Electrochemical Detection of Clenbuterol in Pig Liver at Pyrrole DNA Modified Boron-doped Diamond Electrode

The direct detection of clenbuterol（CL） in pig liver without any extraction separation at a pyrrole-DNA modified boron-doped diamond（BDD） electrode is reported. The pyrrole-DNA modified BDD electrode has a strong electrocatalytic effect on the redox reaction of CL. One oxidization and two reduction peaks of CL appear at 340. 2, 299. 8 and 166. 6 mV（ versus SCE）, respectively. The pyrrole polymer alone cannot electrocatalyze the above reaction at a BDD electrode ; the electrocatalytic effect of a BDD electrode modified with DNA membrane is unsufficient for the analytical detection of CL; the replacement of boron-doped diamond by glass carbon makes the electrocatalytic reaction impossible ; the redox process is pH dependent. The influences of various experimental parameters on the pyrrole-DNA modified BDD electrode were investigated. A sensitive cyclic vohammetric response for CL was obtained in a linear range from 3.4 × 10^-6 to 5 × 10^ -4 mol/L with a detection limit of 8.5 × 10^-7 mol/L. A mean recovery of 102. 7% of CL in the pig liver sample solution and a reproducibility of 3.2% were obtained.

Synthesis and Temperature-dependent Electrochemical Properties of Boron-doped Diamond Electrodes on Titanium

On the sand-blasting-treated titanium（Ti） substrate, the boron-doped diamond（BDD） electrodes with a wide potential window were prepared by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition（MPCVD）. The electrochemi- cal oxidation ratios of phenol at BDD/Ti electrodes at elevated temperatures（from 20 ℃ to 80 ℃） were examined by the chemical oxygen demand（COD） of phenol electrolyte during electrolysis. The results show that the COD removal was increased at high temperatures and the optimized temperature for enhancing the electrochemical oxidation ratio of phenol is 60 ℃. The mechanism for the temperature-dependent electrochemical oxidation ratios of phenol at the electrodes was investigated. The study would be favorable for further improving the performance of BDD/Ti elec- trodes, especially working at high temperatures.

An Electrochemical Cleaning Technique for Removal of Surface Contamination before Texturization of Silicon Solar Cells

In order to decrease the consumption of reagents and silicon during removal of surface contamination before silicon texturing in solar cell manufacturing industry, a new low-cost surface treatment approach of electrochemical cleaning technique(ECT) is reported. In this technique, a powerful oxidizing electrolyte was obtained from the electrochemical reaction on Boron-doped Diamond(BDD) electrodes, and applied during removal of surface contaminations on silicon wafer surfaces. The slightly polished monocrystalline silicon surfaces after cleaning were compared with the ones of primal silicon wafers. The measurement results show that ECT is quite efficient in removing NaCl and organic contaminants. After cleaning, the contrast test was conducted for the textured silicon wafers with/without pre-treatment(polish) separately. The results show that the size of pyramids on the surface without traditional polishing process is homogeneous and smaller than 4μm, and the average surface reflectance is much lower in the wavelength range from 400nm to 800nm. Therefore, the new technique can save silicon material, and effectively avoid optical losses for improving photoconversion effect of solar cells.

Electrolytic Production of NF3 Using Boron-Doped Diamond Anode in Molten NH4F·2HF

The current efficiency for NF3 formation was independent on the current density in the range of 200 to 1,000 mA·cm^2. The average values of NF3 current efficiencies on the BDD （boron-doped diamond） anode with the boron-concentration of 2,500 ppm were 32.3% at 80℃, 63.3% at 100℃ and 59.7% at 120℃. The best current efficiencies for NF3 formation on the BDD anode with boron-concentrations of 2,500, 5,000 and 7,500 ppm were obtained at 100℃ and those were 63.3%, 73.3% and 56.2%, respectively. Although anode effect occurred on the BDD electrodes covered with a part of the surface of the spiculate structure, which had the boron-concentrations higher than 7,500 ppm, it did not take place on the BDD electrodes covered with the surface of diamond structure, even if the BDD electrode had the boron-concentration of 8,000 ppm.