Analysis and prediction of glacier evolution trend(2020-2100)in Northern Xinjiang

Glaciers,as“solid reservoirs”,are precious resources in arid areas.The study of glaciers is of great significance to the sustainable development and management of agriculture and the economy in northern Xinjiang.The area of glacier distribution on the 1963 topographic map data,1975 MSS data,2000 ETM data,2008 CBERS-2 data,2014 and 2018 ETM+were collected as secondary data.According to the remote sensing survey,the glacier areas in Northern Xinjiang are identified during 1963-2018.Based on the evolution of glacier area in the past 55 years,and using two scenarios,the average annual decrease area of a region during the whole 1963-2018 and the period with the minimum reduction area,the glacier areas of Southern Tianshan Mountains,Western Tianshan Mountains,Eastern Tianshan Mountains,the Sawuer Mountains and Altai Mountains in Northern Xinjiang,and the whole northern Xinjiang in 2030,2040,2050,and 2100 are examined and predicted.In 2100,the glacier area in Northern Xinjiang may decrease by 43%-59%.

Ecological migration effects on the Tianchi Scenic Area in Xinjiang:from the perspective of migrant farmer families

As an important approach for relieving conflicts between ecosystems and human activities in the Tianchi Scenic Area, Xinjiang of China, an ecological migration policy was implemented, aiming to improve the regional ecological environment. The case of resettlement was closely related to the smooth implementation of the migration project. Based on the questionnaires and farmer family interviews, both changes in the ecological environment and the living conditions of migrant farmer families in the Tianchi Scenic Area were investigated in this study. The objectives were to assess the benefits of the ecological migration policy and to analyze the effects of ecological migration on migrant farmer families. The results showed that （1） awareness of the need for ecological environmental protection and the types of migrant families had a great influence on the willingness to migration; （2） since the implementation of the ecological migration project, the ecological environment in the Tianchi Scenic Area had improved significantly, particutarly in terms of returning farmland to forestry, while pressures on grassland had also been relieved to some extent; （3） the major income sources and occupations of the migrant farmer families changed, the range of their income sources declined, and their per capita incomes decreased at different degrees; and （4） nearly half of the farmer families were not satisfied with the living environment of new settlements and the decline in the quality of life had significant influences on the attitudes of migrants. In order to ensure the successful implementation of an ecological migration project, it is essential to enhance farmer awareness of needs for ecological environmental protection, and to solve resettlement problems properly.

The Middle Devonian Bimodal Association of Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Area of East Junggar, Xinjiang

The Middle Devonian volcanic rocks in the northern area of East Junggar, located between the Ertix andUlungur rivers of northern Xinjiang, may be divided into basic and acid ones. It is evident that a compositionalgap exists between the two groups so that the volcanic rocks are not in line with a calc-alkaline series becausethe intermediate rocks are absent in the area. The fact shows that the volcanic rocks are a typical bimodal asso-ciation. The formation of the bimodal association of volcanic rocks in the area was closely related to continen-tal rifting or continental extension in the Middle Devonian. In such a tectonic setting, magmas were first pro-duced by partial melting of the mantle. Where crustal thinning was greater, the magmas ascended and eruptedon the surface directly so that the basic volcanic rocks formed, but olivine and/or partial pyroxenefractionation occurred in the magmas during their ascent through the thinning crust. On the other hand, wherecrustal thinning was less, ascending mantle-derived magmas reached the lower crust and accumulated there, re-sulting in partial melting of the lower crust and thus giving rise to the contaminated magma which was consoli-dated as acid volcanic rocks on the surface.

Introduction of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography

1.1 General information Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography (XIEG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), was established on 7 July, 1998, by merging of two previously exist- ing institutes of CAS, namely Institute of Geography

Spatio-temporal pattern and changes of evapotranspiration in arid Central Asia and Xinjiang of China

Accurate inversion of land surface evapotranspiration （ET） in arid areas is of great significance for understanding global eco-hydrological process and exploring the spatio-temporal variation and ecological response of water resources. It is also important in the functional evaluation of regional water cycle and water balance, as well as the rational allocation and management of water resources. This study, based on model validation analysis at varied scales in fiwe Central Asian countries and China＇s Xinjiang, developed an appropriate approach for ET inversion in arid lands. The actual ET during growing seasons of the study area was defined, and the changes in water participating in evaporation in regional water cycle were then educed. The results show the simulation error of SEBS （Surface Energy Balance System） model under cloud amount consideration was 1.34% at 30-m spatial scale, 2.75% at 1-km spatial scale and 6,37% at 4-kin spatial scale. ET inversion for 1980-2007 applying SEBS model in the study area indicates： （1） the evaporation depth （May-September） by land types descends in the order of waters （660.24 ram） 〉 cultivated land （464.66 mm） 〉 woodland （388.44 mm） 〉 urbanized land （168.16 mm） 〉 grassland （160.48 mm） 〉 unused land （83.08 mm）; and （2） ET during the 2005 growing season in Xinjiang and Central Asia was 2,168.68x108 m3 （with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.05） and 9,741.03x108 m3 （with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.4）, respectively. The results unveiled the spatio-temporal variation rules of ET process in arid areas, providing a reference for further research on the water cycle and water balance in similar arid regions.

Mechanism of Formation of Premian Volcanic Rocks in Sawu′er Region, Xinjiang, China: Constraints from Rare Earth Elements

A large quantity of Premian volcanic rocks formed in Sawu＇er region of Xinjiang, China. Based on the analysis of the rare earth elements＇ （REEs） geochemical characteristics of the volcanic rocks, the correlativity of REE and major elements, and diagrams of covariant relation of REE, combined with the research results of the regional geological setting, petrology, and petrochemistry characteristics, it is inferred that the mechanism of the formation of Premian basic and intermediate volcanic rocks is mainly attributed to equilibrium partial melting, and the magmatic fractional crystallization is not significant, whereas the rock-forming processes of medium-acidic volcanic rocks is influenced by both partial melting and fractional crystallization. The REE geochemical research provided important evidence for the mechanism of magmatism of the Premian post-collision stage and the geodynamical evolution process.

Modeling and analyzing supply-demand relationships of water resources in Xinjiang from a perspective of ecosystem services

Water shortage is one bottleneck that limits economic and social developments in arid and semi-arid areas.As the impacts of climate change and human disturbance intensify across time,uncertainties in both water resource supplies and demands increase in arid and semi-arid areas.Taking a typical arid region in China,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,as an example,water yield depth(WYD)and water utilization depth(WUD)from 2002 to 2018 were simulated using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model and socioeconomic data.The supply-demand relationships of water resources were analyzed using the ecosystem service indices including water supply-demand difference(WSDD)and water supply rate(WSR).The internal factors in changes of WYD and WUD were explored using the controlled variable method.The results show that the supplydemand relationships of water resources in Xinjiang were in a slight deficit,but the deficit was alleviated due to increased precipitation and decreased WUD of irrigation.WYD generally experienced an increasing trend,and significant increase mainly occurred in the oasis areas surrounding both the Junggar Basin and Tarim Basin.WUD had a downward trend with a decline of 20.70%,especially in oasis areas.Water resources in most areas of Xinjiang were fully utilized and the utilization efficiency of water resources increased.The water yield module in the InVEST model was calibrated and validated using gauging station data in Xinjiang,and the result shows that the use of satellite-based water storage data helped to decrease the bias error of the InVEST model by 0.69×10^(8)m^(3).This study analyzed water resource supplies and demands from a perspective of ecosystem services,which expanded the scope of the application of ecosystem services and increased the research perspective of water resource evaluation.The results could provide guidance for water resource management such as spatial allocation and structural optimization of water resources in arid and semi-arid areas.

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Extreme Climate Events in Xinjiang, China during 1961-2010

Daily maximum/minimum temperature and precipitation data from 35 weather stations in Xinjiang during 1961-2010 were examined using kriging spatial analysis, linear tendency estimation, and correlation analysis. Temporal trends and spatial distribution patterns of extreme temperature and precipitation in this area were then analyzed using 12 extreme temperature and 7 extreme precipitation indices. The following results were obtained. 1) Over the past 50 years, extreme cold indices, excepting the monthly maximum temperature minimum value and monthly extreme minimum temperature, showed slight decreasing trends. These indices include the maximum number of consecutive frost days, icy days, cold-nighttime days, and cold-daytime days. 2) Extreme warm events generally showed significant increasing trends (P < 0.01), including the indices of summertime days, warm-nighttime days, warm-daytime days, monthly extreme maximum temperature, and monthly minimum temperature maximum value. 3) The spatial distributions of threshold values of extreme warm and cold events showed notable regional differences. A reducing trend of extreme cold events and an increase in extreme warm events has occurred mainly in northern Xinjiang. 4) For the past 50 years, six extreme precipitation indices, aside from consecutive dry days, showed significant increasing trends in Xinjiang (P < 0.05) and notable differences in spatial distribution. The increase in extreme precipitation events was more rapid at northern than at southern sites. Extreme precipitation intensity was greater in mountainous areas, and precipitation frequency increased in the plain region. 5) Factor analysis revealed good correlations among extreme temperature indices, excepting extreme temperature days.

The geochemical characteristics,geochronology and tectonic significance of the Carboniferous volcanic rocks of the Santanghu area in northeastern Xinjiang,China

The Santanghu area is located on the northeastern margin of the Junggar Basin,northern Xinjiang,Northwest China.The Carboniferous volcanic rocks in this area are widely distributed in Kaokesaiergaishan,Santanghu,Daheishan and Naomaohu districts,which are located to the north of the Kalameili Fault.These rocks,sourced from a cognate magma,consist of basic,intermediate,and acidic lavas,and pyroclastic rock.The basic volcanic rocks are enriched with large-ion lithophile elements(LILE),but are relatively depleted in high field strength elements(HFSE),and have an obvious negative Nb-Ta-Ti anomaly.They were most probably derived from a depleted mantle source,and during their ascent,these magmas were not contaminated by the crustal material as they underwent magma crystallization differentiation.Based on the Carboniferous volcanic assemblage and geochemical data,it is apparent that the early Carboniferous volcanism occurred in a subduction-related tectonic setting.New LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses constrain the age of the andesite within the volcanic rocks as the early Carboniferous(328.9-331.3 Ma).Combined with the regional geological record,comprehensive analysis of the isotope geochronological data indicates that the subduction of the Junggar Ocean predates the early Carboniferous,and that the Santanghu island arc magmatism was induced by the subduction of the Junggar Ocean in the Carboniferous.

HPV Infection among Uygur Women in a Rural Area of Hetian Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

It is not clear how HPV infection is prevalent among Uygur women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China and whether the distribution of HPV infection is related with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN） incidence among them. A study including 883 Uygur women were conducted from 2006 to 2007 in Hetian Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

新疆北部不同区域暖区暴雪过程水汽特征分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,主要运用HYSPLIT(拉格朗日后向轨迹)方法模拟追踪了1980-2020年冬季新疆北部27次暖区暴雪天气水汽特征,分析不同源地水汽源-汇关系及其对暴雪的贡献。结果表明,500 hPa主要水汽源地为格陵兰岛和大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近,对阿勒泰地区暴雪贡献最大的水汽源头是大西洋及其沿岸附近,塔额盆地为地中海和黑海及其附近,沿途损失均较大;700 hPa主要为北欧、大西洋及其沿岸附近、地中海和黑海及其附近,对阿勒泰地区暴雪贡献最大的是地中海和黑海及其附近,塔额盆地是北欧,沿途损失最大前者是地中海和黑海及其附近,后者为大西洋及其沿岸;850 hPa上主要为中亚、地中海和黑海及其附近,前者对暴雪的贡献最大,到达暴雪区后增加较多。各源地水汽随西风气流达到关键区后,主要从偏西(西南)和西北两条路径输入暴雪区,前者占主导地位;对流层低层阿勒泰地区较塔额盆地水汽源地和路径更复杂。基于上述分析,构建了暖区暴雪水汽来源及路径的贡献模型,对阿勒泰地区、塔额盆地各层水汽贡献进行了细致的描述。

航空高光谱遥感技术在铀矿找矿中的典型应用——以新疆雪米斯坦地区为例

高光谱遥感技术是地质矿产勘查领域的重要新技术、新方法。近些年,航空高光谱遥感技术及其在铀矿找矿中的应用得到核地质系统的重视并开展深入研究。在分析前人铀矿找矿思路基础上,阐述了CASI/SASI航空高光谱遥感技术在新疆雪米斯坦地区的铀矿找矿新思路及其典型应用效果。首先深入剖析了白杨河铀矿床及其周围的航空高光谱遥感特征,识别了铀矿床产出的区域热液活动中心、铀成矿高铝绢云母蚀变等区域找矿关键要素,提出“区域热液活动中心识别-铀矿化航空高光谱蚀变组合发育地段确定-蚀变、构造、有利岩性等要素复合地段优选”的航空高光谱遥感铀矿找矿新思路;然后根据全区的航空高光谱遥感信息进行了找矿远景区筛选和野外查证,新发现了铀矿化异常。新发现的铀矿化异常地段航空高光谱遥感特征明显,地表铀异常显著,控矿断裂构造发育,地质环境有利,铀矿找矿前景良好。其是笔者对如何充分挖掘高光谱遥感铀矿找矿信息,提升高光谱遥感技术更好服务铀矿找矿应用效果的深入思考与探索,也是在地表岩石裸露程度良好的地区利用高光谱遥感技术直接寻找热液型矿产的良好例证,希冀为广大地质工作者开展找矿方法创新和应用提供参考。

新疆巴楚地区负异常特征分析

新疆巴楚地区处于塔里木盆地中央隆起西北部巴楚隆起区,属于塔里木大火成岩省,该区地表大部分被第四系覆盖,在巴楚县盐场附近有地层和岩体出露。瓦吉里塔格钒钛磁铁矿区坐落于此,磁铁矿体赋存于著名的超基性—碱性杂岩体中。在20世纪50年代,中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心在塔里木盆地地区进行航空磁力测量时首次发现了该异常;后经地面查证.

气体地球化学勘查在巴—麦地区砂岩型铀矿找矿中的应用

塔里木盆地内部砂岩型铀矿找矿十分迫切。针对该盆地地质构造相对复杂、沉积地层厚度大、勘查手段受到沙漠-荒漠地貌的限制、勘查程度较低和地表成矿信息弱的特点,在巴楚隆起—麦盖提斜坡带地区(巴—麦地区)开展能指示深部地层环境的H_(2)S、CH_(4)、H_(2)、CO_(2)和4He气体地球化学区域测量研究。结果表明,几种土壤气体浓度能够较为清晰地显示各自异常分布范围,并指示盆地地层中可能的铀异常信息,气体地球化学测量方法是一种相对高效的盆地区域地表勘查方法。在综合测区断裂分布、油气藏、水文等地质条件和气体化学反应性质的基础上,分析气体浓度异常成因及分布综合特征,测区东北部、东南部及色力布亚断裂和巴什托断裂所夹持部分地段具有几种气体组份浓度异常叠加,地层中可能发育氧化-还原地球化学障,是有利的找矿预测区,为该地区砂岩型铀矿勘查提供参考依据。

新疆地区成人下颌骨副孔解剖位置的CBCT研究

目的:应用锥形束CT对新疆地区维吾尔族和汉族成年人下颌骨副孔解剖位置进行回顾性研究,为临床操作提供理论参考。方法:选取2020年1月-2021年12月在新疆医科大学第五附属医院口腔科就诊的300例维吾尔族和汉族成年人CBCT影像资料,对下颌骨进行分区,获得各副孔的相应位置、直径及其到牙槽嵴顶的距离,分析性别、民族、年龄与副孔发生情况的关系。结果:300例成年人的影像中共找出1361个副孔,维吾尔族686个,汉族675个,副孔发生率100%,人均(4.54±1.58)个。在舌侧前部发生率最高,维吾尔族为85.7%,汉族为81.9%,副孔的发生与性别、民族、年龄差异无统计学意义。维吾尔族副孔的直径为(0.79±0.23)mm,汉族为(0.70±0.19)mm,维吾尔族中副孔直径≥1 mm占15.74%,汉族中副孔直径≥1 mm占13.48%,直径比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。维吾尔族副孔到牙槽嵴顶的距离为(12.65±9.35)mm,汉族为(13.15±8.01)mm,差异无统计学意义(P=0.058)。在副孔高发的舌侧前部区域,颏嵴上和颏嵴下差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:新疆地区成年人群中均存在副孔现象,术前应仔细核对CBCT影像,术中避免损伤副孔结构,减少并发症的发生。

不同气象干旱指数在北疆绿洲农业区适用性分析

选取北疆绿洲农业区11个气象站1961—2020年的数据,按月尺度计算降水距平百分率(PA)、标准化降水指数(SPI)、标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)、K指数和气象干旱综合指数(MCI)5种干旱指数,通过比较这些指数的相关性、不同等级的干旱发生频率以及在典型干旱年份的识别能力,分析各指数在该区域的适用性。结果表明,PA和SPI对降水亏缺有敏感的反应,但对温度的关联较弱,未充分考虑增温对干旱的影响;MCI与温度和降水的关联均较弱,倾向于低估重旱和特旱;SPEI和K指数与温度和降水均有较好的关联,但K指数过多地报告中度至重度干旱,而SPEI则全面考虑了温度和降水对干旱的综合影响,其结果更符合实际情况。由于SPEI计算蒸散发采用的Thornthwaite方法可能高估了温度对干旱的影响,在降水显著偏少、温度偏差较小的情况下,SPI的监测结果可能比SPEI更为严重,因此,建议结合SPI使用,以弥补这一不足。

二十世纪五六十年代湖北青壮年支援新疆建设述略

二十世纪五六十年代,湖北支边青壮年响应国家号召,支援新疆社会主义建设。经过宣传动员、审核批准、分配安置和教育巩固等工作,先后有94421名支边青壮年和21757名家属进疆,他们不仅是新疆工农业战线上的生力军,而且带来了先进的生产经验和科学技术,增进了各民族的交往交流交融。这不仅为新时期做好对口援疆工作提供重要的借鉴,而且为现实维度的铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供了可感知的示范价值和鲜活案例。

新疆西昆仑509道班西锂矿伟晶岩石英变形特征、温度及其对伟晶岩就位的约束

509道班西锂矿床是西昆仑造山带新近发现的大型伟晶岩型锂多金属矿床。作为区内典型的花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床,509道班西锂矿的成矿机制和伟晶岩演化过程对认识整个西昆仑成矿带的成矿作用具有重要意义。作为花岗伟晶岩中的重要矿物,石英是追踪伟晶岩成矿作用过程的理想对象。509道班西矿床的花岗伟晶岩普遍发育强烈的糜棱岩化作用,具有典型的韧性变形特征,通过对糜棱岩化伟晶岩脉进行变形组构分析、石英包裹体测温和石英Ti温度计计算,揭示了与伟晶岩就位相关的大陆地壳变形过程中流体的热力学演化过程,并探讨了韧性变形对区域找矿的启示意义。糜棱岩化伟晶岩中锂辉石、斜长石等矿物主要以脆性破裂为主,具有刚体变形的特征;石英主要发育膨凸重结晶现象,细小的新晶体在较大的石英条带边部形成,可见石英残斑,并具有亚颗粒旋转现象,部分发育核幔构造;白云母普遍变形成云母鱼。石英包裹体、锂辉石和石英的变形特征等微观结构证据表明,糜棱岩化伟晶岩的变形温度为300~400℃,石英Ti温度计得出的变形温度为371~398℃和351~377℃。伟晶岩中石英包裹体的均一温度平均为260~283℃,可能记录了石英变形晚阶段的温度。研究表明,509道班西地区的伟晶岩在侵位过程中经历了一期强烈的低温、高应变速率的韧性变形,伟晶岩就位是快速冷却过程的产物,在高应力和较低温度条件下,动态重结晶(GBM)导致的晶粒粒径减小严重改变了岩石的流变学性质;从~400℃到~260℃的超冷却过程(ΔT=±140℃)中,造成伟晶岩中矿物结晶新核迅速减少,更有利于形成粗大的石英等矿物颗粒,形成伟晶岩脉所有显著特征和独特的岩石结构和矿物组合的空间分带,超冷却在伟晶岩就位过程中具有重要的作用。

基于远程血压网络系统的新疆塔城地区托里县居民非杓型血压特点及影响因素

目的探讨新疆塔城地区托里县居民非杓型血压(non-dipping blood pressure,NDBP)的特点及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析托里县1547例患者的动态血压监测结果,并据此将他们分为杓型组及非杓型组,其中杓型组363例(男150例、女213例),非杓型组1184例(男456例、女728例)。比较两组患者的性别、年龄、24hSBP、24hDBP、24hMAP、24hHR、dSBP、dDBP、dMAP、dHR、nSBP、nDBP、nMAP、nHR等相关指标。利用ROC曲线评估24hMAP、nSBP、nMAP预测NDBP的效能。结果两组患者年龄、24hSBP、24hMAP、nSBP、nDBP、nMAP及nHR差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,nSBP(OR=1.313,95%CI 1.232~1.400,P<0.01)、nMAP(OR=1.302,95%CI 1.249~1.356,P<0.01)是发生NDBP的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,24hMAP、nSBP和nMAP的AUC分别为0.537、0.726和0.769。结论NDBP与24hMAP、nSBP及nMAP水平密切相关,nMAP对NDBP有较高的诊断效能。利用动态血压监测来诊断NDBP简便、易操作,对临床早期诊断及治疗NDBP具有重要临床价值。

1989-2021年蒙新高原湖泊时空特征及驱动力分析

内陆湖泊是水资源系统的重要组成部分,不仅在维系区域生态平衡方面具有重要意义,还可作为气候变化和人类活动的指示器。本研究基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)遥感云平台,以JRC(JRC Global Surface Water)水体数据为主要数据源,运用皮尔逊相关分析和时空地理加权回归模型等方法研究1989-2021年蒙新高原湖区湖泊数量和面积的时空动态变化特征,并定量分析蒙新高原湖泊变化的主要原因。结果表明:近33 a来,蒙新高原湖泊数量和面积整体上显著增加,小型湖泊(1~10 km^(2))的面积和数量占比最大且增加最为显著,其次是中型湖泊(10~100 km^(2))和大型湖泊(>100 km^(2))。在所有海拔带中,湖泊普遍呈现扩张的趋势,其中低海拔地区(DEM<1000 m)的湖泊扩张最为显著。与低海拔地区相比,高海拔地区(DEM≥1500 m)湖泊的变化受温度和降水影响显著,且在不同垂直地带上表现出一致性;湖区内14个流域的湖泊发生扩张,其中8个流域扩张显著,强烈的人类活动加之气候变化的影响,东部的额尔古纳河流域和内蒙古高原内陆河流域的湖泊明显萎缩。掌握蒙新高原湖泊时空变化特征及相关原因,可为我国干旱半干旱区乃至全球气候变化和水资源保护提供理论参考。