Shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)proteins have been shown an allergenic potential;however,little information is available on the sensitizing and eliciting capacity of shrimp protein digestion products.In this study,a BALB/c mi...Shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)proteins have been shown an allergenic potential;however,little information is available on the sensitizing and eliciting capacity of shrimp protein digestion products.In this study,a BALB/c mice model was used to explore the allergenicity of shrimp protein sample(SPS)and their gastric and gastrointestinal digestion products(GDS/GIDS).As compared with the SPS groups,the GDS/GIDS groups caused lower specific immunoglobulins(Ig E/Ig G1)levels(P<0.05),but higher than the control groups,indicating that the digestion products sensitized the mice.Meanwhile,spleen index,mouse mast cell protease-1(m MCP-1)concentration and proportion of degranulated mast cells were significantly reduced in the GDS/GIDS groups(P<0.05);simultaneously,allergic symptoms,vascular permeability and histopathological changes of tissues were alleviated.Nevertheless,the allergenicity of digestion products cannot be eliminated and still cause systemic allergic reactions in mice.The study showed that the digestion products of shrimp still had high sensitizing and eliciting capacity.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the immunotoxicological effects of genetically modified wheat with TaDREB4 gene in female BALB/c mice. Methods Female mice weighing 18-22 g were divided into five groups （10 mice/group）, which ...Objective To evaluate the immunotoxicological effects of genetically modified wheat with TaDREB4 gene in female BALB/c mice. Methods Female mice weighing 18-22 g were divided into five groups （10 mice/group）, which were set as negative control group, common wheat group, parental wheat group, genetically modified wheat group and cyclophosphamide positive control group, respectively. Mice in negative control group and positive control group were fed with AIN93G diet, mice in common wheat group, non-genetically modified parental wheat group and genetically modified wheat group were fed with feedstuffs added corresponding wheat （the proportion is 76%} for 30 days, then body weight, absolute and relative weight of spleen and thymus, white blood cell count, histological examination of immune organ, peripheral blood lymphocytes phenotyping, serum cytokine, serum immunoglobulin, antibody plaque-forming cell, serum half hemolysis value, mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and phagocytic activities of phagocytes were detected. Results No immunotoxicological effects related to the consumption of the genetically modified wheat were observed in BALB/c mice when compared with parental wheat group, common wheat group and negative control group. Conclusion From the immunotoxicological point of view, results from this study demonstrate that genetically modified wheat with TaDREB4 gene is as safe as the parental wheat.展开更多
AIM:To assess the capacity to isolate and expand mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)from bone marrow of CBA/Ca,ICR and Balb/c mice. METHODS:Bone marrow of tibia and femur were flushed,cultured and maintained in supplemented D...AIM:To assess the capacity to isolate and expand mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)from bone marrow of CBA/Ca,ICR and Balb/c mice. METHODS:Bone marrow of tibia and femur were flushed,cultured and maintained in supplemented Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium.MSC immunophenotype of cultures were tracked along increasing passages for positivity to CD106,Sca-1 and CD44 and negativity to CD45,CD11b and MHC classⅡ.Differentiation capacity of MSC towards osteogenic and adipo-genic lineages were also assessed. RESULTS:MSC were successfully cultured from bone marrow of all 3 strains,albeit differences in the temporal expression of certain surface antigens.Their differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes were also observed. MSC from all 3 mouse strains demonstrated a shift from a haematopoietic phenotype(CD106-CD45+CD11b+Sca-1low)to typical MSC phenotype(CD106+CD45-CD11b-Sca-1high)with increasing passages. CONCLUSION:Information garnered assists us in the decision of selecting a mouse strain to generate MSC from for downstream experimentation.展开更多
Increasing incidences showed that food allergies have attracted more and more attention from researchers.BALB/c mice were sensitized with wheat gluten combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant via intraperitoneal inje...Increasing incidences showed that food allergies have attracted more and more attention from researchers.BALB/c mice were sensitized with wheat gluten combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant via intraperitoneal injection,transdermal sensitization,and oral gavage sensitization route.Results showed that all the three sensitization methods could induce allergic symptoms;increase the serum antibody(total immunoglobulin E(IgE),specific IgE,IgG,IgA)and histamine content;promote the secretion of Th2 cytokines(interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,IL-13)and inflammatory factors(IL-6,IL-17 A,IL-10);and inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines(IFN-γ,IL-2).However,the allergic symptoms of mice sensitized by intraperitoneal injection were the most obvious among the three models.The level of serum antibodies in intraperitoneal injection group was significantly higher than control.Subsequently,16 S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the intestinal flora of mice.The results showed that the abundance of Firmicutes in the wheat protein sensitized group was lower than that in the normal group,while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher,and Lactobacillus was the difference marker in normal group.Bacterial species diversity analysis showed that the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in mice were decreased,the difference between mice induced by intraperitoneal injection and normal control group mice was the most significant.Taken together,these results show that among three sensitization methods used to build a mouse model with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant,intraperitoneal injection is the comparably best way to build a mouse sensitization mode.展开更多
Objective:Acupuncture is considered an important part of the alternative medical treatment of tumors.However,it is still unclear whether acupuncture has a direct effect on inhibition of tumor growth.The purpose of thi...Objective:Acupuncture is considered an important part of the alternative medical treatment of tumors.However,it is still unclear whether acupuncture has a direct effect on inhibition of tumor growth.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acupuncture treatment on tumors in BALB/c mice that were or were not administered cyclophosphamide.Methods:A 4T1 breast carcinoma mouse model for this study was established.When the mice developed 5 mm × 5 mm visible subcutaneous tumors,they were subjected to acupuncture and/or cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment for 15 days.Results:Acupuncture and CTX treatment both reduced the size of the solid tumors.When used in conjunction,the tumor size reduction was even more obvious.Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that acupuncture had a significant effect on induction of tumor cell necrosis and inhibition of angiogenesis.Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of CD34 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),which were related to angiogenesis,decreased after treatment with either acupuncture or CTX.However,when the two treatments were used in conjunction,they showed a synergistic effect on inhibiting the expression of CD34.However,the synergistic effect was not observed onMvMP-9 expression.Conclusion:Acupuncture plays an important role in improving the effect of chemotherapy by inhibiting angiogenesis.展开更多
Background: Drug resistance in malaria warrants the need for alternative therapy from plant food nutrients. The search for novel anti-malarial control spurred a great interest in cocoa which has been portrayed as immu...Background: Drug resistance in malaria warrants the need for alternative therapy from plant food nutrients. The search for novel anti-malarial control spurred a great interest in cocoa which has been portrayed as immune booster against malaria. This study was geared towards estimation of CD4+ cells of P. berghei infected mice treated with cocoa powder extract (CPE) to provide substantive scientific evidence to authenticate the anecdotal report. Methods: Brine shrimp toxicity assay was done to determine LC50 of crude cocoa powder extract. The mice were infected with 1 × 107 of ANKA and NK65 strains of Plasmodium berghei intraperitoneally, while graded doses of the extract were administered by an intra-gastric intubation based on the body weight of mice. Blood samples were analyzed for microscopy and flow cytometry for CD4+ cell counts. Results: The onset of infection was delayed in the group treated before inoculations on day 3 and the level of P. berghei parasitemia was positively associated with induction of CD4+ cells while the negative control group that received normal saline had progressive increase of parasitemia. The mean survival time could not go beyond day14 in ANKA, though both strains responded to CPE in a similar way with chloroquine as a positive control. The CD4+ cells counted increased in both strains treated before and during inoculations and the episodes of malaria was suppressed compared with the control. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that the antiplasmodial activity of CPE was associated with the level of CD4+ T-cells proliferation which initiated the protective immune response. This therefore calls for efforts to ensure adequate intake of cocoa powder to boost immunity against malaria.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the combined effect of etoposide and radiation on CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma implanted into BALB/c mice. METHODS： We evaluated the radiosensitizing effect of etoposide on CT26 colorectal aden...AIM： To investigate the combined effect of etoposide and radiation on CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma implanted into BALB/c mice. METHODS： We evaluated the radiosensitizing effect of etoposide on CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma in a syngeneic animal model. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously implanted with CT26 cells and divided into four groups： Gonlyol （intra-peritoneal saline×2） group, etoposide （5 mg/kg intra-peritoneally×2） group, radiation therapy （RT 5 Gy×2 fractions） group, and combination therapy with etoposide （5 mg/kg intra-peritoneally 1 h before radiation） group. RESULTS： Tumor growth was significantly inhibited by RT and combination therapy. The effect of combination therapy was better than that of RT. No significant changes were noted in body weight, plasma alanine aminotransferase, or creatinine in any group. The leukocyte count significantly but transiently decreased in the RT and combination therapy groups, but not in the etoposide and control groups. There was no skin change or hair loss in the RT and combination therapy groups. CONCLUSION： Etoposide can sensitize CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice to RT without significant toxicity.展开更多
Nanopharmaceuticals containing quantum dot nanoparticles (Q-Dot NPs) for treating serious cancers such as breast cancer have made fantastic proposals. In this study, ZnO quantum dot NPs are formulated via ZnO@PVP nano...Nanopharmaceuticals containing quantum dot nanoparticles (Q-Dot NPs) for treating serious cancers such as breast cancer have made fantastic proposals. In this study, ZnO quantum dot NPs are formulated via ZnO@PVP nanopolymer as co-assistants coordinating with efficacious suitable wetting agents, PEG-binding compound, and W/O emulsifier for producing eco-friendly water-based nanodrug. Several characterization techniques containing SEM, TEM, FTIR, photoluminescence, zeta potential, and UV-Vis absorption were employed for ZnO Q-Dot NPs in nanodrug. This work aims to investigate the anti-tumor effects of such nanomedicine on the 4T1 breast cancer cell line in BALB/c mice, being elaborated through intraperitoneal, injection (IVP) and oral therapy. The impressive findings showed that ZnO nanodrug caused changes in blood factors, having the most effectiveness at 40 μg/ml concentration after two weeks of oral treatments. The significant increase in white blood cells (WBC) neutrophils and meaningful decreases in lymphocytes and especially cholesterol were powerful simultaneous impacts, successfully treating malignant breast cancer masses. In this significant animal model research for breast cancer, the sick mice recovered entirely and even had a safe space to mate. Histopathological results showed no evidence of breast tumor formation or metastasis in the group treated with nanodrug and their children. This nanomedicine has a therapeutic effect, and is ready to be applied for treating volunteer breast cancer patients. However, its prevention (inhibitory) effect can also be analyzed and added to current data in future studies.展开更多
A useful helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis model using BALB/c mice was established for mimicking of human gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The H. pylori isolates were obtained freshly from a...A useful helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis model using BALB/c mice was established for mimicking of human gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The H. pylori isolates were obtained freshly from a human complex ulcer patient. BALB/c mice were fasted for 24 h and then 0.25 mL of 0.2 mol·L -1 NaHCO 3 was administered after by gavage to each mouse and 0.5 mL of 10 9 colonies formation unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) of H. pylori was administered 15 min. On the 3 rd day and 5 th day, the H. pylori inoculations were repeated. The inoculated mice were sacrificed in batch on the 5 th day, in the 2 nd week, 3 rd week and 4 th week. The gastric mucous membrane near pyloric portion was removed, treated and then cultured under microaerobic condition for detection of H.pylori. The remainders of the gastric membrane were fixed by 10% formaldehyde solution for pathological detection. The results showed that the H. pylori could be separated from the gastric membranes of inoculated mice. Obvious invasion of inflammatory cells in the gastric membranes of inoculated mice could be observed from pathological sections. It can be concluded that the inoculating fresh human H. pylori isolates can produce mouse gastritis. This model of BALB/c mice can be used for evaluating the therapeutic agents for the treatment of gastritis induced by H. pylori.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022067)the Dalian Sci-Tech Talent Innovation Support Program(2022RY04)。
文摘Shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)proteins have been shown an allergenic potential;however,little information is available on the sensitizing and eliciting capacity of shrimp protein digestion products.In this study,a BALB/c mice model was used to explore the allergenicity of shrimp protein sample(SPS)and their gastric and gastrointestinal digestion products(GDS/GIDS).As compared with the SPS groups,the GDS/GIDS groups caused lower specific immunoglobulins(Ig E/Ig G1)levels(P<0.05),but higher than the control groups,indicating that the digestion products sensitized the mice.Meanwhile,spleen index,mouse mast cell protease-1(m MCP-1)concentration and proportion of degranulated mast cells were significantly reduced in the GDS/GIDS groups(P<0.05);simultaneously,allergic symptoms,vascular permeability and histopathological changes of tissues were alleviated.Nevertheless,the allergenicity of digestion products cannot be eliminated and still cause systemic allergic reactions in mice.The study showed that the digestion products of shrimp still had high sensitizing and eliciting capacity.
基金supported by the National GMO Cultivation Major Project of New Varieties (2008ZX08011-005,2011ZX08011-005)
文摘Objective To evaluate the immunotoxicological effects of genetically modified wheat with TaDREB4 gene in female BALB/c mice. Methods Female mice weighing 18-22 g were divided into five groups （10 mice/group）, which were set as negative control group, common wheat group, parental wheat group, genetically modified wheat group and cyclophosphamide positive control group, respectively. Mice in negative control group and positive control group were fed with AIN93G diet, mice in common wheat group, non-genetically modified parental wheat group and genetically modified wheat group were fed with feedstuffs added corresponding wheat （the proportion is 76%} for 30 days, then body weight, absolute and relative weight of spleen and thymus, white blood cell count, histological examination of immune organ, peripheral blood lymphocytes phenotyping, serum cytokine, serum immunoglobulin, antibody plaque-forming cell, serum half hemolysis value, mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and phagocytic activities of phagocytes were detected. Results No immunotoxicological effects related to the consumption of the genetically modified wheat were observed in BALB/c mice when compared with parental wheat group, common wheat group and negative control group. Conclusion From the immunotoxicological point of view, results from this study demonstrate that genetically modified wheat with TaDREB4 gene is as safe as the parental wheat.
基金Supported by The Research University Grant Scheme UPM,04-02-10-0924RUExploratory Research Grant Scheme,Ministry of Higher Education,ERGS/1/2012/5527106
文摘AIM:To assess the capacity to isolate and expand mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)from bone marrow of CBA/Ca,ICR and Balb/c mice. METHODS:Bone marrow of tibia and femur were flushed,cultured and maintained in supplemented Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium.MSC immunophenotype of cultures were tracked along increasing passages for positivity to CD106,Sca-1 and CD44 and negativity to CD45,CD11b and MHC classⅡ.Differentiation capacity of MSC towards osteogenic and adipo-genic lineages were also assessed. RESULTS:MSC were successfully cultured from bone marrow of all 3 strains,albeit differences in the temporal expression of certain surface antigens.Their differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes were also observed. MSC from all 3 mouse strains demonstrated a shift from a haematopoietic phenotype(CD106-CD45+CD11b+Sca-1low)to typical MSC phenotype(CD106+CD45-CD11b-Sca-1high)with increasing passages. CONCLUSION:Information garnered assists us in the decision of selecting a mouse strain to generate MSC from for downstream experimentation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1605000)the National Natural Science Foundation(1872904)。
文摘Increasing incidences showed that food allergies have attracted more and more attention from researchers.BALB/c mice were sensitized with wheat gluten combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant via intraperitoneal injection,transdermal sensitization,and oral gavage sensitization route.Results showed that all the three sensitization methods could induce allergic symptoms;increase the serum antibody(total immunoglobulin E(IgE),specific IgE,IgG,IgA)and histamine content;promote the secretion of Th2 cytokines(interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,IL-13)and inflammatory factors(IL-6,IL-17 A,IL-10);and inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines(IFN-γ,IL-2).However,the allergic symptoms of mice sensitized by intraperitoneal injection were the most obvious among the three models.The level of serum antibodies in intraperitoneal injection group was significantly higher than control.Subsequently,16 S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the intestinal flora of mice.The results showed that the abundance of Firmicutes in the wheat protein sensitized group was lower than that in the normal group,while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher,and Lactobacillus was the difference marker in normal group.Bacterial species diversity analysis showed that the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in mice were decreased,the difference between mice induced by intraperitoneal injection and normal control group mice was the most significant.Taken together,these results show that among three sensitization methods used to build a mouse model with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant,intraperitoneal injection is the comparably best way to build a mouse sensitization mode.
文摘Objective:Acupuncture is considered an important part of the alternative medical treatment of tumors.However,it is still unclear whether acupuncture has a direct effect on inhibition of tumor growth.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acupuncture treatment on tumors in BALB/c mice that were or were not administered cyclophosphamide.Methods:A 4T1 breast carcinoma mouse model for this study was established.When the mice developed 5 mm × 5 mm visible subcutaneous tumors,they were subjected to acupuncture and/or cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment for 15 days.Results:Acupuncture and CTX treatment both reduced the size of the solid tumors.When used in conjunction,the tumor size reduction was even more obvious.Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that acupuncture had a significant effect on induction of tumor cell necrosis and inhibition of angiogenesis.Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of CD34 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),which were related to angiogenesis,decreased after treatment with either acupuncture or CTX.However,when the two treatments were used in conjunction,they showed a synergistic effect on inhibiting the expression of CD34.However,the synergistic effect was not observed onMvMP-9 expression.Conclusion:Acupuncture plays an important role in improving the effect of chemotherapy by inhibiting angiogenesis.
文摘Background: Drug resistance in malaria warrants the need for alternative therapy from plant food nutrients. The search for novel anti-malarial control spurred a great interest in cocoa which has been portrayed as immune booster against malaria. This study was geared towards estimation of CD4+ cells of P. berghei infected mice treated with cocoa powder extract (CPE) to provide substantive scientific evidence to authenticate the anecdotal report. Methods: Brine shrimp toxicity assay was done to determine LC50 of crude cocoa powder extract. The mice were infected with 1 × 107 of ANKA and NK65 strains of Plasmodium berghei intraperitoneally, while graded doses of the extract were administered by an intra-gastric intubation based on the body weight of mice. Blood samples were analyzed for microscopy and flow cytometry for CD4+ cell counts. Results: The onset of infection was delayed in the group treated before inoculations on day 3 and the level of P. berghei parasitemia was positively associated with induction of CD4+ cells while the negative control group that received normal saline had progressive increase of parasitemia. The mean survival time could not go beyond day14 in ANKA, though both strains responded to CPE in a similar way with chloroquine as a positive control. The CD4+ cells counted increased in both strains treated before and during inoculations and the episodes of malaria was suppressed compared with the control. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that the antiplasmodial activity of CPE was associated with the level of CD4+ T-cells proliferation which initiated the protective immune response. This therefore calls for efforts to ensure adequate intake of cocoa powder to boost immunity against malaria.
基金Supported by the Grant, No. MMH 9352 from Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, China
文摘AIM： To investigate the combined effect of etoposide and radiation on CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma implanted into BALB/c mice. METHODS： We evaluated the radiosensitizing effect of etoposide on CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma in a syngeneic animal model. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously implanted with CT26 cells and divided into four groups： Gonlyol （intra-peritoneal saline×2） group, etoposide （5 mg/kg intra-peritoneally×2） group, radiation therapy （RT 5 Gy×2 fractions） group, and combination therapy with etoposide （5 mg/kg intra-peritoneally 1 h before radiation） group. RESULTS： Tumor growth was significantly inhibited by RT and combination therapy. The effect of combination therapy was better than that of RT. No significant changes were noted in body weight, plasma alanine aminotransferase, or creatinine in any group. The leukocyte count significantly but transiently decreased in the RT and combination therapy groups, but not in the etoposide and control groups. There was no skin change or hair loss in the RT and combination therapy groups. CONCLUSION： Etoposide can sensitize CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice to RT without significant toxicity.
文摘Nanopharmaceuticals containing quantum dot nanoparticles (Q-Dot NPs) for treating serious cancers such as breast cancer have made fantastic proposals. In this study, ZnO quantum dot NPs are formulated via ZnO@PVP nanopolymer as co-assistants coordinating with efficacious suitable wetting agents, PEG-binding compound, and W/O emulsifier for producing eco-friendly water-based nanodrug. Several characterization techniques containing SEM, TEM, FTIR, photoluminescence, zeta potential, and UV-Vis absorption were employed for ZnO Q-Dot NPs in nanodrug. This work aims to investigate the anti-tumor effects of such nanomedicine on the 4T1 breast cancer cell line in BALB/c mice, being elaborated through intraperitoneal, injection (IVP) and oral therapy. The impressive findings showed that ZnO nanodrug caused changes in blood factors, having the most effectiveness at 40 μg/ml concentration after two weeks of oral treatments. The significant increase in white blood cells (WBC) neutrophils and meaningful decreases in lymphocytes and especially cholesterol were powerful simultaneous impacts, successfully treating malignant breast cancer masses. In this significant animal model research for breast cancer, the sick mice recovered entirely and even had a safe space to mate. Histopathological results showed no evidence of breast tumor formation or metastasis in the group treated with nanodrug and their children. This nanomedicine has a therapeutic effect, and is ready to be applied for treating volunteer breast cancer patients. However, its prevention (inhibitory) effect can also be analyzed and added to current data in future studies.
文摘A useful helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis model using BALB/c mice was established for mimicking of human gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The H. pylori isolates were obtained freshly from a human complex ulcer patient. BALB/c mice were fasted for 24 h and then 0.25 mL of 0.2 mol·L -1 NaHCO 3 was administered after by gavage to each mouse and 0.5 mL of 10 9 colonies formation unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) of H. pylori was administered 15 min. On the 3 rd day and 5 th day, the H. pylori inoculations were repeated. The inoculated mice were sacrificed in batch on the 5 th day, in the 2 nd week, 3 rd week and 4 th week. The gastric mucous membrane near pyloric portion was removed, treated and then cultured under microaerobic condition for detection of H.pylori. The remainders of the gastric membrane were fixed by 10% formaldehyde solution for pathological detection. The results showed that the H. pylori could be separated from the gastric membranes of inoculated mice. Obvious invasion of inflammatory cells in the gastric membranes of inoculated mice could be observed from pathological sections. It can be concluded that the inoculating fresh human H. pylori isolates can produce mouse gastritis. This model of BALB/c mice can be used for evaluating the therapeutic agents for the treatment of gastritis induced by H. pylori.
