Displacement field reconstruction in landslide physical modeling by using a terrain laser scanner e Part 2:Application and large strain/displacement and water effect analysis

Deformation analysis is fundamental in geotechnical modeling.Nevertheless,there is still a lack of an effective method to obtain the deformation field under various experimental conditions.In this study,we introduce a processebased physical modeling of a pileereinforced reservoir landslide and present an improved deformation analysis involving large strains and water effects.We collect multieperiod point clouds using a terrain laser scanner and reconstruct its deformation field through a point cloud processing workflow.The results show that this method can accurately describe the landslide surface deformation at any time and area by both scalar and vector fields.The deformation fields in different profiles of the physical model and different stages of the evolutionary process provide adequate and detailed landslide information.We analyze the large strain upstream of the pile caused by the pile installation and the consequent violent deformation during the evolutionary process.Furthermore,our method effectively overcomes the challenges of identifying targets commonly encountered in geotechnical modeling where water effects are considered and targets are polluted,which facilitates the deformation analysis at the wading area in a reservoir landslide.Eventually,combining subsurface deformation as well as numerical modeling,we comprehensively analyze the kinematics and failure mechanisms of this complicated object involving landslides and pile foundations as well as water effects.This method is of great significance for any geotechnical modeling concerning large-strain analysis and water effects.

Imaging plate scanners calibration and the attenuation behavior of imaging plate signals

Based on previously reported work, we propose a new method for calibrating image plate(IP) scanners, offering greater flexibility and convenience, which can be extended to the calibration tasks of various scanner models. This method was applied to calibrate the sensitivity of a GE Typhoon FLA 7000 scanner. Additionally, we performed a calibration of the spontaneous signal attenuation behavior for BAS-MS, BAS-SR, and BAS-TR type IPs under the 20±1℃ environmental conditions, and observed significant signal carrier diffusion behavior in BAS-MS IP. The calibration results lay a foundation for further research on the interaction between ultra-short, ultra-intense lasers and matter.

Displacement field reconstruction in landslide physical modeling by using a terrain laser scanner e Part 1:Methodology,error analysis and validation

Laser scanning technology has been widely used in landslide aspects.However,the existing deformation analysis based on terrain laser scanners can only provide limited information,which is insufficient for understanding landslide kinematics and failure mechanisms.To overcome this limitation,this paper proposes an automated method for processing point clouds collected in landslide physical modeling.This method allows the acquisition of quantitative three-dimensional(3D)deformation field information.The results show the organized and spatially related point cloud segmentation in terms of spherical targets.The segmented point clouds can be fitted to determine the locations of all preset targets and their corresponding location changes.The proposed method has been validated based on theoretical analysis and numerical and physical tests,which indicates that it can batch-process massive data sets with high computational efficiency and good noise resistance.Compared to existing methods,this method shows a significant potential for understanding landslide kinematics and failure mechanisms and advancing the application of 3D laser scanning in geotechnical modeling.

Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Abdominal and Vaginal B-Ultrasound in The Diagnosis of Acute Abdomen in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of the combined application of abdominal and vaginal B-ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute abdomen in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: Eighty patients admitted to our hospital from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected, all of whom were acute abdomen patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. In this study, the patients were divided into two groups. One group of 40 patients was given a simple abdominal B-ultrasound diagnosis (control group). The other group of 40 patients was given both abdominal and vaginal B-ultrasound examinations (experimental group). The diagnostic accuracy between the two groups was compared. Results: Patients in the experimental group had higher consistency rates with pathological diagnosis results in ectopic pregnancy rupture, embryonic arrest, acute pelvic inflammation, corpus luteum rupture, and intrauterine adhesions as compared to the control group. At the same time, the inspection accuracy rate of the experimental group (92.50%) was higher than that of the control group (70.00%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combined application of abdominal and vaginal B-ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute abdomen was of great significance in improving the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and guiding doctors to provide effective treatment.

Analysis of the Efficacy of Prenatal B-Ultrasound in Diagnosing Fetal Abnormalities

Objective:To explore the positive significance of using prenatal B-ultrasound in diagnosing fetal abnormalities.Methods:A total of 200 pregnant women who visited Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital between January 2023 and January 2024 were recruited as the research subjects.All pregnant women received prenatal examinations.A retrospective analysis was carried out to analyze the positive significance of prenatal B-ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities.Results:Prenatal B-ultrasound examination detected 10 cases of fetal abnormalities,with a detection rate of 5.00%.When compared with the postnatal examination results of 5.50%,the difference was insignificant(P>0.05).Moreover,comparing the fetal limb abnormalities and cardiovascular abnormalities in prenatal B-ultrasound examination and postnatal examination,one case of congenital heart disease was missed in the prenatal B-ultrasound examination,and the others were consistent with the postnatal examination results,with a coincidence rate of 90.91%,indicating a high compliance rate.Conclusion:Fetal abnormalities have a great impact on mothers,babies,and families,and it is particularly important to strengthen diagnosis during this process.Prenatal B-ultrasound examination can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and can be promoted in clinical practice as a basis for screening fetal abnormalities.

特征自适应的复杂曲面扫描路径生成方法

为了解决现有自动化扫描方法在面对复杂曲面时扫描完整性不足、普适性不佳等问题,提出了一种特征自适应的自动化扫描路径规划方法。首先,构建了激光扫描仪的扫描约束条件,分析其对扫描精度的影响,为特征自适应的复杂扫描路径规划提供理论支撑。其次,针对扫描仪姿态规划问题,提出了一种新的测量倾角约束聚类算法,对离散复杂曲面后获得的采样点进行聚类处理,实现扫描仪姿态的规划,并在此基础上获得扫描路径点。再次,针对扫描路径规划问题,引入法向矢量夹角矩阵作为惩罚矩阵,优化改进最近邻算法,实现符合需求的扫描路径规划。最后,为验证该方法可行有效,以汽车车门作为扫描对象,搭建了一个组合式自动化柔性测量系统,与传统行切扫描方法、手动扫描方法进行对比试验。试验结果表明,该方法相较于行切扫描方法在扫描仪姿态变换次数上减少了54%,测量精度提高了64.5%,降低了人工干预因素的影响,扫描完整性与手动扫描方法接近,可以实现针对复杂曲面的自动化扫描测量。

基于ABVS影像组学列线图术前预测T1期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移

目的:探讨基于自动乳腺全容积成像(automatic breast volume scanner,ABVS)影像组学构建的列线图模型术前预测T1期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)转移的价值。方法:收集华东师范大学附属芜湖医院158例T1期乳腺癌患者的临床病理及影像资料,按7比3将患者随机分为训练组(n=110)及验证组(n=48)。利用MaZda纹理分析软件基于ABVS最大冠状面图像提取影像组学特征,并采用最小绝对收缩和选择算子算法(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归降维筛选最优特征,并构建影像组学标签评分(radiomics score,radscore)。通过单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析筛选预测T1期乳腺癌ALN转移的独立危险因子,构建联合预测模型,并绘制列线图。用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)进行模型性能评价,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验进行拟合优度评价。校准曲线评价模型的校准度,Delong检验比较模型的诊断效能,决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)评估模型的临床实用性。结果:单因素与多因素Logistic回归发现象限、冠状面汇聚征、超声淋巴结阳性为独立危险因素。联合模型训练组、验证组AUC分别为0.944、0.862,Delong检验联合模型诊断效能最高,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验模型均拟合较好(训练组χ^(2)=6.877,P=0.550;验证组χ^(2)=13.904,P=0.084),校准曲线及DCA表明列线图具有较高的校准度及较好的临床适用性。结论:基于ABVS影像组学列线图术前能有效的预测T1期乳腺癌ALN转移风险,构建的列线图能够可视化预测结果,为精准诊疗提供无创手段。

岩性元素扫描测井在准确识别岩性中应用

对于非常规储层和复杂岩性储层,利用常规测井曲线准确识别岩性、求取地层参数比较困难,元素扫描(Litho Scanner)测井通过对地层中元素的直接测量,能够提供地层中元素含量,对于特定的岩石(碎屑岩、碳酸盐等),可以通过元素含量计算地层中不同矿物组分的含量,进而进行对岩性的准确识别,识别出地层中绿泥石、蒙脫石、伊利石、钠长石、石英、方解石、白云石和黄铁矿等地层矿物及其含量,完成地层岩石矿物的评价。

星载高精度偏振扫描仪热控设计与验证

偏振扫描仪安装于卫星对地板,周围有其他载荷的遮挡,热环境复杂,是卫星热控设计的难点。文章根据扫描仪不同部组件的控温要求设计热控方案,包括:主光学组件与框架隔热并包覆多层隔热组件;红外探测器热沉、头部电路盒分别设计独立的散热路径,通过外贴热管连接辅助散热板散热;结合电加热主动控温;在主要部位安装隔热垫。该热控方案已通过热平衡试验在地面的考核验证,在轨遥测数据显示:主光学组件温度控制在(16±1)℃,头部电路盒温度控制在6~8℃,红外探测器热沉温度控制在(-22±1)℃,满足扫描仪各项温度指标要求。以上表明该热控方案合理有效,对同类型光学载荷的热控设计及优化具有借鉴意义。

现代测绘技术在古建烫样数字化项目中的应用

烫样是研究清代皇家建筑的珍贵文物,为配合文物信息数字化工作的开展,针对烫样数据的采集和处理方法进行了深入研究。在综合考虑多种数据采集方法的特点及烫样数字化记录的难点后,选择使用手持式三维扫描仪与多视角三维重建技术相结合的方式来进行烫样的基础数据采集,并通过实践总结出了一套完整的数据采集和处理工作流程。与此同时,针对成果可能的应用方式做了些许尝试,且为数据的后期维护与进一步利用拟定了数据管理系统的建设方案。

自发性全段食管黏膜下血肿2例并文献复习

食管黏膜下血肿(ESH)是临床少见的疾病,首发症状多为胸痛,与其他胸痛疾病易混淆。本文回顾性分析安徽省皖南康复医院收治的2例自发性全段ESH患者的临床资料、胃镜及胸部CT资料。2例患者均为老年女性,均在无明显诱因下突发胸痛、吞咽困难,经过胃镜及胸部CT确诊。入院行禁食、抑酸、护胃、解痉、抗炎及补液等保守治疗,1例患者在入院第3天出现呕血,另1例患者在入院第2天便血,同时患者症状明显改善,分别于第11天和第15天顺利出院,1个月后复查ESH消失,均无复发。2例ESH保守治疗均取得良好的临床疗效,尤其在血肿减压(呕血和便血)的情况下,有助于患者的症状改善。本文对ESH发病机制、临床表现、诊断、治疗和转归进行文献复习,以期提高临床医生对本病的诊治水平。

3种口内扫描仪用于咬合关系记录的准确度研究

目的探究3种口内扫描仪用于获取最大牙尖交错位(MIP)咬合关系的准确度,为临床实践提供参考。方法招募10名上下颌牙列完整、咬合关系正常的受试者。对照组采用面弓转移和咬合记录将位于MIP的上下颌石膏模型固定在架上,并使用桌面扫描仪对固定的模型进行扫描以获得数字化模型数据;实验组分别使用Trios 3、Carestream 3600以及Aoralscan 3口内扫描仪对受试者进行口内扫描以获取位于MIP时上下颌口扫模型数据。在对照组数字化模型的上下颌双侧中切牙、尖牙和第一磨牙上设置测量点并测量上下颌对应同名牙上测量点之间的距离,获得测量的距离之和D_(A),同时计算模型中切牙区、尖牙区以及第一磨牙区的测量点间距离之和,分别记为D_(I)、D_(C)、D_(M)。将添加测量点的对照组上下颌模型分别与实验组上下颌口扫模型进行精确匹配,计算匹配后对照组模型的D_(A)、D_(I)、D_(C)和D_(M)。对对照组和实验组获得的D_(A)、D_(I)、D_(C)、D_(M)进行统计学分析,以评估3种口内扫描仪记录咬合关系的准确度。结果对照组D_(A)、D_(I)、D_(C)、D_(M)的值分别为(39.58±6.40)、(13.64±3.58)、(14.91±2.85)、(11.03±1.56)mm,Trios 3组相应的值为(38.99±6.60)、(13.42±3.66)、(14.55±2.87)、(11.03±1.69)mm,Carestream 3600组相应的值为(38.57±6.36)、(13.56±3.68)、(14.45±2.85)、(10.55±1.41)mm,Aoralscan 3组相应的值为(38.16±5.69)、(13.03±3.54)、(14.23±2.59)、(10.90±1.54)mm。方差分析显示无论是整体偏差D_(A)(P=0.96),还是局部偏差D_(I)(P=0.98)、D_(C)(P=0.96)、D_(M)(P=0.89),3种口内扫描仪获取的数字化模型与对照组模型之间差异均无统计学意义。结论在规范的操作流程下,3种口内扫描仪获取的MIP咬合关系与传统方法无差异,满足临床诊疗的需求。

基于PhotoModeler Scanner的普通数码相机快速检校研究

随着分辨率的不断提高与价格的日益降低,数码相机已成为近景摄影测量的基本设备,而相机的准确检校是保证量测精度的关键因素。借助于PhotoModeler Scanner软件,本文实现了相机的快速准确检校,并对野外检校的稳定性和质量进行了分析,说明该检校方法简便可靠。

固井质量评价仪Isolation Scanner在塔里木油田套管检测方面的应用

塔里木油田地质构造复杂,油气埋藏普遍偏深,深井、超深井钻井工艺复杂,套管柱结构多样,如何检测钻井和后续开发造成的套管磨损和腐蚀情况,成为测井工程的一大难题。为了解决该难题,油田引进了最新一代的固井质量评价仪Isolation Scanner,该仪器通过脉冲回波测量和挠曲波衰减测量,可对套管结构进行检测,同时对套管磨损、腐蚀及套管居中情况进行定量评价。详细介绍了Isolation Scanner仪器的工作原理,并介绍了该仪器在塔里木油田套管检测方面的应用情况,通过实例分析认为该仪器的应用效果良好。

基于激光扫描仪的点云配准方法

针对激光扫描仪实际扫描得到的不完整点云配准困难问题,提出了一种基于对应点对的配准方法。通过激光扫描仪进行实验,得到被测工件的实测点云数据,基于Visual Studio软件配置Point Cloud Library环境,对实测模型与理想模型的点云配准进行研究。首先对实测点云数据进行体素滤波以及均匀下采样的预处理;其次通过对应点对的方式进行对齐为后续精细配准提供较好的变换初值,后基于ICP算法实现点云配准精配准;最终以均方根误差作为点云配准精度评价指标对配准结果进行评价。借助CloudCompare软件对配准结果进行直观展示分析可知,在实测工件本身存在不绝对光滑的情况下,配准的均方根误差可控制在0.62 mm,表明该方法对于不完整点云的配准效果较好。

面向未来月面科考的熔岩管实景三维建模技术研究

提出一种融合机载LiDAR,贴近摄影测量,以及GeoSLAM手持激光扫描仪点云数据来源的面向未来月面科考的熔岩管实景三维建模方法。首先进行实体划分,随后依据语义信息进行实体特征提取,并提出一种新的mesh模型构建方法,通过多层次模型构建方法以及骨架加细节建模方法来对熔岩管内表面的模型进行mesh模型构建,最后在模型内部不同层间分别构建实体,以模拟不同层的原始状态,并以此对层厚、剥落物体积两方面进行测量。通过对位于黑龙江省镜泊湖的熔岩管三维建模表明:基于多源数据融合的熔岩管实景三维建模方法具有高精度、高真实度等特点,为后续月球熔岩管天窗检测、地月模拟对比以及内部探测提供重要参考。

基于环形阵列的肌骨超声高分辨率断层成像

超声断层成像技术因具有非侵入性、成本效益高、无辐射危害和设备便携等优势,正快速成为医学成像领域快速发展的焦点。然而,超声波在肌骨组织等声阻抗对比度较高的介质中传播时往往会产生复杂的散射现象,导致接收信号的波形畸变与幅度衰减,进而限制了超声断层成像的分辨率和精度。为此,采用环形阵列针对肌骨组织(包含数字体模和在体组织)进行了全矩阵数据采集,实现在大孔径条件下采集反射、透射、多次散射等多种模式的超声信号,然后运用多种算法重建目标截面的结构和参数图像。其中,延时叠加被用于对强反射界面的结构成像;渡越时间断层成像则有助于重建目标截面的低分辨率声速分布图像;而全波形反演则可在渡越时间断层成像的基础上,通过求解非线性反演问题生成更高分辨率的声速分布图像。通过仿真与实验测试,验证了结合渡越时间断层成像和多尺度频域全波形反演的方法,能够精确重建目标截面的不同组织成分,如皮肤、脂肪、肌肉和骨骼等,且分辨率达到0.4 mm。本文工作扩展了超声在医学成像领域的应用范围,对肌骨疾病的精确诊断具有重要的临床价值。

不同扫描范围下3种口内扫描系统的咬合匹配精度对比研究

目的探究不同颊侧咬合扫描范围下3种口内扫描仪之间咬合匹配精度的差异。方法采用3种类型的口内扫描仪(Medit i500、iTero element flex、3 Shape Trios3)对安装于半可调架上的标准石膏模型进行4种不同范围的颊侧咬合扫描。扫描范围分组为Group1:双侧1-3牙位、Group2:双侧4-5牙位、Group3:双侧4-6牙位、Group4:双侧4-7牙位,每组重复扫描10次。对照组采用台式扫描仪获取咬合关系。将实验组与对照组上颌模型进行最佳拟合对齐,下颌模型通过矩阵变换保持初始咬合位置不变。通过三维偏差分析技术分析不同扫描范围对咬合匹配精度的影响。结果同一扫描系统下,i500和Trios3前牙组Group1咬合匹配精密度显著低于3个后牙组Group2、Group3、Group4(P<0.05),且后牙组两两之间差异无统计学意义;同一扫描范围下,咬合匹配正确度在3个口内扫描仪间表现出了相同的趋势:前牙组Group1显著低于后牙组(P<0.05),在后牙组中,随着扫描范围的增大,咬合匹配的偏差减小,正确度提高;使用iTero进行咬合匹配时整体正确度和精密度均优于i500和Trios3,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同扫描范围下3种口内扫描系统均会影响咬合匹配精度;iTero咬合匹配精度优于i500和Trios3。

基于TLS和ALS融合数据的杨树林木表型参数提取研究

基于激光雷达手段获取杨树林木表型参数的方法,探究树木点云提取更优林木表型参数的能力,为林木经营方案的编制提供有力的数据支撑与参考依据。根据地基激光雷达(TLS)与机载激光雷达(ALS)的融合点云数据,利用几何特征树木骨架、提取不完全模拟水分和养分传输的算法(ISTTWN),建立三维单木模型,并获取杨树单木的胸径、树高以及枝条属性因子。结果表明,融合数据的胸径、树高提取值的平均值均高于TLS数据的提取值,同时提取精度也更高。在所提取的枝条属性因子中,提取精度依次为着枝高度>枝长>弦长>着枝角度>分枝角度>弓高,且融合数据的提取精度更高。从RMSE、MAE、MAPE、R^(2)4个方面对枝条属性因子进行提取精度评价,枝长的拟合度最高,地基和融合点云提取值分别达到0.985、0.989;角度的拟合度相对较低,TLS着枝角度提取值的R^(2)仅0.775,但融合后的着枝角度的拟合度提升明显,达到0.887。基于不同相对着枝高度对提取精度分析,未融合前相对着枝高度0.4~0.6的枝条属性精度最高,而后其精度随着冠层高度的增加而降低,由于融合后的冠层点云密度提高,枝条属性因子的提取精度较融合前显著提升,且在相对着枝高度0.8~1.0时提高最为明显,相对提取精度最低的弓高提高了10.04%。研究认为TLS与ALS融合点云数据后,由于数据之间的相互弥补,有效提高点云密度,在三维树木模型研建中能够显著提高林木表型参数的数据提取精度,其中冠层提取精度提升最为明显。

利用手持激光点云的矿区自然林树干提取

为了定量刻画矿区复杂环境下自然林树木的三维结构信息,提出一种利用手持激光扫描仪的矿区自然林树干点云识别方法。借助手持激光扫描仪对矿区自然林进行扫描,在滤除地面点的基础上,引入多尺度垂直度特征进行矿区自然林树干识别,利用八叉树叶节点聚类方法对识别的树干进一步提取。通过矿区实测数据进行实验,结果表明,所提出的方法能够实现矿区自然林树干的识别,对矿区复杂环境下自然林树木的三维结构信息定量刻画、厘清矿区植被生长状况具有一定的参考价值。