Performance Study of a Quadratic Boost Converter

Energy is the driving force behind all economic and industrial development. Africa is the least advanced continent in terms of energy consumption and production. Paradoxically, it is the sunniest continent, which is why our objective is to exploit this energy potential in order to produce and use sufficient energy. To achieve this, we are carrying out a series of studies aimed at developing a device capable of converting solar photovoltaic energy into electrical energy. This device is a two-stage converter, the first of which is a quadratic boost and the second a full bridge. Initially, this paper is devoted to studying the performance of the quadratic boost.

Robust Nonlinear Current Sensorless Control of the Boost Converter with Constant Power Load

The boost converter feeding a constant power load (CPL) is a non-minimum phase system that is prone to the destabilizing effects of the negative incremental resistance of the CPL and presents a major challenge in the design of stabilizing controllers. A PWM-based current-sensorless robust sliding mode controller is developed that requires only the measurement of the output voltage. An extended state observer is developed to estimate a lumped uncertainty signal that comprises the uncertain load power and the input voltage, the converter parasitics, the component uncertainties and the estimation of the derivative of the output voltage needed in the implementation of the controller. A linear sliding surface is used to derive the controller, which is simple in its design and yet exhibits excellent features in terms of robustness to external disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and parasitics despite the absence of the inductor’s current feedback. The robustness of the controller is validated by computer simulations.

Optimized Model Based Controller with Model Plant Mismatch for NMP Mitigation in Boost Converter

In this paper,an optimized Genetic Algorithm(GA)based internal model controller-proportional integral derivative(IMC-PID)controller has been designed for the control variable to output variable transfer function of dc-dc boost converter to mitigate the effect of non-minimum phase(NMP)behavior due to the presence of a right-half plane zero(RHPZ).This RHPZ limits the dynamic performance of the converter and leads to internal instability.The IMC PID is a streamlined counterpart of the standard feedback controller and easily achieves optimal set point and load change performance with a single filter tuning parameterλ.Also,this paper addresses the influences of the model-based controller with model plant mismatch on the closed-loop control.The conventional IMC PID design is realized as an optimization problem with a resilient controller being determined through a genetic algorithm.Computed results suggested that GA–IMC PID coheres to the optimum designs with a fast convergence rate and outperforms conventional IMC PID controllers.

Study on bifurcation and stability of the closed-loop current-programmed boost converters

In order to predict bifurcation point of the closed-loop current-programmed boost converter and enable this converter to operate at stable parameter space, this paper firstly establishes stroboscopic maps for this converter in the continuous conduction mode according to operating characteristics and topple of this converter. Parameter space at the steady state and bifurcation types are analysed together with stability theory of nonlinear equation. In the solving course, the duty cycle is avoided because of inversive solution, and accuracy is increased. Finally, correction is proved by numerical calculation.

Inductor Current Sampled Feedback Control of Chaos in Current-Mode Boost Converter

A chaos control strategy for chaotic current-mode boost converter is presented by using inductor current sampled feedback control technique.The quantitative analysis of control mechanism is performed by establishing a discrete alterative map of the controlled system.The stability criterion,feedback gain,and corresponding critical duty ratio are obtained from the eigenvalue of the map.The simulation results verify the t heoretical analysis results of the control strategy.

Enhancing the Performance of the Marine and Tidal Current Converters Using DC-DC Boost Converter

Due to the highly demand on the renewable energy sources as a free and a clean power resource, extracting energy from unsteady flow using marine and tidal current turbines has a distinct focusing nowadays. For their resource characteristic, extracting energy from marine/tidal current needs a simple and robust converter, which could overcome the drawbacks of the mechanical system such as gearbox and enhance conversion system stability. In this paper a new AC-DC-AC conversion system has been proposed. The new conversion system contains a middle stage DC-DC boost converter, which boost the generated rectified DC voltage higher enough that can enable the PWM inverter to generate the required voltage with the synchronized frequency. In order to investigate the efficient performance of the proposed conversion system especially at low current speed compared to the conventional one, different operating conditions have been studied. Moreover, the effect of including boost converter on the THD （total harmonic distortion） has also been checked. The new conversion system presents its capability to enhance and improve system performance not only with low current speed but also with high current speed.

DC boost converter with buck buffer

For a conventional high-power active power factor correction(APFC)boost converter,its output capacitor needs to be precharged,which means that two power switches of the main circuit and the control circuit are needed to be respectively turned on and turned off in a fixed order.After the main circuit switch is turned on,it is necessary to wait for precharging before turning on the control circuit power switch.Once an inadvertent operation is performed,an overcurrent phenomenon from the output capacitor will occur.In this study,the buck circuit is used as the pre-stage snubber circuit,which can directly supply power to the circuit without precharging the output capacitor.As a result,potential safety hazard caused by the overcurrent due to the capacitor and the charging maloperation during the start-up stage can be avoided.Theoretical analysis and simulation experiment show that the DC boost converter with buck buffer can maintain the peak value of the main circuit within the safe range when the device boot does not precharge the output capacitor,and thus the safety and stable operation of the DC boost converter are ensured.

Dynamical Behavior of V^2C Control Boost Converter

A discrete iterative map model of V^2C control boost converter was established to study the dynamical behaviors of the converter. By using parameter space map and bifurcation diagram, the effects of circuit parameters on the bifurcation behaviors of V^2C control and current-mode control boost converters were analyzed. The phase portraits and time-domain waveforms of the V^2C control boost converter were obtained by Runge-Kutta algorithm through piecewise smooth switching model. The research results indicate that V^2C control boost converters can evolve into periodic and chaotic behaviors, and show weaker nonlinear behaviors than current-mode control boost converters.

Proposal of High Gain, Reduced Stress with Low-Duty-Cycle Two-Input Boost Converter for Renewable Energy Systems

A two-input boost converter with voltage multiplier cell is proposed in this paper. Then a family of two-input converters with and without voltage multiplier cell are derived and their results are compared to achieve high voltage gain, low duty cycle, and reduced voltage stress. From the analysis of different topologies, a modified two-input converter with two-stage voltage multiplier cell has good operating characteristics. The switch voltage stress and duty cycle of the modified converter is significantly very less than that of the other converter topologies. The modified DC-DC converter with 50% duty cycle achieves a voltage gain of 10 and the results are verified by using MATLAB/Simulink software.

Dynamical Analysis of Nonlinear Bifurcation in Current-Controlled Boost Converter

Based on the bifurcation theory in nonlinear dynamics, this paper analyzes quantitatively period solution dynamic characteristic. In particular, the ones of period-1 and period-2 solutions are deeply studied. From locus of Jacobian matrix eigenvalue, we conclude that the bifurcations between period-1 and period-2 solutions are pitchfork bifurcations while the bifurcations between period-2 and period-3 solutions are border collision bifurcations. The double period bifurcation condition is verified from complex plane locus of eigenvalues, furthermore, the necessary condition occurred pitchfork bifurcation is obtained from the cause of border collision bifurcation.

Design and Experimentation of FPGA-Based Soft-Switched Interleaved Boost Converter for Telecommunication System

This paper proposes the design and experimentation of digital control of soft-switched interleaved boost converter using FPGA for Telecommunication System. The switching devices in the proposed converter are turned on and off with Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) respectively. The circuit is operated in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) with various load ranges having duty cycle of more than 50%. The proposed converter is studied by developing the simulation module in MATLAB/SIMULINK. A PI controller is designed and implemented in FPGA to obtain a regulated DC output for line and load variations. Simulation and experimentation results are verified with a prototype development of the proposed converter. The results indicate that the converter performance is enhanced with closed loop control.

Estimation of Boost Converter State-Space Variables Using Fast Output Sampling Method

In this paper a fast output sampling （FOS） estimator is designed for estimation of state-space variables of DC-DC boost converter. Estimated state-space variables are output voltage of the converter and its first derivative, which are suitable for model reference adaptive controllers and sliding mode controllers design. Estimator is designed for operation in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. The simulation results show that proposed FOS estimator provides good estimation of state-space variables despite the voltage ripple caused by high frequency switching in converter and disturbances （change of load and input voltage）.

Output Voltage Ripple (OVR) Reduction of Boost Converter Using Particle Swarm Optimization

KY Boost Converter, a modern invention in the field of non-isolated DC-DC boost converter is identified for minimum voltage ripple. KY boost converter is the com- bination of KY converter and traditional boost converter. Such a converter has con- tinuous input and output inductor current, different from the traditional boost con- verter. And hence this converter is very suitable for very low-ripple applications. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based controller, FUZZY based controller and open loop KY boost converter are designed in MATLAB/Simulink model. The simu- lated results show a reduction in output ripple from 1.18 V of the existing open loop KY boost converter output to 0.54 V in the FUZZY logic controlled converter out- put. Further reduction in output ripple to 0.29 V is achieved in the proposed PSO based converter. The simulated results also show the variation of switching pulses based on the different existing and proposed method.

Analysis and Optimization of Boost Converter Parameters in Internal Model Control for Voltage Source Converter-based AC Microgrids

This paper investigates integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)in microgrids(MGs)through two-stage power conversion structures consisting of DC-DC boost converter and DC-AC voltage source converter(VSC)subsystems.In contrast to existing investigations that treated DC-link voltage as an ideal constant voltage,this paper considers the non-ideal dynamic coupling between both subsystems for completeness and higher accuracy,which introduces additional DC-side dynamics to the VSC.The analysis shows parameters of the boost converter’s power model that impact stability through the DC-link.Carefully selecting these parameters can mitigate this effect on stability and improve dynamic performance across the DC-link.Hence,an optimization framework is developed to facilitate in selecting adequate boost converter parameters in designing a stable voltage source converter-based microgrid(VSC-MG).The developed optimization framework,based on particle swarm optimization,considers dynamic coupling between both subsystems and is also effective in avoiding inadequate boost converter parameters capable of propagating instability through the DC-link to the VSC.Simulations are performed with MATLAB/Simulink to validate theoretical analyses.

Fuel cell stack design and modelling with a double-stage boost converter coupled to a single-phase inverter

A comprehensive proton-exchange membrane fuel cell stack model was developed and integrated with a two-stage DC/DC boost converter.It was directly coupled to a single-phase(two levels-four pulses)inverter without a transformer.The pulse-width modu-lation signal was used to independently regulate every converter phase.The converter was modelled using a MATLAB®/Simulink®environment and an appropriate voltage control method.The analysis features of the suggested circuit were created and,through established experiments,the simulation results were verified.A single-phase(two levels-four pulses)inverter control circuit was tested and it produced a pure sinusoidal waveform with voltage control.It matches the voltage of the network in terms of amplitude and frequency.A sinusoidal pulse-width modulation approach was performed using a single-phase(two levels-four pulses)pulse-width modulation inverter.The results demonstrated an enhancement in the standard of the output wave and tuned the dead time with a reduction of 63μs compared with 180μs in conventional techniques.

Simple digital PWM and PSM controlled DC-DC boost converter for luminance-regulated WLED driver

This article presents a control strategy based on simple digital pulse-width modulation （DPWM） and pulse-skip modulation （PSM） for a DC-DC boost converter, to drive a luminance-regulated white light emitting diodes （WLEDs）. The presented control strategy not only retains most of the advantages and flexibilities of traditional digital PWM, but also reduces complexity and cost. Based on analyzing the principle of the presented control strategy, the white light emitting diode （WLED） driver is designed and simulated using the 0.6 μm CMOS process. Simulation results of the boost converter show that the power efficiency is above 76% for a full load, with a peak efficiency of 88% when supply voltage varies from 2.7 V to 5.5 V. The control strategy overcomes low efficiency for PWM mode with light load.

Principle of designing slope compensation in PFC Boost converter

Due to wide input fluctuation with line frequency of 50 Hz, power-factor-correction （PFC） Boost converters tend to exhibit fast-scale instability over time domain. The traditional remedy is to impose slope compensation so as to weaken or eliminate this instability. A theoretical principle on the implementation of slope compensation signal is still lacking. Empirical design will induce over compensation frequently, resulting in a large decrease of power factor. In order to tackle this issue, by constructing the discrete-time iterative map of the PFC Boost converter from the viewpoint of bifurcation control theory of nonlinear systems, consequently, the criterion of critical stability for the PFC circuit can be established. Based on this stability criterion, appropriate design of slope compensation can be achieved. Our work indicates that 3 main circuit parameters （i.e. switching cycle, output reference voltage and inductor） determine the effective amplitude design of the slope compensation signal. The results, validated by a large quantity of analytical and numerical studies, show that appropriate slope compensation can be effective in weakening （or controlling） fast-scale bifurcation while maintaining a rather high input power factor.

A Double Input-parallel-output-series Hybrid Switched-capacitor Boost Converter

A double input-parallel-output-series hybrid switched-capacitor boost(DIPOS-HSCB)converter is proposed which consists of two different kinds of input-parallel-output-series(IPOS)circuits,i.e.,inner IPOS circuit and outer IPOS circuit.Two boost modules and one switched-capacitor network build an inner IPOS circuit based IPOS-HSCB converter and two IPOS-HSCB converters develop the outer IPOS circuit based DIPOS-HSCB converter.With the proposed DIPOS-HSCB converter,a high voltage-gain with low component stress and small input current ripple are achieved.Furthermore,an automatic current balancing function for all input inductor currents can be also achieved using a special carrier phase-shifted modulation scheme.A prototype rated at 200 V/120 W has been developed and the maximum efficiency of the proposed DIPOS-HSCB converter is 95% at 120 W.Both steady and dynamic results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed DIPOS-HSCB converter.

Design and Optimization of a GaN GIT Based PFC Boost Converter

The advent of GaN power devices brings the possibility of pushing up frequencies of power electronics system beyond the capacity of conventional Si counterparts.To harvest the high frequency operation benefits of GaN technology,not only GaN devices should be used optimally by providing proper switching and conduction conditions to best accommodate parasitic elements inherent with the devices,other components should also be capable of facilitating high frequency operation.In this paper,PFC boost converter is used as a platform to harvest the benefits of GaN technology and,at the same time,to uncover the limitations in pushing power electronics systems up.A 600W PFC boost converter with a maximum switching frequency of 3MHz is designed and implemented,which reached an average efficiency of 98.5%.The results indicate that,when properly used,a GaN PFC boost converter could operate at a frequency that is beyond the reach of conventional Si ones.As well,with availability of GaN devices,high frequency operation of power electronics systems is no longer limited by the lack of switching devices but by practical issues e.g.high frequency magnetic materials,high frequency controllers,etc.

Design of a total-dose radiation hardened monolithic CMOS DC-DC boost converter

This paper presents the design and implementation of a monolithic CMOS DC-DC boost converter that is hardened for total dose radiation.In order to improve its radiation tolerant abilities,circuit-level and device-level RHBD（radiation-hardening by design） techniques were employed.Adaptive slope compensation was used to improve the inherent instability.The H-gate MOS transistors,annular gate MOS transistors and guard rings were applied to reduce the impact of total ionizing dose.A boost converter was fabricated by a standard commercial 0.35μm CMOS process.The hardened design converter can work properly in a wide range of total dose radiation environments,with increasing total dose radiation.The efficiency is not as strongly affected by the total dose radiation and so does the leakage performance.