Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflow...Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river (Fuhe River) in North China. Total concentrations of OCPs, PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng]g, 2.3 to 197.8 ng/g, and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng]g, respectively. The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake. For hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenytrich/oroethanes (DDTs), α-HCH and p,p'-DDT were predominant isomers; while for PCBs, PCB 28/31, PCB 40/103, PCB 60, PCB 101, and PCB 118 were predominant congeners. Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel, wood, and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs. Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact.展开更多
The hydrochemical composition of surface water and groundwater is a key parameter for understanding the evolution of water and its quality.In particular,little is known about the impact of transferred water on surface...The hydrochemical composition of surface water and groundwater is a key parameter for understanding the evolution of water and its quality.In particular,little is known about the impact of transferred water on surface water and groundwater.In this study,Baiyangdian Lake was selected as a typical area for extensive groundwater exploration and surface water transfer in the North China Plain.Surface water and groundwater samples were sampled in dry/wet seasons and then analyzed before/after the water transfer,respectively.Generally,surface water and groundwater are extensively hydrologically connected based on hydrochemical evidence.It was found that the hydrochemical composition of the shallow groundwater is affected by the surface water and that the water quality of the deep groundwater is stable.However,inter-aquifer recharge processes from the shallow groundwater to the deep groundwater existed in the anthropogenic region impacted with high nitrate-ion concentrations.Also,the hydrochemical composition of the surface water and groundwater was dominated by rock-weathering and evaporation-precipitation processes.Due to the existence of the deep vadose zone in the alluvial fan,Na^(+)was exchanged into soil matrices during the leakage of the surface water.In addition,the transferred water resulted in surface water with good quality,and it also played as an important recharge source to groundwater.As the most important water resource for irrigation and drinking,deep groundwater should be paid more attention in the alluvial fan with frequent water transfer and extensive groundwater exploration.展开更多
Water cycle and water quality in the Lake Baiyangdian watershed of the North China Plain have undergone great changes due to over-pumping of groundwater and wastewater discharge.In this paper,hydrogeochemical data was...Water cycle and water quality in the Lake Baiyangdian watershed of the North China Plain have undergone great changes due to over-pumping of groundwater and wastewater discharge.In this paper,hydrogeochemical data was collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and geochemistry evolution of groundwater.The study area was divided into two typical parts.One was in the upstream plain area,where over-pumping had resulted in significant decline of groundwater level;the other one was located in the downstream area near the Fu River and Lake Baiyangdian(Lake BYD region).In addition to the natural weathering of minerals,excessive fertilizer was also a main factor of higher ion concentration in groundwater.According to studies,due to good permeability,these regions were easy to be polluted even with deep groundwater depth.However,upstream shallow groundwater and surface water,including lake water,domestic along with industrial wastewater were all sources of present shallow groundwater in the Lake BYD region.Results indicated that anthropogenic activities rather than minerals much matter to the groundwater in these regions.Particularly,wastewater largely decided the groundwater quality,which suggested that the management and restoration of surface water quality was crucial to groundwater protection.展开更多
Water quality evaluation entails both randomness and fuzziness. Considering that water eutrophication evaluation involves many indices, different classifications and interval values, fuzzy variable sets theory was dev...Water quality evaluation entails both randomness and fuzziness. Considering that water eutrophication evaluation involves many indices, different classifications and interval values, fuzzy variable sets theory was developed to Lake Baiyangdian as a study case. Taking reference to eutrophication standard of Chinese lakes and local characteristic of Lake Baiyangdian, eutrophication degree of lake was divided into 8 levels. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and CODMn were selected as evaluation indices in this research. Based on the measured data, index feature value matrix of sample was built. Index weights were determined by means of pure threshold value method. Relative membership degree of each index to each classification was calculated with relative difference function model. Then the stability of feature value of classification corresponding was received by the comprehensive calculation with the relative membership degree and index weights. The results show that the proposed models are effective tools for generating a set of realistic and flexible optimal solutions for complicated water quality evaluation issues. It concluded that the model was reasonable and practical.展开更多
Establishment of the ecological compensation mechanism is one important way for solving a series of issues in Baiyangdian Watershed, including environment pollution, ecological deterioration, unsustained water supplem...Establishment of the ecological compensation mechanism is one important way for solving a series of issues in Baiyangdian Watershed, including environment pollution, ecological deterioration, unsustained water supplement, rural pollution aggravation and ecological migration. Based on the principles of main functional area, public goods, welfare economics, financial transfer payment and watershed management, we put forward the construction framework of ecological compensation mechanism in Baiyangdian Watershed. Compensation subject is governments at all levels and beneficiary within watershed. Compensation object is governments at all levels, eco-builder and victim within watershed. Compensation way in- dudes government-led and market-oriented and game-negotiation types. Compensation standard includes financial transfer payment, compensation between upstream and downstream of the watershed, rural environmental protection with collections of management fees and subsidies to co-gov- ernance, ecological migration and inter-basin section. The safeguard measures of implementation for ecological compensation mechanism in Baiy- angdian Watershed are setting legal system and status of the ecological compensation, ensuring special usage of the ecological compensation fund, carrying out performance evaluation index system, building social management system of the ecological compensation and promoting the reform of watershed manaQement structure.展开更多
The shrinking and drying up of wetlands in arid and semiarid areas of China have been widely observed in the recent years,but there has been no consensus on whether the aggravation is caused by human activities or by ...The shrinking and drying up of wetlands in arid and semiarid areas of China have been widely observed in the recent years,but there has been no consensus on whether the aggravation is caused by human activities or by global climate warming.For a better understanding of the cause,this study investigates the dynamic changes of Baiyangdian Lake wetland over the last 40 years.It is shown that since the 1980s,Baiyangdian Lake has suffered from an insufficient water input and shrunk considerably.By using SPSS11.0,this study undertakes a detailed analysis on the significance of the effects of the possible driving factors for the degradation.It is identified that the North China Plain has been warming up significantly in recent years,which causes a significant reduction in the precipitation and inflow to the lake.Although human disturbances such as the irrigation and storage of water in reservoirs do not play a decisive role,they accelerate the degradation and their effects should be minimized.展开更多
As one of the few ecological wetlands in North China,Baiyangdian bears multiple important ecological functions,including ①adjusting the ecological balance of North China;②safeguarding the downstream areas,especially...As one of the few ecological wetlands in North China,Baiyangdian bears multiple important ecological functions,including ①adjusting the ecological balance of North China;②safeguarding the downstream areas,especially Tianjin City,the Beijing-Shanghai Railway and Huabei Oil Field;③serving as the reservoir for the North-to-South Water Diversion Project and the emergent use of water for Beijing;④conserving biodiversity.Wetland ecotourism is a scientific and wise use pattern for wetland resources,through which,a source of financing is provided for wetland conservation,economic alternatives are generated for local people to reduce overexploitation on wetland resources and the public awareness of environmental protection is enhanced.Since wetland ecotourism can benefit the co-existence between human and nature and promote social equity between people,it enjoys broad promise for popularization and implementation.The proactive cooperation and sound interaction between main stakeholders,and the wide participation of the community residents,will guarantee the sustainable development of wetland ecotourism.Based on the analysis of current status of participation and interactive relationships of the main stakeholders in Baiyangdian tourism,this article made an attempt to apply the theory of participatory development to the ecotourism initiatives of Baiyangdian wetland,discussed and brought forward the countermeasures to improve community participation in wetland ecotourism under the guidance of this theory.展开更多
Although China has achieved great advancements toward national food security,the country is still confronted with a range of challenges,including natural resource stress,imbalanced diets and environmental pollution.Op...Although China has achieved great advancements toward national food security,the country is still confronted with a range of challenges,including natural resource stress,imbalanced diets and environmental pollution.Optimized management of crop–livestock systems is the key measure to realize agricultural green transformation.However,optimized management of crop–livestock systems that use multi-objective zoning is lacking.This study employed a multi-objective zoning management approach to comprehensively analyze four indicators:ammonia volatilization,nitrogen surplus,soil carrying capacity and ecological red line area.With its significant ecological integrity and a strong emphasis on sustainability,the Baiyangdian Basin serves as a unique and suitable test case for conducting analyses on multi-objective nutrient optimization management,with the aim to facilitate the agricultural green transformation.This study finds that less than 8%of the area in the Baiyangdian Basin meet the acceptable environmental indicator standard,whereas around 50%of the area that had both nitrogen surplus and ammonia volatilization exceeded the threshold.Implementation of unified management,that is,the same management technique across the study areas,could result in an increase of areas meeting environmental indicator thresholds to 21.1%.This project developed a novel multi-indicator partition optimization method,in which distinct measures are tailored for different areas to satisfy multiple environmental indicators.Implementation of this method,could potentially bring more than 50%area below the threshold,and areas with ammonia emissions and nitrogen surplus could be reduced to 15.8%.The multi-indicators partition optimization method represents a more advanced and efficiency-oriented management approach when compared to unified management.This approach could be regarded as the best available option to help China achieve agricultural transformation to improve efficient production and reduce environmental pollution.It is recommended that current policies aimed at nutrient management toward sustainable agricultural development should shift toward the application of multi-indicators partition optimization.展开更多
Telling Chinese stories and Chinese experience is an important theme of realist literature in the new era.Chinese writers in the new era face the significant challenge of how to understand the"totality of China&q...Telling Chinese stories and Chinese experience is an important theme of realist literature in the new era.Chinese writers in the new era face the significant challenge of how to understand the"totality of China"and how to construct the totality spirit and aesthetic character of the"Chinese"narrative.Above Baiyangdian Lake by Guan Renshan takes the historical changes that occurred in the typical environment of Baiyangdian New Area as the content of narration,revealing the growth of people and history and its"Chinese"connotation through the story of the growth of"new character"in the new era.The novel depicts the"rediscovery"and rebirth of history and traditions of China in the new era by"telling stories,"and puts them under a profound context of the past and present and in a broad vision of China and foreign countries,thus constructing the overall aesthetics of realism in contemporary China with an epic grand narrative.The novel artistically shows the building and growth process of China in the new era,and demonstrates its leveraging of resourcesand unique connotation.It is a typical text for understanding the relationshipbetween theimage shaping of China in the new era and Chinese realism literature,as well as the connotation,function and form of Chinese realism.展开更多
Above Baiyangdian Lake is a novel set against the backdrop of the great changes in rural China in the new era,revolving around the grand theme of China's contribution to the harmonious development of the world wit...Above Baiyangdian Lake is a novel set against the backdrop of the great changes in rural China in the new era,revolving around the grand theme of China's contribution to the harmonious development of the world with Chinese wisdom and its solutions.The subject of Above Baiyangdian Lake is grand as it involves politics,culture,economy,and many other aspects.Its publication has reversed the narrowing tendency of Chinese novels in terms of themes and subjects.Above Baiyangdian Lake reconstructs historical time for Chinese modernization with its time consciousness based on a historical perspective.Wang Juexin and Qiao Mai shaped by the writer have contributed to the range of Chinese contemporary literary characters as typical images of the new characters of the era.The value of epic masterpieces like Above Baiyangdian Lake should be fully explored and advocated to provide a useful reference for the development of literature in the newera.展开更多
Above Baiyangdian Lake is another full-length realistic novel written by Guan Renshan after The Maihe River.In this work,Guan Renshan goes beyond traditional rural writing and artistically narrates the grand landscape...Above Baiyangdian Lake is another full-length realistic novel written by Guan Renshan after The Maihe River.In this work,Guan Renshan goes beyond traditional rural writing and artistically narrates the grand landscape of Baiyangdian New Area and the changes of people's fate during its construction.With Guan's refined and mature narrative techniques,the novel clearly shows his ambition to present a“regional epic.”This paper delves into the fictional text and analyzes the structuring method of Above Baiyangdian Lake from multiple perspectives such as its character shaping with historical correspondence,and narrative structure,skills,and style,aiming to provide an approach to interpret the ideological schema of Above Baiyangdian Lake.展开更多
Above Baiyangdian Lake is a meticulously crafted novel by Guan Renshan nearing a million words in length.The novel offers a panoramic view of everyday life in Baiyangdian Lake and the development of the Xiong'an N...Above Baiyangdian Lake is a meticulously crafted novel by Guan Renshan nearing a million words in length.The novel offers a panoramic view of everyday life in Baiyangdian Lake and the development of the Xiong'an New Area.The novel exemplifies a genuine sense of the scene by presenting readers with a vivid,authentic depiction of our contemporary life.He employs a narrative structure that overlaps the present with the past,blending tradition and modernity to create a truly magnificent epic.Rather than avoiding the contradictions and darkness inherent to humanity,the novel embraces them and strives to accurately depict their complexity,resulting in a more profound reflection on society.Above Baiyangdian Lake expands and innovates the path of local literature by applying a genuinely realistic approach.It not only surpasses Guan's writing style,but also represents a transcendence of local writing conventions in contemporary literature.It draws upon and elevates the literary tradition of the Hehuadian School,emerging as a notable example of new local writing with distinct regional traits.展开更多
Persistent organochlorine compounds, including hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in surface water and sediments from Balyan...Persistent organochlorine compounds, including hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in surface water and sediments from Balyangdian Lake, North China. Total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in surface water were in the range of 3.13-10.60, 4.05-20.59 and 19.46-131.62 ng/L, respectively, and total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in sediments were 1.75-5.70, 0.91-6.48 and 5.96-29.61 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Among the groups of HCHs (sum of α-HCH, β-HCH, y-HCH and 6-HCH) and DDTs (sum of DDT, DDD and DDE), the predominance of β-HCH, DDE and DDD in water and sediment samples was clearly observed. This observation suggested that β-HCH was resistant to biodegradation and the DDTs had been transformed to its metabolites, DDE and DDD. For PCBs, penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners were the most abundant compounds in the both phases. Furthermore, the partitioning of chlorinated compounds between sediment and water was investigated to understand their transport and fates in aquatic ecosystems. The results indicated that average logs of organic carbon-normalized sediment-water partition coefficients (logK∝) for OCPs varied between 3.20 and 5.53, and for PCBs, logK∝ values ranged from 3.19 to 5.57. The observed logK∝ was lower than their equilibrium logK∝ predicted from linear model, which may be attributed to the solubility enhancement effect of colloidal matter in water phase and the disequilibrium between sediment and water.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2006CB403306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30870311)
文摘Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river (Fuhe River) in North China. Total concentrations of OCPs, PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng]g, 2.3 to 197.8 ng/g, and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng]g, respectively. The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake. For hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenytrich/oroethanes (DDTs), α-HCH and p,p'-DDT were predominant isomers; while for PCBs, PCB 28/31, PCB 40/103, PCB 60, PCB 101, and PCB 118 were predominant congeners. Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel, wood, and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs. Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFC0401407 and 2018YFC0506904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41971037)。
文摘The hydrochemical composition of surface water and groundwater is a key parameter for understanding the evolution of water and its quality.In particular,little is known about the impact of transferred water on surface water and groundwater.In this study,Baiyangdian Lake was selected as a typical area for extensive groundwater exploration and surface water transfer in the North China Plain.Surface water and groundwater samples were sampled in dry/wet seasons and then analyzed before/after the water transfer,respectively.Generally,surface water and groundwater are extensively hydrologically connected based on hydrochemical evidence.It was found that the hydrochemical composition of the shallow groundwater is affected by the surface water and that the water quality of the deep groundwater is stable.However,inter-aquifer recharge processes from the shallow groundwater to the deep groundwater existed in the anthropogenic region impacted with high nitrate-ion concentrations.Also,the hydrochemical composition of the surface water and groundwater was dominated by rock-weathering and evaporation-precipitation processes.Due to the existence of the deep vadose zone in the alluvial fan,Na^(+)was exchanged into soil matrices during the leakage of the surface water.In addition,the transferred water resulted in surface water with good quality,and it also played as an important recharge source to groundwater.As the most important water resource for irrigation and drinking,deep groundwater should be paid more attention in the alluvial fan with frequent water transfer and extensive groundwater exploration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.41471028No.40830636)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0800100)the 100-Talent Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Water cycle and water quality in the Lake Baiyangdian watershed of the North China Plain have undergone great changes due to over-pumping of groundwater and wastewater discharge.In this paper,hydrogeochemical data was collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and geochemistry evolution of groundwater.The study area was divided into two typical parts.One was in the upstream plain area,where over-pumping had resulted in significant decline of groundwater level;the other one was located in the downstream area near the Fu River and Lake Baiyangdian(Lake BYD region).In addition to the natural weathering of minerals,excessive fertilizer was also a main factor of higher ion concentration in groundwater.According to studies,due to good permeability,these regions were easy to be polluted even with deep groundwater depth.However,upstream shallow groundwater and surface water,including lake water,domestic along with industrial wastewater were all sources of present shallow groundwater in the Lake BYD region.Results indicated that anthropogenic activities rather than minerals much matter to the groundwater in these regions.Particularly,wastewater largely decided the groundwater quality,which suggested that the management and restoration of surface water quality was crucial to groundwater protection.
文摘Water quality evaluation entails both randomness and fuzziness. Considering that water eutrophication evaluation involves many indices, different classifications and interval values, fuzzy variable sets theory was developed to Lake Baiyangdian as a study case. Taking reference to eutrophication standard of Chinese lakes and local characteristic of Lake Baiyangdian, eutrophication degree of lake was divided into 8 levels. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and CODMn were selected as evaluation indices in this research. Based on the measured data, index feature value matrix of sample was built. Index weights were determined by means of pure threshold value method. Relative membership degree of each index to each classification was calculated with relative difference function model. Then the stability of feature value of classification corresponding was received by the comprehensive calculation with the relative membership degree and index weights. The results show that the proposed models are effective tools for generating a set of realistic and flexible optimal solutions for complicated water quality evaluation issues. It concluded that the model was reasonable and practical.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50139020)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2006CB403405)
基金Supported by Special Issue of People's Livelihood Research,Social Science Development Research Item in Hebei Province(201101024)Planning Issues of Philosophy and Social Science in Hebei Province (HB09BLJ005)Water Body Pollution Control and Treatment, Key Item of National Science and Technology(2008ZX07209-007-07)
文摘Establishment of the ecological compensation mechanism is one important way for solving a series of issues in Baiyangdian Watershed, including environment pollution, ecological deterioration, unsustained water supplement, rural pollution aggravation and ecological migration. Based on the principles of main functional area, public goods, welfare economics, financial transfer payment and watershed management, we put forward the construction framework of ecological compensation mechanism in Baiyangdian Watershed. Compensation subject is governments at all levels and beneficiary within watershed. Compensation object is governments at all levels, eco-builder and victim within watershed. Compensation way in- dudes government-led and market-oriented and game-negotiation types. Compensation standard includes financial transfer payment, compensation between upstream and downstream of the watershed, rural environmental protection with collections of management fees and subsidies to co-gov- ernance, ecological migration and inter-basin section. The safeguard measures of implementation for ecological compensation mechanism in Baiy- angdian Watershed are setting legal system and status of the ecological compensation, ensuring special usage of the ecological compensation fund, carrying out performance evaluation index system, building social management system of the ecological compensation and promoting the reform of watershed manaQement structure.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30570303)
文摘The shrinking and drying up of wetlands in arid and semiarid areas of China have been widely observed in the recent years,but there has been no consensus on whether the aggravation is caused by human activities or by global climate warming.For a better understanding of the cause,this study investigates the dynamic changes of Baiyangdian Lake wetland over the last 40 years.It is shown that since the 1980s,Baiyangdian Lake has suffered from an insufficient water input and shrunk considerably.By using SPSS11.0,this study undertakes a detailed analysis on the significance of the effects of the possible driving factors for the degradation.It is identified that the North China Plain has been warming up significantly in recent years,which causes a significant reduction in the precipitation and inflow to the lake.Although human disturbances such as the irrigation and storage of water in reservoirs do not play a decisive role,they accelerate the degradation and their effects should be minimized.
基金Under the auspices of Global Environment Facility (TA4629)
文摘As one of the few ecological wetlands in North China,Baiyangdian bears multiple important ecological functions,including ①adjusting the ecological balance of North China;②safeguarding the downstream areas,especially Tianjin City,the Beijing-Shanghai Railway and Huabei Oil Field;③serving as the reservoir for the North-to-South Water Diversion Project and the emergent use of water for Beijing;④conserving biodiversity.Wetland ecotourism is a scientific and wise use pattern for wetland resources,through which,a source of financing is provided for wetland conservation,economic alternatives are generated for local people to reduce overexploitation on wetland resources and the public awareness of environmental protection is enhanced.Since wetland ecotourism can benefit the co-existence between human and nature and promote social equity between people,it enjoys broad promise for popularization and implementation.The proactive cooperation and sound interaction between main stakeholders,and the wide participation of the community residents,will guarantee the sustainable development of wetland ecotourism.Based on the analysis of current status of participation and interactive relationships of the main stakeholders in Baiyangdian tourism,this article made an attempt to apply the theory of participatory development to the ecotourism initiatives of Baiyangdian wetland,discussed and brought forward the countermeasures to improve community participation in wetland ecotourism under the guidance of this theory.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0101900)the Key R&D Program of Hebei,China(21327507D)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002138,T2222016,31972517)。
文摘Although China has achieved great advancements toward national food security,the country is still confronted with a range of challenges,including natural resource stress,imbalanced diets and environmental pollution.Optimized management of crop–livestock systems is the key measure to realize agricultural green transformation.However,optimized management of crop–livestock systems that use multi-objective zoning is lacking.This study employed a multi-objective zoning management approach to comprehensively analyze four indicators:ammonia volatilization,nitrogen surplus,soil carrying capacity and ecological red line area.With its significant ecological integrity and a strong emphasis on sustainability,the Baiyangdian Basin serves as a unique and suitable test case for conducting analyses on multi-objective nutrient optimization management,with the aim to facilitate the agricultural green transformation.This study finds that less than 8%of the area in the Baiyangdian Basin meet the acceptable environmental indicator standard,whereas around 50%of the area that had both nitrogen surplus and ammonia volatilization exceeded the threshold.Implementation of unified management,that is,the same management technique across the study areas,could result in an increase of areas meeting environmental indicator thresholds to 21.1%.This project developed a novel multi-indicator partition optimization method,in which distinct measures are tailored for different areas to satisfy multiple environmental indicators.Implementation of this method,could potentially bring more than 50%area below the threshold,and areas with ammonia emissions and nitrogen surplus could be reduced to 15.8%.The multi-indicators partition optimization method represents a more advanced and efficiency-oriented management approach when compared to unified management.This approach could be regarded as the best available option to help China achieve agricultural transformation to improve efficient production and reduce environmental pollution.It is recommended that current policies aimed at nutrient management toward sustainable agricultural development should shift toward the application of multi-indicators partition optimization.
基金the project"Mo Yan's Subjective Reconstruction of China and Research on New Literary Tradition"in Major Bidding Projects of the National Social Science Fund of China(17BZW159).
文摘Telling Chinese stories and Chinese experience is an important theme of realist literature in the new era.Chinese writers in the new era face the significant challenge of how to understand the"totality of China"and how to construct the totality spirit and aesthetic character of the"Chinese"narrative.Above Baiyangdian Lake by Guan Renshan takes the historical changes that occurred in the typical environment of Baiyangdian New Area as the content of narration,revealing the growth of people and history and its"Chinese"connotation through the story of the growth of"new character"in the new era.The novel depicts the"rediscovery"and rebirth of history and traditions of China in the new era by"telling stories,"and puts them under a profound context of the past and present and in a broad vision of China and foreign countries,thus constructing the overall aesthetics of realism in contemporary China with an epic grand narrative.The novel artistically shows the building and growth process of China in the new era,and demonstrates its leveraging of resourcesand unique connotation.It is a typical text for understanding the relationshipbetween theimage shaping of China in the new era and Chinese realism literature,as well as the connotation,function and form of Chinese realism.
基金the project Compilation of the Chronicle of Chinese Modern and Contemporary Fiction Theory(1895-2020)and Research on the Reinterpretation and Reconstruction of Classical Resources in Major Bidding Projects of the National Social Science Fund of China(No.22&ZD278).
文摘Above Baiyangdian Lake is a novel set against the backdrop of the great changes in rural China in the new era,revolving around the grand theme of China's contribution to the harmonious development of the world with Chinese wisdom and its solutions.The subject of Above Baiyangdian Lake is grand as it involves politics,culture,economy,and many other aspects.Its publication has reversed the narrowing tendency of Chinese novels in terms of themes and subjects.Above Baiyangdian Lake reconstructs historical time for Chinese modernization with its time consciousness based on a historical perspective.Wang Juexin and Qiao Mai shaped by the writer have contributed to the range of Chinese contemporary literary characters as typical images of the new characters of the era.The value of epic masterpieces like Above Baiyangdian Lake should be fully explored and advocated to provide a useful reference for the development of literature in the newera.
文摘Above Baiyangdian Lake is another full-length realistic novel written by Guan Renshan after The Maihe River.In this work,Guan Renshan goes beyond traditional rural writing and artistically narrates the grand landscape of Baiyangdian New Area and the changes of people's fate during its construction.With Guan's refined and mature narrative techniques,the novel clearly shows his ambition to present a“regional epic.”This paper delves into the fictional text and analyzes the structuring method of Above Baiyangdian Lake from multiple perspectives such as its character shaping with historical correspondence,and narrative structure,skills,and style,aiming to provide an approach to interpret the ideological schema of Above Baiyangdian Lake.
基金the National Social Science Fund of China(ProjectNo.17BZW029).
文摘Above Baiyangdian Lake is a meticulously crafted novel by Guan Renshan nearing a million words in length.The novel offers a panoramic view of everyday life in Baiyangdian Lake and the development of the Xiong'an New Area.The novel exemplifies a genuine sense of the scene by presenting readers with a vivid,authentic depiction of our contemporary life.He employs a narrative structure that overlaps the present with the past,blending tradition and modernity to create a truly magnificent epic.Rather than avoiding the contradictions and darkness inherent to humanity,the novel embraces them and strives to accurately depict their complexity,resulting in a more profound reflection on society.Above Baiyangdian Lake expands and innovates the path of local literature by applying a genuinely realistic approach.It not only surpasses Guan's writing style,but also represents a transcendence of local writing conventions in contemporary literature.It draws upon and elevates the literary tradition of the Hehuadian School,emerging as a notable example of new local writing with distinct regional traits.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program (No. 2009CB421605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40871218)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Beijing Normal University (No. 2009SD-24)the National Water Pollution and Management Technology Project of China (No. 2009ZX07209-008)
文摘Persistent organochlorine compounds, including hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in surface water and sediments from Balyangdian Lake, North China. Total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in surface water were in the range of 3.13-10.60, 4.05-20.59 and 19.46-131.62 ng/L, respectively, and total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in sediments were 1.75-5.70, 0.91-6.48 and 5.96-29.61 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Among the groups of HCHs (sum of α-HCH, β-HCH, y-HCH and 6-HCH) and DDTs (sum of DDT, DDD and DDE), the predominance of β-HCH, DDE and DDD in water and sediment samples was clearly observed. This observation suggested that β-HCH was resistant to biodegradation and the DDTs had been transformed to its metabolites, DDE and DDD. For PCBs, penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners were the most abundant compounds in the both phases. Furthermore, the partitioning of chlorinated compounds between sediment and water was investigated to understand their transport and fates in aquatic ecosystems. The results indicated that average logs of organic carbon-normalized sediment-water partition coefficients (logK∝) for OCPs varied between 3.20 and 5.53, and for PCBs, logK∝ values ranged from 3.19 to 5.57. The observed logK∝ was lower than their equilibrium logK∝ predicted from linear model, which may be attributed to the solubility enhancement effect of colloidal matter in water phase and the disequilibrium between sediment and water.