Objective:To explore the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta） leaf extract and Bacillus sphaericus（B.sphaericus） against the malarial vector.Anopheles siephensi（An. stephensi）.Methods:Th...Objective:To explore the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta） leaf extract and Bacillus sphaericus（B.sphaericus） against the malarial vector.Anopheles siephensi（An. stephensi）.Methods:The larvicidal and pupicidal activity was assayed against An.stephensi at various concentrations ranging from（75-375 ppm） under the laboratory as well as field conditions. The LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> value of the E.hirta leaf extract was determined by probit analysis.Results: The plant extract showed larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure;however,the highest larval mortality was found in the methanol extract of E.hirta against the first to fourth instars larvae and pupae of values LC<sub>50</sub>=137.40,172.65,217.81,269.37 and 332.39 ppm;B.sphaericus against the first to fourth instars larvae and pupae of values LC<sub>50</sub>= 44.29,55.83,68.51,82.19 and 95.55 ppm, respectively.Moreover,combined treatment of values of LC<sub>50</sub>= 79.13,80.42,86.01,93.00 and 98.12 ppm,respectively.No mortality was observed in the control.Conclusions:These results suggest methanol leaf extracts of E.hirta and B.sphaericus have potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the malarial vector.An.stephensi as target species of vector control programs.This study provides the first report on the combined mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity of this plant crude extract and bacterial toxin against An.stephensi mosquitoes.展开更多
The present study was taken up with a view to ascertain the possibility of introduction of alcohol resistant bacteria in vitro through the aseptically raised watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings in the backdrop of...The present study was taken up with a view to ascertain the possibility of introduction of alcohol resistant bacteria in vitro through the aseptically raised watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings in the backdrop of isolating such organisms from micropropagated watermelon stocks. Watermelon cv. Arka Manik seedlings grown in vitro from surface-sterilized seeds with the intact seed coat on MS medium appeared visibly clean largely, but upon subjecting them to tissue-indexing, the segments from the collar or root tissue showed bacterial colony growth on Nutrient Agar (NA) from 72% of such healthy seedlings and the cotyledon and hypocotyl tissue of 44% seedlings. The pooled colony growth from NA upon challenge with 90% alcohol yielded 10 distinct colony types, identified as B. pumilus (4×), B. subtilis (4×), B. cereus (1×) or B. safensis (1×) based on partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The shoot-tip tissue from the healthy index-negative seedlings cultured on watermelon proliferation medium partly turned index-positive within 2 - 4 sub-culture cycles while being apparently clean. On the other hand, those from the previously index-positive cultures tended to show obvious bacterial growth during subsequent in vitro culturing. The observations suggested the possibility of introduction of spore-forming Bacillus spp. through surface-sterilized seeds, their gradual emergence in vitro in visibly clean seedlings, possible transmittal of spores to the alcohol through tissue-culturing tools and the survival therein with the chances of unsuspected lateral spread. Seed coat removal followed by surface sterilization with sodium hypochlorite facilitated the raising of clean seedlings with no detectable bacterial association.展开更多
Objective: To isolate, characterize and evaluate toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus(B. sphaericus) from beach area of Lombok Island.Methods: Soil was collected from determined locations and suspended in sterile physiolog...Objective: To isolate, characterize and evaluate toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus(B. sphaericus) from beach area of Lombok Island.Methods: Soil was collected from determined locations and suspended in sterile physiological saline water. After heat shock was applied, suspension was spread on NYSM agar medium. Colonies grown were then observed and isolated. Colony, cell morphology,and biochemical/physiological characteristics were tested and compared to B. sphaericus2362 as standard. Initial toxicity testing was done against three species of mosquito larvae(Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles aconitus and Aedes aegypti) and isolates that showed more than 50% larvae killing will be assayed to obtain LC_(50) and LC_(90)values within 48 h.PCR technique were conducted to obtain 16 s r DNA amplicon for sequencing and to detect toxin-expressing genes(using multiplex PCR).Results: Twenty isolates of B. sphaericus have been collected from 20 determined locations and their characteristics were in agreement with standard B. sphaericus characteristics. Bioassay testing showed that four isolates(namely isolate MNT, SLG, TJL2 and PLG) were mildly toxic against all larvae. The rests were either low toxic or non-toxic at all.Phylogenetic analysis showed that all four isolates were clustered with other known mildly and highly toxic strains. The multiplex PCR result showed four toxic isolates owned 1–2bands from Bin toxin genes and three bands from Mtx toxin genes, whereas 16 isolates with low to non-toxic characteristics showed only three bands from Mtx toxin genes.Conclusions: Four toxic isolates of B. sphaericus were isolated from beach area of Lombok Island. They showed mild toxicity against larvae of three mosquito species.展开更多
Most of marine sponges harbor dense and diverse microbial communities of bioactivity importance. Four Gram positive bacterial cultures (HA-21, HA-68, HA- MS-105 and HA-MS-119) were isolated from the sponge Amphimedon ...Most of marine sponges harbor dense and diverse microbial communities of bioactivity importance. Four Gram positive bacterial cultures (HA-21, HA-68, HA- MS-105 and HA-MS-119) were isolated from the sponge Amphimedon ochracea, collected from the Red Sea coast of Egypt. Bacterial species were identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of their 16S rDNA genes. The Sequences similarity values of 98% - 100% to other strains in the NCBI database showed strong similarities with the 16S rDNA genes of firmicutes (Bacillus sp.). The four bacterial species were submitted to the GenBank database and had accession numbers of: HA-21 [JQ-768238];HA-68 [JQ751264];HA-MS-105 [JQ768239];HAMS-119 [JQ768240]. The cytotoxic activities of the bacterial isolates were tested against three established human cancer cell lines;HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT (colon carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma). The inhibitory effect on these cell lines, measured by MTT cell assay protocol, revealed promising cytotoxic activity of the four isolates (IC50 values (μg/mL) were: HA-21: 13.2, 9.3 and 12.2;HA-68: 10.42, 4.3 and 5.5;HA-MS-105: 46.9, 28.6 and 21.3;HAMS-119: 10.42, 6.3 and 22.1;respectively). The recovery of bacterial strains with cytotoxic activity suggests that marine invertebrates remain a rich source for the isolation of culturable isolates capable of producing novel bioactive secondary metabolites.展开更多
A newly isolated strain EL31410, producing elastase (E.C3.4.4.7) with h igh elastolytic activity was identified as Bacillus sp. In the medium opt imizat ion, it was found that wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate we...A newly isolated strain EL31410, producing elastase (E.C3.4.4.7) with h igh elastolytic activity was identified as Bacillus sp. In the medium opt imizat ion, it was found that wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate were the best crud e carbon and nitrogen source for enzyme production, respectively. Addition of co rn steep flour can affect the bacterium growth and elastase production. A fracti onal factorial design was applied to study the main factors that affect the enzy me production, and central composite experimental design and response surface me thodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for the effect of wheat bra n and soybean flour hydrosate on elastase production. The experimental results s howed that wheat bran had positive effect but soybean flour hydrosate had neg ative effect, on enzyme production. An initial concentration of 3.4%(w/v) wh eat b ran and 9.4%(v/v) soybean flour hydrosate were found to be optimal for enzyme pr oduction in batch culture. The time course of elastase production in the optimiz ed medium composition was also described.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo conditions.Methods: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolat...Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo conditions.Methods: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r RNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by triplicate.Results: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1 in neither the supernatants nor digesta samples evaluated by highperformance liquid chromatography with l uorescence detection between positive control or DFM treated groups. Conclusions: In vitro digestion time was not enough to confirm biodegradation of AFB1. Further studies to evaluate the possible biodegradation ef ects of the BacillusDFM when continuously administered in experimentally contaminated feed with AFB1, are in progress.展开更多
An efficient culture medium producing a bacterial elastase with high yields was developed further following preliminary studies by means of response surface method. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface ...An efficient culture medium producing a bacterial elastase with high yields was developed further following preliminary studies by means of response surface method. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface method-ology were applied to optimize the medium constituents. A central composite design was used to explain the combined effect of three medium constituents, viz, glucose, K2HPO4, MgSO47H2O. The strain produced more elastase in the completely optimized medium, as compared with the partially optimized medium. The fitted model of the second model, as per RSM, showed that glucose was 7.4 g/100 ml, casein 1.13 g/100 ml, corn steep flour 0.616 g/100 ml, K2HPO4 0.206 g/100 ml and MgSO47H2O 0.034 g/100 ml. The fermentation kinetics of these two culture media in the flask experiments were analyzed. It was found that the highest elastase productivity occurred at 54 hours. Higher glucose concentration had inhibitory effect on elastase production. At the same time, we observed that the glucose consumption rate was slow in the completely optimized medium, which can explain the lag period of the highest elastase production. Some metal ions and surfactant additives also affected elastase production and cell growth.展开更多
Objective:To characterize the pharmacological importance of biosurfactants isolated from halophilic Bacillus sp BS3.Methods:Halophilic Bacillus sp.BS3 was isolated from solar salt works,identified by 16S rRNA sequenci...Objective:To characterize the pharmacological importance of biosurfactants isolated from halophilic Bacillus sp BS3.Methods:Halophilic Bacillus sp.BS3 was isolated from solar salt works,identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and was used for screening their biosurfactant production.Characters of the biosurfactant and their anticancer activity were analyzed and performed in mammary epithelial carcinoma cell at different concentrations.Results:The biosurfactant were characterized by TLC,FTIR and GC-MS analysis and identified as lipopeptide type.GC-MS analysis revealed that,the biosurfactant had various compounds including 13Docosenamide.(Z);Mannosamine,9- and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl.Surprisingly the antiviral activity was found against shrimp white spot syndrome virus(WSSV) by suppressing the viral replication and significantly raised shrimp survival(P<0.01).Anticancer activity performed in the mammary epithelial carcinoma cell at different concentrations of biosurfactants,among the various concentrations of biosurfactants such as 0.000 25,0.002 5,0.025,0.25 and 2.5 μ g,the 0.25 μ g concentration suppressed the cells significantly(P<0.05) to 24.8%.Conclusions:Based on the findings,the present study concluded that,there is a possibility to develop eco-friendly antimicrobial and anticancer drugs from the extremophilic origin.展开更多
A chromate-removing strain was isolated from spent chrome effluent and identified as Bacillus circulans strain MN1. The isolated strain was studied for resistance to Cr (VI) and its ability to remove Cr (VI). The stra...A chromate-removing strain was isolated from spent chrome effluent and identified as Bacillus circulans strain MN1. The isolated strain was studied for resistance to Cr (VI) and its ability to remove Cr (VI). The strain was found to tolerate Cr (VI) concentration as high as 4500 mg/L, but the cells growth was heavily influenced when initial Cr (VI) concentration was increased between 1110 mg/L and 4500 mg/L while Cr(VI) at 500 mg/L to 1110 mg/L did not suppressed the cells growth. The experiments also demonstrated that the cells removed toxic Cr (VI) more efficiently at 30?C compared with that at 25?C and 35?C. The optimum initial pH for Cr (VI) removal was 5.6 and final pH values of 5.1-5.6 were observed for initial pH 5.2-5.7.展开更多
基金Defence Research & Development Organisation-Life Sciences Research Board, Ministry of Defence,Govt.of India,New Delhi,for providing financial support for the present work
文摘Objective:To explore the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta） leaf extract and Bacillus sphaericus（B.sphaericus） against the malarial vector.Anopheles siephensi（An. stephensi）.Methods:The larvicidal and pupicidal activity was assayed against An.stephensi at various concentrations ranging from（75-375 ppm） under the laboratory as well as field conditions. The LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> value of the E.hirta leaf extract was determined by probit analysis.Results: The plant extract showed larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure;however,the highest larval mortality was found in the methanol extract of E.hirta against the first to fourth instars larvae and pupae of values LC<sub>50</sub>=137.40,172.65,217.81,269.37 and 332.39 ppm;B.sphaericus against the first to fourth instars larvae and pupae of values LC<sub>50</sub>= 44.29,55.83,68.51,82.19 and 95.55 ppm, respectively.Moreover,combined treatment of values of LC<sub>50</sub>= 79.13,80.42,86.01,93.00 and 98.12 ppm,respectively.No mortality was observed in the control.Conclusions:These results suggest methanol leaf extracts of E.hirta and B.sphaericus have potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the malarial vector.An.stephensi as target species of vector control programs.This study provides the first report on the combined mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity of this plant crude extract and bacterial toxin against An.stephensi mosquitoes.
文摘The present study was taken up with a view to ascertain the possibility of introduction of alcohol resistant bacteria in vitro through the aseptically raised watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings in the backdrop of isolating such organisms from micropropagated watermelon stocks. Watermelon cv. Arka Manik seedlings grown in vitro from surface-sterilized seeds with the intact seed coat on MS medium appeared visibly clean largely, but upon subjecting them to tissue-indexing, the segments from the collar or root tissue showed bacterial colony growth on Nutrient Agar (NA) from 72% of such healthy seedlings and the cotyledon and hypocotyl tissue of 44% seedlings. The pooled colony growth from NA upon challenge with 90% alcohol yielded 10 distinct colony types, identified as B. pumilus (4×), B. subtilis (4×), B. cereus (1×) or B. safensis (1×) based on partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The shoot-tip tissue from the healthy index-negative seedlings cultured on watermelon proliferation medium partly turned index-positive within 2 - 4 sub-culture cycles while being apparently clean. On the other hand, those from the previously index-positive cultures tended to show obvious bacterial growth during subsequent in vitro culturing. The observations suggested the possibility of introduction of spore-forming Bacillus spp. through surface-sterilized seeds, their gradual emergence in vitro in visibly clean seedlings, possible transmittal of spores to the alcohol through tissue-culturing tools and the survival therein with the chances of unsuspected lateral spread. Seed coat removal followed by surface sterilization with sodium hypochlorite facilitated the raising of clean seedlings with no detectable bacterial association.
基金Supported by Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia,Directorate General of Higher Education(DGHE)scholarship batch 2012(Grant No.2625/E4.4/2012)
文摘Objective: To isolate, characterize and evaluate toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus(B. sphaericus) from beach area of Lombok Island.Methods: Soil was collected from determined locations and suspended in sterile physiological saline water. After heat shock was applied, suspension was spread on NYSM agar medium. Colonies grown were then observed and isolated. Colony, cell morphology,and biochemical/physiological characteristics were tested and compared to B. sphaericus2362 as standard. Initial toxicity testing was done against three species of mosquito larvae(Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles aconitus and Aedes aegypti) and isolates that showed more than 50% larvae killing will be assayed to obtain LC_(50) and LC_(90)values within 48 h.PCR technique were conducted to obtain 16 s r DNA amplicon for sequencing and to detect toxin-expressing genes(using multiplex PCR).Results: Twenty isolates of B. sphaericus have been collected from 20 determined locations and their characteristics were in agreement with standard B. sphaericus characteristics. Bioassay testing showed that four isolates(namely isolate MNT, SLG, TJL2 and PLG) were mildly toxic against all larvae. The rests were either low toxic or non-toxic at all.Phylogenetic analysis showed that all four isolates were clustered with other known mildly and highly toxic strains. The multiplex PCR result showed four toxic isolates owned 1–2bands from Bin toxin genes and three bands from Mtx toxin genes, whereas 16 isolates with low to non-toxic characteristics showed only three bands from Mtx toxin genes.Conclusions: Four toxic isolates of B. sphaericus were isolated from beach area of Lombok Island. They showed mild toxicity against larvae of three mosquito species.
文摘Most of marine sponges harbor dense and diverse microbial communities of bioactivity importance. Four Gram positive bacterial cultures (HA-21, HA-68, HA- MS-105 and HA-MS-119) were isolated from the sponge Amphimedon ochracea, collected from the Red Sea coast of Egypt. Bacterial species were identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of their 16S rDNA genes. The Sequences similarity values of 98% - 100% to other strains in the NCBI database showed strong similarities with the 16S rDNA genes of firmicutes (Bacillus sp.). The four bacterial species were submitted to the GenBank database and had accession numbers of: HA-21 [JQ-768238];HA-68 [JQ751264];HA-MS-105 [JQ768239];HAMS-119 [JQ768240]. The cytotoxic activities of the bacterial isolates were tested against three established human cancer cell lines;HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT (colon carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma). The inhibitory effect on these cell lines, measured by MTT cell assay protocol, revealed promising cytotoxic activity of the four isolates (IC50 values (μg/mL) were: HA-21: 13.2, 9.3 and 12.2;HA-68: 10.42, 4.3 and 5.5;HA-MS-105: 46.9, 28.6 and 21.3;HAMS-119: 10.42, 6.3 and 22.1;respectively). The recovery of bacterial strains with cytotoxic activity suggests that marine invertebrates remain a rich source for the isolation of culturable isolates capable of producing novel bioactive secondary metabolites.
文摘A newly isolated strain EL31410, producing elastase (E.C3.4.4.7) with h igh elastolytic activity was identified as Bacillus sp. In the medium opt imizat ion, it was found that wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate were the best crud e carbon and nitrogen source for enzyme production, respectively. Addition of co rn steep flour can affect the bacterium growth and elastase production. A fracti onal factorial design was applied to study the main factors that affect the enzy me production, and central composite experimental design and response surface me thodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for the effect of wheat bra n and soybean flour hydrosate on elastase production. The experimental results s howed that wheat bran had positive effect but soybean flour hydrosate had neg ative effect, on enzyme production. An initial concentration of 3.4%(w/v) wh eat b ran and 9.4%(v/v) soybean flour hydrosate were found to be optimal for enzyme pr oduction in batch culture. The time course of elastase production in the optimiz ed medium composition was also described.
基金Supported by the Autogenous Vaccine Research Project of the Poultry Health Laboratory,Poultry Science Department,University of Arkansas
文摘Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo conditions.Methods: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r RNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by triplicate.Results: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1 in neither the supernatants nor digesta samples evaluated by highperformance liquid chromatography with l uorescence detection between positive control or DFM treated groups. Conclusions: In vitro digestion time was not enough to confirm biodegradation of AFB1. Further studies to evaluate the possible biodegradation ef ects of the BacillusDFM when continuously administered in experimentally contaminated feed with AFB1, are in progress.
文摘An efficient culture medium producing a bacterial elastase with high yields was developed further following preliminary studies by means of response surface method. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface method-ology were applied to optimize the medium constituents. A central composite design was used to explain the combined effect of three medium constituents, viz, glucose, K2HPO4, MgSO47H2O. The strain produced more elastase in the completely optimized medium, as compared with the partially optimized medium. The fitted model of the second model, as per RSM, showed that glucose was 7.4 g/100 ml, casein 1.13 g/100 ml, corn steep flour 0.616 g/100 ml, K2HPO4 0.206 g/100 ml and MgSO47H2O 0.034 g/100 ml. The fermentation kinetics of these two culture media in the flask experiments were analyzed. It was found that the highest elastase productivity occurred at 54 hours. Higher glucose concentration had inhibitory effect on elastase production. At the same time, we observed that the glucose consumption rate was slow in the completely optimized medium, which can explain the lag period of the highest elastase production. Some metal ions and surfactant additives also affected elastase production and cell growth.
基金The work was supported by Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology(TNSCST),Chennai,India(MS-004/TNSCST/SPS/AR/2010-2011)
文摘Objective:To characterize the pharmacological importance of biosurfactants isolated from halophilic Bacillus sp BS3.Methods:Halophilic Bacillus sp.BS3 was isolated from solar salt works,identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and was used for screening their biosurfactant production.Characters of the biosurfactant and their anticancer activity were analyzed and performed in mammary epithelial carcinoma cell at different concentrations.Results:The biosurfactant were characterized by TLC,FTIR and GC-MS analysis and identified as lipopeptide type.GC-MS analysis revealed that,the biosurfactant had various compounds including 13Docosenamide.(Z);Mannosamine,9- and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl.Surprisingly the antiviral activity was found against shrimp white spot syndrome virus(WSSV) by suppressing the viral replication and significantly raised shrimp survival(P<0.01).Anticancer activity performed in the mammary epithelial carcinoma cell at different concentrations of biosurfactants,among the various concentrations of biosurfactants such as 0.000 25,0.002 5,0.025,0.25 and 2.5 μ g,the 0.25 μ g concentration suppressed the cells significantly(P<0.05) to 24.8%.Conclusions:Based on the findings,the present study concluded that,there is a possibility to develop eco-friendly antimicrobial and anticancer drugs from the extremophilic origin.
文摘A chromate-removing strain was isolated from spent chrome effluent and identified as Bacillus circulans strain MN1. The isolated strain was studied for resistance to Cr (VI) and its ability to remove Cr (VI). The strain was found to tolerate Cr (VI) concentration as high as 4500 mg/L, but the cells growth was heavily influenced when initial Cr (VI) concentration was increased between 1110 mg/L and 4500 mg/L while Cr(VI) at 500 mg/L to 1110 mg/L did not suppressed the cells growth. The experiments also demonstrated that the cells removed toxic Cr (VI) more efficiently at 30?C compared with that at 25?C and 35?C. The optimum initial pH for Cr (VI) removal was 5.6 and final pH values of 5.1-5.6 were observed for initial pH 5.2-5.7.
