy with fixation by cage only for all cases with perioperative assessment and scoring clinically and radiologically (Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] scores, Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] scores for assessment of neck and arm pain, perioperative parameters (hospital stay, blood loss, operative time), the European Myelopathy Scoring (EMS) and Odom’s criteria, and the incidence of complication,post spinal surgery pain assessment). Results: clinical outcome was excellent (28.55), good (50%) and fair (21.5) according to Odom criteria. The European Myelopathy Scoring (EMS), improved from 10 to 16. The mean JOA score improved from 10.1 ± 2.1 to 14.2 ± 2.3. Fusion failure had been seen in 4 patients in one level for each secondary to anterior displacement of the cage with no other major complications. Conclusion: 4 levels anterior cervical discectomy with PEEK cage only is an effective, save and less costly with less post operative complication and hospital stay and less post spinal surgery pain.

Direct Z-scheme photochemical hybrid systems:Loading porphyrin-based metal-organic cages on graphitic-C_(3)N_(4) to dramatically enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

The rational design of photochemical molecular device(PMD)and its hybrid system has great potential in improving the activity of photocatalytic hydrogen production.A series of Pd6L3 type metal-organic cages,denoted as MOC-Py-M(M=H,Cu,and Zn),are designed for PMDs by combining metalloporphyrin-based ligands with catalytically active Pd^(2+)centers.These metal-organic cages(MOCs)are first successfully hybridized with graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))to form direct Z-scheme heterogeneous MOC-Py-M/g-C_(3)N_(4)(M=H,Cu,and Zn)photocatalysts via π-πinteractions.Benefiting from its better light absorption ability,the MOC-Py-Zn/g-C_(3)N_(4) catalyst exhibits high H_(2) production activity under visible light(10348μmol g^(-1) h^(-1)),far superior to MOC-Py-H/g-C_(3)N_(4) and MOC-Py-Cu/g-C_(3)N_(4).Moreover,the MOC-Py-Zn/g-C_(3)N_(4) system obtains an enhanced turn over number(TON)value of 32616 within 100 h,outperforming the homogenous MOC-Py-Zn(TON of 507 within 100 h),which is one of the highest photochemical hybrid systems based on MOC for visible-light-driven hydrogen generation.This confirms the direct Z-scheme heterostructure can promote effective charge transfer,expand the visible light absorption region,and protect the cages from decomposition in MOC-Py-Zn/g-C_(3)N_(4).This work presents a creative example that direct Z-scheme PMD-based systems for effective and persistent hydrogen generation from water under visible light are obtained by heterogenization approach using homogeneous porphyrin-based MOCs and g-C_(3)N_(4) semiconductors.

Numerical Analysis of Hydrodynamic Behaviors of Two Net Cages with Grid Mooring System Under Wave Action

Based on rigid kinematics theory and lumped mass method, a mathematical model of the two net cages of grid mooring system under waves is developed. In order to verify the numerical model, a series of physical model tests have been carried out. According to the comparisons between the simulated and the experimental results, it can be found that the simulated and the experimental results agree well in each wave condition. Then, the forces on the mooring lines and the floating collar movement are calculated under different wave conditions. Numerical results show that under the same condition, the forces on the bridle ropes are the largest, followed by forces on the main ropes and the grid ropes. The horizontal and the vertical float collar motion amplitudes increase with the increase of wave height, while the relationship of the horizontal motion amplitude and the wave period is indistinct. The vertical motion amplitude of the two cages is almost the same, while on the respect of horizontal motion amplitude, cage B （behind cage A, as shown in Fig. 4） moves much farther than cage A under the same wave condition. The inclination angle of the floating system both in clockwise along y axis and the counter one enlarges a little with the increase of wave height.

鲁棒的满足误差约束的平面cage生成

Cage是基于广义重心坐标的形状编辑与变形应用的基本要素,但现有算法无法保证生成的cage与模型间的距离能够满足给定的误差约束.为此,提出一种鲁棒的平面cage生成算法,对于用户指定的平面网格模型和Hausdorff距离上界,首先生成初始cage,使其与平面网格模型边界间的双向Hausdorff距离在设定的界内;其次,通过拓扑优化和几何优化降低cage的复杂度,并保证cage满足距离上界约束.对于任意的平面网格模型,该算法能从理论上保证生成的cage满足约束.在包含大量平面网格模型的公开数据集上的实验结果表明,与现有方法相比,该算法生成的cage在相同的Hausdorff距离下顶点数更少,在相同的顶点数下Hausdorff距离更小.