Preparation of ZrB_2-SiC Powders via Carbothermal Reduction of Zircon and Prediction of Product Composition by Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network

Phase pure ZrB2-SiC composite powders were prepared after 1 450℃/3 h via carbothermal reduction route,by using ZrSiO4,B2O3 and carbon as the raw materials.The influences of firing temperature as well as the type and amount of additive on the phase composition of final products were detailedly investigated.The results indicated that the onset formation temperature of ZrB2-SiC was reduced to 1 400℃by the present conditions,and oxide additive（including CoSO4·7H2O,Y2O3 and TiO2）was effective in enhancing the decomposition of raw ZrSiO4,therefore accelerating the synthesis of ZrB2-SiC.Moreover,microstructural observation showed that the as-prepared ZrB2 and SiC respectively had well-defined hexagonal columnar and fibrous morphology.Furthermore,the methodology of back-propagation artificial neural networks（BP-ANNs）was adopted to establish a model for predicting the reaction extent（e g,the content of ZrB2-SiC in final product）in terms of various processing conditions.The results predicted by the as-established BP-ANNs model matched well with that of testing experiment（with a mean square error in 10^（-3） degree）,verifying good effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

FORCE RIPPLE SUPPRESSION TECHNOLOGY FOR LINEAR MOTORS BASED ON BACK PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK

Various force disturbances influence the thrust force of linear motors when a linear motor （LM） is running. Among all of force disturbances, the force ripple is the dominant while a linear motor runs in low speed. In order to suppress the force ripple, back propagation（BP） neural network is proposed to learn the function of the force ripple of linear motors, and the acquisition method of training samples is proposed based on a disturbance observer. An off-line BP neural network is used mainly because of its high running efficiency and the real-time requirement of the servo control system of a linear motor. By using the function, the force ripple is on-line compensated according to the position of the LM. The experimental results show that the force ripple is effectively suppressed by the compensation of the BP neural network.

PREDICTION OF FLOW STRESS OF HIGH-SPEED STEEL DURING HOT DEFORMATION BY USING BP ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

The hot deformation behavior of TI (18W-4Cr-1V) high-speed steel was investigated by means of continuous compression tests performed on Gleeble 1500 thermomechan- ical simulator in a wide range of tempemtures (950℃-1150℃) with strain rotes of 0.001s-1-10s-1 and true strains of 0-0. 7. The flow stress at the above hot defor- mation conditions is predicted by using BP artificial neural network. The architecture of network includes there are three input parameters:strain rate,temperature T and true strain , and just one output parameter, the flow stress ,2 hidden layers are adopted, the first hidden layer includes 9 neurons and second 10 negroes. It has been verified that BP artificial neural network with 3-9-10-1 architecture can predict flow stress of high-speed steel during hot deformation very well. Compared with the prediction method of flow stress by using Zaped-Holloman parumeter and hyperbolic sine stress function, the prediction method by using BP artificial neurul network has higher efficiency and accuracy.

Surface Quality Evaluation of Fluff Fabric Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Back Propagation Neural Network

Aiming at the problem that back propagation(BP)neural network predicts the low accuracy rate of fluff fabric after fluffing process,a BP neural network model optimized by particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is proposed.The sliced image is obtained by the principle of light-cutting imaging.The fluffy region of the adaptive image segmentation is extracted by the Freeman chain code principle.The upper edge coordinate information of the fabric is subjected to one-dimensional discrete wavelet decomposition to obtain high frequency information and low frequency information.After comparison and analysis,the BP neural network was trained by high frequency information,and the PSO algorithm was used to optimize the BP neural network.The optimized BP neural network has better weights and thresholds.The experimental results show that the accuracy of the optimized BP neural network after applying high-frequency information training is 97.96%,which is 3.79%higher than that of the unoptimized BP neural network,and has higher detection accuracy.

Combinatorial Optimization Based Analog Circuit Fault Diagnosis with Back Propagation Neural Network

Electronic components' reliability has become the key of the complex system mission execution. Analog circuit is an important part of electronic components. Its fault diagnosis is far more challenging than that of digital circuit. Simulations and applications have shown that the methods based on BP neural network are effective in analog circuit fault diagnosis. Aiming at the tolerance of analog circuit,a combinatorial optimization diagnosis scheme was proposed with back propagation( BP) neural network( BPNN).The main contributions of this scheme included two parts:( 1) the random tolerance samples were added into the nominal training samples to establish new training samples,which were used to train the BP neural network based diagnosis model;( 2) the initial weights of the BP neural network were optimized by genetic algorithm( GA) to avoid local minima,and the BP neural network was tuned with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm( LMA) in the local solution space to look for the optimum solution or approximate optimal solutions. The experimental results show preliminarily that the scheme substantially improves the whole learning process approximation and generalization ability,and effectively promotes analog circuit fault diagnosis performance based on BPNN.

Parameter Self - Learning of Generalized Predictive Control Using BP Neural Network

This paper describes the self—adjustment of some tuning-knobs of the generalized predictive controller(GPC).A three feedforward neural network was utilized to on line learn two key tuning-knobs of GPC,and BP algorithm was used for the training of the linking-weights of the neural network.Hence it gets rid of the difficulty of choosing these tuning-knobs manually and provides easier condition for the wide applications of GPC on industrial plants.Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the method.

Structural form selection of the high-rise buildingwith the improved BP neural network

As civil engineering technology development,the structural form selection is more and more critical in design of high-rise buildings.However,structural form selection involves expertise knowledge and changes with the environment which makes the task arduous.An approach utilizing improved back propagation(BP)neural network optimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)algorithm is proposed to extract the main controlling factors of structural form selection.Then,an intelligent expert system with artificial neural network is constructed to design high-rise buildings structure effectively.The experiment tests the model in 15 well-known architecture samples and get the prediction accuracy of 93.33%.The results show that the method is feasible and can help designers select the appropriate structural form.

AGGREGATE VOLUMETRIC ESTIMATION BASED ON PCA AND MOMENTUM-ENHANCED BP NEURAL NETWORK

This paper proposes a Back Propagation (BP) neural network with momentum enhancement aiming to achieving the smooth convergence for aggregate volumetric estimation purpose. Network inputs are first selected by optically measuring the eight geometry-related parameters from the given particle image. To simplify the network structure, principal component analysis technique is applied to reduce the input dimension. The specific network structure is finalized based on both empirical expertise and analysis on selecting the appropriate number of neurons in hidden layer. The network is trained using the finite number of randomly-picked particles. The training and test results suggest that, compared to the generic BP network, the training duration of the proposed neural network is greatly attenuated, the complexity of the network structure is largely reduced, and the estimation precision is within 2%, being sufficiently up to technical satisfaction.

基于GRU-BP算法的高精度动态物流称重系统

针对动态物流秤测量精度对载重、采样频率、带速较为敏感的问题,提出了一种高精度动态物流称重系统。首先,采用三因素五水平正交试验法,结合皮尔逊相关性检验原则,使用低通巴特沃斯与卡尔曼滤波器对传感器压力信号进行了滤波降噪处理,并将加速度信号作为模型输入信号,进行了特征补偿;然后,基于深度学习算法,提出了一种改进的门控循环单元模型,在该模型采样区间内将压力与振动改写为时序化信号,并将其共同输入门控循环单元(GRU)模型;最后,对GRU模型进行了改进,对其结构输出了层堆叠误差反向传播神经网络(BP),有效加强了模型的非线性映射能力。研究结果表明:在各类传动速度及测试货物下,该模型的最大测量误差相对于同类型深度学习模型长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络、循环神经网络(RNN)时序模型及传统数值平均模型的误差,依次降低了16.14%、27.14%、76%,可用于各类称重系统。

基于BSO-BP的船舶油耗预测模型

为解决基于传统反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络的船舶油耗预测模型易陷入极小值和误差较大的问题,提出一种利用头脑风暴优化(brain storm optimization,BSO)算法优化BP神经网络的船舶油耗预测模型(简称BSO-BP模型)。以“维多利亚凯娅”号内河游船为研究对象,将BSO-BP模型的预测结果与采用传统BP神经网络以及模拟退火(simulated annealing,SA)算法、遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)、粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization,PSO)算法优化的BP神经网络的船舶油耗预测模型的预测结果进行对比分析。结果表明:与传统BP神经网络模型的预测结果相比,BSO-BP模型预测结果的可决系数R^(2)提高了0.003 9,均方误差、均方根误差、平均相对误差、平均绝对误差分别降低了0.034 4、0.154 1、0.010 2、0.017 8,说明在船舶油耗预测中BSO算法对BP神经网络的预测精度有显著的提升作用;BSO-BP模型预测结果的各项评价指标在所对比的5种模型中均表现最好,说明与SA算法、GA和PSO算法相比,BSO算法对BP神经网络的提升效果更好。

一种LM-BP加速搜索的周跳探测与修复方法

针对传统三频周跳探测与修复方法中的不敏感、漏检以及效率较低等问题,提出一种基于莱文伯格-马夸特(LM)-反向传播(BP)神经网络加速搜索法的伪距相位组合与电离层残差组合联合周跳探测与修复方法:利用2个伪距相位组合以减少不敏感周跳数量,利用1个电离层残差组合以提高小周跳探测敏感度;在构成3个线性无关的组合观测值后,使用LM-BP加速搜索算法进行周跳探测与修复。实验结果表明,相对常规的伪距相位组合与电离层残差组合联合方法,该方法能够提高周跳探测与修复性能,可探测小至1个的周跳,探测与修复整体时效有较大提升。

基于EMD-AVOA-BP的逆变器故障诊断方法

以CRH3C型动车组逆变器中的绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT,Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)双管开路故障为研究对象,提出了一种基于非洲秃鹫算法(AVOA,African Vultures Optimization Algorithm)和优化的反向传播(BP,Back Propagation)神经网络的逆变器故障诊断方法。在Simulink中搭建列车逆变器的控制模型,取得故障电流;采用经验模态分解(EMD, Empirical Mode Decomposition)对电流信号进行去噪和故障特征提取,再利用AVOA对BP神经网络进行优化,实现了对列车逆变器IGBT双管开路故障的诊断。与传统方法进行对比可知,该方法具有更高的精准度,在测试集中其精准度达到100%。

基于MFO-BP算法的移动机器人定位研究

针对移动机器人定位问题,以自主搭建的复合式机器人为基础,提出一种基于飞蛾火焰优化-反向传播(MFO-BP)算法的移动机器人定位预测方法。将移动机器人视为一个“黑箱”,不单独考虑系统和非系统误差的影响,输入理论坐标值,输出预测坐标值。试验结果表明,MFO-BP算法预测模型能有效进行移动机器人定位预测,并且精度远高于传统反向传播(BP)神经网络预测模型。为了验证模型结构对预测结果的影响,将MFO-BP算法预测模型分为单隐含层和双隐含层这两种。试验结果显示,MFO-BP算法双隐含层与单隐含层相比,前者平均绝对误差更小、误差波动范围也更小、预测误差趋势更平稳。MFO-BP算法双隐含层预测效果更优,可以应用于复合式机器人末端定位。

基于GA-BP网络的数控机床动态误差预测研究

动态误差是高速高精度数控机床的重要误差源,针对实际加工过程中动态误差对工件精度影响较大的问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法优化的反向传播(GA-BP)神经网络以预测动态误差。首先,为了提高神经网络对动态误差的预测精度,从线性特征与非线性特征两方面对动态误差影响因素进行了深入分析,确定了神经网络输入输出参数;然后,采用了遗传算法对BP神经网络进行了优化,建立了动态误差模型,获得了最优网络学习参数,从而实现了对动态跟随误差的精准预测;之后,采用三次样条插值的方法对理想轨迹与实际轨迹之间的轮廓误差进行了计算,有效提高了轮廓误差估算精度;最后,采用了五轴数控机床进行了实验,对模型的有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明:所建神经网络模型可以精准预测机床反向越冲特性对轮廓误差的影响,各轴的动态误差预测精度为±3μm,复杂轨迹轮廓误差预测精度为±1.5μm。实验结果验证了所建模型的可靠性,为后续机床动态误差建模与控制研究提供了一定的参考价值。

基于WPSO-BP和L-MBWO的多翼离心风机优化研究

针对多翼离心风机气动性能、噪声情况难以同时改进的问题,提出了一种基于变权重粒子群优化算法的反向传播神经网络风机性能预测模型(WPSO-BP),以及一种基于逻辑混沌初始化的多目标白鲸优化算法(L-MBWO),并将二者应用于多翼离心风机的优化设计中。首先,选取了叶片进出口角、倾斜蜗舌的最大蜗舌半径、叶片切除角度作为设计变量,把风机的全压、效率、声压级作为优化目标;然后,构建了WPSO-BP预测模型,以反映设计变量与优化目标之间的关系,定量分析对比了该模型与BP神经网络预测模型,预测值用于风机的性能优化;接着,将逻辑混沌初始化引入到白鲸优化算法(BWO),基于第三代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅲ)构建了L-MBWO优化算法;最后,在实验验证仿真可靠的前提下,将提出的预测模型和优化算法应用于风机优化,并对优化效果进行了综合分析。研究结果表明:优化后的风机全压增加了34.79 Pa,效率提高了0.67%,噪声降低了1.73 dB,实现了多个优化目标之间的平衡,有效改善了风机的综合性能,为多翼离心风机的优化设计提供了一种新思路。

改进PSO-BP算法的短期电力负荷预测方法

针对电力负荷的周期性、随机波动性等复杂特点易造成预测精度低等问题,提出一种基于相似日分析、混沌映射优化粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)和BP神经网络相结合的短期电力负荷预测方法。采用乘积法量化气象因素与时间因素间的综合相似度,选出综合相似度高的若干历史日作为相似日集;采用相似日集与非相似日集分别训练PSO-BP模型,相似日集的平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)降低3.9%;利用Sine映射对PSO中粒子的速度和位置进行优化,增强PSO算法的全局搜索能力和寻优精度,采用2个集合分别训练SPSO-BP模型,相似日集的MAPE降低19.4%。结果表明,基于相似日分析和SPSO-BP模型的短期电力负荷预测方法可有效提高电力负荷的预测精度。

Artificial Neural Network and Full Factorial Design Assisted AT-MRAM on Fe Oxides, Organic Materials, and Fe/Mn Oxides in Surficial Sediments

Artificial neural network（ANN） and full factorial design assisted atrazine（AT） multiple regression adsorption model（AT-MRAM） were developed to analyze the adsorption capability of the main components in the surficial sediments（SSs）. Artificial neural network was used to build a model（the determination coefficient square r2 is 0.9977） to describe the process of atrazine adsorption onto SSs, and then to predict responses of the full factorial design. Based on the results of the full factorial design, the interactions of the main components in SSs on AT adsorption were investigated through the analysis of variance（ANOVA）, F-test and t-test. The adsorption capability of the main components in SSs for AT was calculated via a multiple regression adsorption model（MRAM）. The results show that the greatest contribution to the adsorption of AT on a molar basis was attributed to Fe/Mn（–1.993 μmol/mol）. Organic materials（OMs） and Fe oxides in SSs are the important adsorption sites for AT, and the adsorption capabilities are 1.944 and 0.418 μmol/mol, respectively. The interaction among the non-residual components（Fe, Mn oxides and OMs） in SSs interferes in the adsorption of AT that shouldn’t be neglected, revealing the significant contribution of the interaction among non-residual components to controlling the behavior of AT in aquatic environments.

基于GA-BP神经网络的船舶空冷器状态预测

当前船舶空冷器的工作状态主要依靠空冷器冷却后的增压空气温度T_(A2)判断,通常按设定阈值触发报警,存在预警差和精度低等问题。对此,提出一种基于GA-BP(Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation)神经网络的T_(A2)预测方法。利用BP神经网络构建空冷器状态预测模型,通过对比运行过程中T_(A2)实测值与预测值的偏差,及时发现空冷器的异常状态;引入GA解决BP神经网络存在的收敛速度慢和易于陷入局部最优解等问题。为验证基于GA-BP神经网络的预测方法的有效性,选取多组空冷器清洗前后的状态数据进行训练和验证,结果表明该方法能有效识别空冷器的异常状态。

基于Rayleigh-BP模型的压电驱动系统迟滞建模与前馈控制

针对可调谐半导体激光器压电驱动系统的迟滞非线性,提出了一种基于Rayleigh-BP模型的建模及控制方法。利用空间扩展法建立了Rayleigh-BP率相关迟滞模型,该模型实现了对压电驱动系统的率相关迟滞非线性的精准预测;利用逆向算法求解了Rayleigh模型的逆模型,并将该模型与BP神经网络结合,设计了前馈控制器对系统进行补偿;对前馈控制方法进行了仿真与实验验证。结果表明,建立的Rayleigh-BP模型具有较高的精度,在10 Hz时均方根误差仅为0.0469μm。前馈控制方法可以明显提高系统输出的线性度,在40 Hz时仿真结果均方根误差为0.0274μm,线性相关系数R 2为0.99992;在30 Hz时实验结果均方根误差为0.0506μm,线性相关系数R 2达到了0.99955,极大降低了迟滞现象。

基于GWO-BP的震后过渡安置阶段应急物资需求预测

为精准预测地震灾区过渡性安置阶段的物资需求量,提高应急物资筹措的效率和准确性,收集我国历史地震数据信息,确定对转移安置人口数目影响较大的因素,建立基于灰狼优化算法(GWO)和反向传播(BP)神经网络的安置人口预测模型,结合人口与应急物资间的数量关系,对震后过渡性安置阶段的物资需求量进行预测。结果表明:GWO-BP神经网络模型在预测转移安置人口方面,表现出较高的准确率和稳定性,能有效预测灾区安置人口数量,进而推算出相应的物资需求量。GWO-BP神经网络模型在震后过渡安置阶段的物资需求预测方面具有一定的有效性,能为震后应急物资的筹措决策提供参考。