Zero Crossing Digital Phase Locked Loop with Arc Sine block (AS-ZCDPLL) is used to linearize the phase difference detection, and enhance the loop performance. The loop has faster acquisition, less steady state phase e...Zero Crossing Digital Phase Locked Loop with Arc Sine block (AS-ZCDPLL) is used to linearize the phase difference detection, and enhance the loop performance. The loop has faster acquisition, less steady state phase error, and wider locking range compared to the conventional ZCDPLL. This work presents a Zero Crossing Digital Phase Locked Loop with Arc Sine block (ZCDPLL-AS). The performance of the loop is analyzed under mobile faded channel conditions. The mobile channel is assumed to be two path fading channel corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGM). It is shown that for a constant filter gain, the frequency spread has no effect on the steady state phase error variance when the loop is subjected to a phase step. For a frequency step and under the same conditions, the effect on phase error is minimal.展开更多
Existing studies via shot noise calculation conclude that the cross correlation between the currents in the two leads connected by a pair of Majorana zero modes(MZMs)vanishes when their coupling energy𝜖∈_(M)...Existing studies via shot noise calculation conclude that the cross correlation between the currents in the two leads connected by a pair of Majorana zero modes(MZMs)vanishes when their coupling energy𝜖∈_(M)→0.Motivated by the intrinsic nature of nonlocality of the MZMs,we revisit this important problem and propose an experimental scheme to demonstrate the nonvanishing cross correlation even at the limit𝜖∈_(M)→0.The proposed scheme employs the Andreevprocess-associated branch circuit currents,which are theoretically obtained by applying a decomposition analysis for the total currents while are accessible directly in practical measurement.For different bias voltage setup,we find intriguing results of both negative and positive correlations and carry out simple physical understanding using a quantum jump technique.Importantly,combining together with the evidence of the zero-bias-peak of conductance,the nonlocal cross correlation predicted in this work can help to confirm the existence of the nonlocal MZMs.展开更多
This paper presents the ZINDOT model,a methodology utilizing a zero-inflated negative binomial model with the variables used in the United States Department of Transportation(USDOT)accident prediction formula,to deter...This paper presents the ZINDOT model,a methodology utilizing a zero-inflated negative binomial model with the variables used in the United States Department of Transportation(USDOT)accident prediction formula,to determine the expected accident count at a highway-rail grade crossing.The model developed contains separate formulas to estimate the crash prediction value depending on the warning device type installed at the crossing:crossings with gates,crossings with flashing lights and no gates,and crossings with crossbucks.The proposed methodology also accounts for the observed accident count at a crossing using the Empirical Bayes method.The ZINDOT model estimates were compared to the USDOT model estimates to rank the crossings based on the expected accident frequency.It is observed that the new model can identify crossings with a greater number of accidents with Gates and Flashing Lights and Crossbucks in both Illinois(data which were used to develop the model)and Texas(data which were used to validate the model).A practitioner already using the USDOT formulae to estimate expected accident count at a crossing could easily use the ZINDOT model as it employs the same variables used in the USDOT formula.This methodology could be used to rank highway-rail grade crossings for resource allocation and safety improvement.展开更多
文摘Zero Crossing Digital Phase Locked Loop with Arc Sine block (AS-ZCDPLL) is used to linearize the phase difference detection, and enhance the loop performance. The loop has faster acquisition, less steady state phase error, and wider locking range compared to the conventional ZCDPLL. This work presents a Zero Crossing Digital Phase Locked Loop with Arc Sine block (ZCDPLL-AS). The performance of the loop is analyzed under mobile faded channel conditions. The mobile channel is assumed to be two path fading channel corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGM). It is shown that for a constant filter gain, the frequency spread has no effect on the steady state phase error variance when the loop is subjected to a phase step. For a frequency step and under the same conditions, the effect on phase error is minimal.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0303304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11675016,11974011,and 61905174).
文摘Existing studies via shot noise calculation conclude that the cross correlation between the currents in the two leads connected by a pair of Majorana zero modes(MZMs)vanishes when their coupling energy𝜖∈_(M)→0.Motivated by the intrinsic nature of nonlocality of the MZMs,we revisit this important problem and propose an experimental scheme to demonstrate the nonvanishing cross correlation even at the limit𝜖∈_(M)→0.The proposed scheme employs the Andreevprocess-associated branch circuit currents,which are theoretically obtained by applying a decomposition analysis for the total currents while are accessible directly in practical measurement.For different bias voltage setup,we find intriguing results of both negative and positive correlations and carry out simple physical understanding using a quantum jump technique.Importantly,combining together with the evidence of the zero-bias-peak of conductance,the nonlocal cross correlation predicted in this work can help to confirm the existence of the nonlocal MZMs.
文摘This paper presents the ZINDOT model,a methodology utilizing a zero-inflated negative binomial model with the variables used in the United States Department of Transportation(USDOT)accident prediction formula,to determine the expected accident count at a highway-rail grade crossing.The model developed contains separate formulas to estimate the crash prediction value depending on the warning device type installed at the crossing:crossings with gates,crossings with flashing lights and no gates,and crossings with crossbucks.The proposed methodology also accounts for the observed accident count at a crossing using the Empirical Bayes method.The ZINDOT model estimates were compared to the USDOT model estimates to rank the crossings based on the expected accident frequency.It is observed that the new model can identify crossings with a greater number of accidents with Gates and Flashing Lights and Crossbucks in both Illinois(data which were used to develop the model)and Texas(data which were used to validate the model).A practitioner already using the USDOT formulae to estimate expected accident count at a crossing could easily use the ZINDOT model as it employs the same variables used in the USDOT formula.This methodology could be used to rank highway-rail grade crossings for resource allocation and safety improvement.
