Research Progress on the Innate Immunity of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and the Regulation Mechanism of Parasitic Wasp Venom Protein

[Objectives]The use of natural enemies of living insects and their derivatives can effectively avoid the problems of pesticide residues,pest resistance,biodiversity decline,control effect weakening and so on.[Methods]Parasites inject various parasitic factors into hosts to inhibit the development of hosts,adjust the immunity of hosts,interfere with the growth and development of hosts,and reduce the nutrition metabolism of hosts,so as to ensure the growth and development of the offspring.Host pests can escape or conquer the parasitism of parasitic wasps through immune defense system in order to reproduce their own offspring.[Results]Under intense and strong selection pressure,in order to effectively ensure the success rate of parasitism,the adaptive diversity of parasitism strategies of parasitic wasps is finally caused.In the process of evolution and under the pressure of directional selection,the innate immunity and acquired immunity gradually evolve.[Conclusions]In-depth research on parasitic factors of parasitic wasps and their interaction with crop pests immunity and development can not only improve theoretical understanding of insect immunity and development biology,pest biological control and other disciplines,but also be expected to enable the application of some components of parasitic factors to agriculture,medicine and pharmacy.Bactrocera dorsalis is a destructive fruit and vegetable pest.This paper summarized the venom protein of B.dorsalis parasitoids and the immune interaction with hosts,in order to provide theoretical basis for biological control of plant pests by using parasitic natural enemies.

Advances in Detection Methods for Invasive Pest Bactrocera dorsalis

Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel （Diptera： Tephritidae） is an invasive pest around the world. The paper summarizes biological and ecological characteristics of B, dorsalis, and reviews its detection methods from the aspects of morphological identification, acoustic detection and molecular detection, in order to provide a reference for further research and development of new detection methods. The hot issues in the study of B. dorsalis, such as ecological adaptation pattern, diffusion pathways and mechanisms, sustainable control measures, are also put forward in the paper.

玉溪市新平县桔小实蝇成虫种群消长特征及其与气象因子的关系

为了揭示玉溪市新平县桔小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)]成虫种群消长特征及其与气象因子的关系,于2020—2022年采用甲基丁香酚为诱芯的诱捕器,监测新平县桔小实蝇雄成虫的消长动态,并根据当地气象资料分析气象因子与桔小实蝇雄成虫数量的关系。结果表明,桔小实蝇在新平县全年皆发生,冬季成虫数量较少,夏季为桔小实蝇成虫暴发期,5月以后种群数量开始增长,种群数量暴发期为6—10月。气象因子显著影响了桔小实蝇雄虫的数量,其中主要受月平均气温和月平均最低气温的影响。由此可知,影响新平县桔小实蝇种群数量变动的主要因素是气温、降雨、寄主种类和海拔等,这些因素对桔小实蝇的作用方式、强度和时间各不相同,在成虫种群消长的不同阶段发挥不同作用,但通过特定时空下的相互组合,综合决定着新平县桔小实蝇种群消长的基本特征。

点喷饵剂对芒果橘小实蝇的防治效果

为探讨芒果园中饵剂对橘小实蝇的防治效果及施药时期,在芒果成熟期监测了橘小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)]成虫发生动态,比较阿维菌素0.1%饵剂不同剂量对芒果的保护效果。结果表明,橘小实蝇发生高峰期与芒果成熟期相吻合,成熟前果园中橘小实蝇的密度较低,诱捕到成虫数低于60头/诱捕器,开始有黄熟芒果或落地果时,虫量快速增加,最高为1082.3头/诱捕器,采收结束后,虫口快速下降。使用阿维菌素0.1%饵剂2250、2700、3150 g/hm^(2)点喷,对芒果具有较好的保护效果,大部分处理与对照药剂2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂稀释1500倍液的防效差异不显著,对树上果的防控效果最高为82.1%,落地果为87.5%,采后果为79.5%。阿维菌素0.1%饵剂推荐使用方法为虫口暴发初期开始施药,使用剂量为3150 g/hm^(2),对植株点喷,每株果树喷药面积为1.0~1.5 m^(2),避免果实接触药液,间隔7 d施用,直至采收结束。

性诱剂防治桔小实蝇的效果评价

采用生命表的干扰控制指数(IIPC)方法,就性诱剂对桔小实蝇(Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis(Hendel))种群的控制作用进行了评价.结果表明,性诱剂防治桔小实蝇的IIPC值为0 40.在低、中、高不同虫口密度的果园里,其保果率分别为73 60%、46 60%和23 00%.

百香果对桔小实蝇生长发育的影响

通过田间调查和室内试验探究桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)对百香果的危害及不同成熟状态的百香果及百香果的不同部位对桔小实蝇生长发育的影响。田间调查结果显示,广东、广西百香果种植园内均能发现桔小实蝇成虫,且百香果果皮处可见为害痕迹,但果肉完整,果瓤内未发现虫体为害,51.7%的受害果被害部位发现实蝇卵。室内试验结果显示,桔小实蝇能在百香果上产卵,产卵痕数量平均为1.73个/每果,幼虫化蛹率为94.2%。桔小实蝇不能在成熟果的果皮上完成生活史,相比于果皮,百香果果肉显著提高了桔小实蝇的化蛹率和羽化率,但仍然低于香蕉对照组。成熟百香果的糖度为17.72%,pH为1.78,均不利于桔小实蝇的产卵和生长发育。综上所述,桔小实蝇能够为害百香果并能在果实上完成生长发育,但百香果不是桔小实蝇的适宜寄主。