Recalcitrant warts can accurately be defined as warts that persist after six months of conventional therapy. Up to one-third of non-genital warts, especially periungual and plantar warts, become recalcitrant. Traditio...Recalcitrant warts can accurately be defined as warts that persist after six months of conventional therapy. Up to one-third of non-genital warts, especially periungual and plantar warts, become recalcitrant. Traditional treatment options for warts include topical salicylic acid, cryotherapy, and electrocautery;however, patients with recalcitrant warts remain a major therapeutic challenge. There is evidence that immunotherapy can clear recalcitrant warts if traditional treatment fails. Given this, clinical studies published in PubMed and Google Scholar that used Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii (Mw vaccine), and purified protein derivative (PPD) as immunotherapy for wart, were reviewed in this study. Neither of these treatments has been subjected to a randomized controlled trial, thus to date, there are no standardized protocols to use them. Our review highlights the scientific facts in the clinical applications of the previous options to treat recalcitrant warts and investigate the differences among them, concerning efficacy, adverse effects, dosage, and route of administration.展开更多
目的在不同分枝杆菌致敏豚鼠模型中研究结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative of tuberculin,TB-PPD)的量效关系。方法将受试豚鼠随机分成6组:结核分枝杆菌H37Rv活菌致敏组、结核分枝杆菌临床株CMCC 94757、94754、94766...目的在不同分枝杆菌致敏豚鼠模型中研究结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative of tuberculin,TB-PPD)的量效关系。方法将受试豚鼠随机分成6组:结核分枝杆菌H37Rv活菌致敏组、结核分枝杆菌临床株CMCC 94757、94754、94766致敏组、卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine,BCG)致敏组和灭活结核分枝杆菌H37Rv致敏组。各组豚鼠分别于左侧大腿腹股沟皮下注射相应致敏原,5~6周后,所有豚鼠于脊柱两侧皮内注射20 IU/m L TB-PPD和50 IU/m L TB-PPD各0.1 m L;于注射后24 h、48 h观察和记录局部硬结的纵径与横径,计算平均值。结果所有组别豚鼠接受两种规格TB-PPD皮试后,无论是24 h还是48 h,局部硬结反应直径均大于10 mm,全部阳性,阳转率均为100%。5 IU TB-PPD皮试反应强度高于2 IU TB-PPD,存在明显的剂量效应关系。其中,24 h结果显示:2 IU TB-PPD和5 IU TB-PPD在H37Rv活菌致敏组、94766致敏组、灭活H37Rv致敏组皮试反应大小差异无统计学意义(t=2.291、P=0.071;t=2.722、P=0.053;t=1.76、P=0.153),其余3组5 IU TB-PPD皮试反应强度高于2 IU TB-PPD,差异均有统计学意义(t=4.098、P=0.015;t=4.811、P=0.009;t=3.068、P=0.037)。48 h硬结反应和24 h、48 h平均硬结反应结果均显示:在各致敏组豚鼠模型中5 IU TB-PPD皮试反应强度均高于2 IU TB-PPD,皮试反应大小均有统计学差异(t=3.471、P=0.018;t=3.371、P=0.020;t=6.216、P=0.003;t=5.244、P=0.006;t=3.959、P=0.017;t=4.674、P=0.010;t=4.824、P=0.008;t=3.794、P=0.019;t=3.857、P=0.018;t=2.86、P=0.046;t=3.539、P=0.024;t=3.365、P=0.028)。结论各组豚鼠致敏模型中5 IU TB-PPD的效价均明显高于2 IU TB-PPD,存在较为明显的量效关系。各种感染状态下,虽然高剂量制品可诱导更强的迟发型超敏(delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH)反应,但低剂量制品也不影响其阳性检出率。展开更多
文摘Recalcitrant warts can accurately be defined as warts that persist after six months of conventional therapy. Up to one-third of non-genital warts, especially periungual and plantar warts, become recalcitrant. Traditional treatment options for warts include topical salicylic acid, cryotherapy, and electrocautery;however, patients with recalcitrant warts remain a major therapeutic challenge. There is evidence that immunotherapy can clear recalcitrant warts if traditional treatment fails. Given this, clinical studies published in PubMed and Google Scholar that used Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii (Mw vaccine), and purified protein derivative (PPD) as immunotherapy for wart, were reviewed in this study. Neither of these treatments has been subjected to a randomized controlled trial, thus to date, there are no standardized protocols to use them. Our review highlights the scientific facts in the clinical applications of the previous options to treat recalcitrant warts and investigate the differences among them, concerning efficacy, adverse effects, dosage, and route of administration.
文摘目的在不同分枝杆菌致敏豚鼠模型中研究结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative of tuberculin,TB-PPD)的量效关系。方法将受试豚鼠随机分成6组:结核分枝杆菌H37Rv活菌致敏组、结核分枝杆菌临床株CMCC 94757、94754、94766致敏组、卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine,BCG)致敏组和灭活结核分枝杆菌H37Rv致敏组。各组豚鼠分别于左侧大腿腹股沟皮下注射相应致敏原,5~6周后,所有豚鼠于脊柱两侧皮内注射20 IU/m L TB-PPD和50 IU/m L TB-PPD各0.1 m L;于注射后24 h、48 h观察和记录局部硬结的纵径与横径,计算平均值。结果所有组别豚鼠接受两种规格TB-PPD皮试后,无论是24 h还是48 h,局部硬结反应直径均大于10 mm,全部阳性,阳转率均为100%。5 IU TB-PPD皮试反应强度高于2 IU TB-PPD,存在明显的剂量效应关系。其中,24 h结果显示:2 IU TB-PPD和5 IU TB-PPD在H37Rv活菌致敏组、94766致敏组、灭活H37Rv致敏组皮试反应大小差异无统计学意义(t=2.291、P=0.071;t=2.722、P=0.053;t=1.76、P=0.153),其余3组5 IU TB-PPD皮试反应强度高于2 IU TB-PPD,差异均有统计学意义(t=4.098、P=0.015;t=4.811、P=0.009;t=3.068、P=0.037)。48 h硬结反应和24 h、48 h平均硬结反应结果均显示:在各致敏组豚鼠模型中5 IU TB-PPD皮试反应强度均高于2 IU TB-PPD,皮试反应大小均有统计学差异(t=3.471、P=0.018;t=3.371、P=0.020;t=6.216、P=0.003;t=5.244、P=0.006;t=3.959、P=0.017;t=4.674、P=0.010;t=4.824、P=0.008;t=3.794、P=0.019;t=3.857、P=0.018;t=2.86、P=0.046;t=3.539、P=0.024;t=3.365、P=0.028)。结论各组豚鼠致敏模型中5 IU TB-PPD的效价均明显高于2 IU TB-PPD,存在较为明显的量效关系。各种感染状态下,虽然高剂量制品可诱导更强的迟发型超敏(delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH)反应,但低剂量制品也不影响其阳性检出率。
