Hydrothermal alteration processes in the giant Dahutang tungsten deposit, South China: Implications from litho-geochemistry and mass balance calculation

The giant Dahutang tungsten(W)deposit has a total reserve of more than 1.31 Mt WO3.Veinlet-disseminated scheelite and vein type wolframite mineralization are developed in this deposit,which are related to Late Mesozoic biotite granite.Four major types of alterations,which include albitization,potassic-alteration,and greisenization,and overprinted silicification developed in contact zone.The mass balance calculate of the four alteration types were used to further understanding of the mineralization process.The fresh porphyritic biotite granite has high Nb,Ta,and W,but low Ca and Sr while the Jiuling granodiorite has high Ca and Sr,but low Nb,Ta,and W concentrations.The altered porphyritic biotite granite indicated that the Nb,Ta,and W were leached out from the fresh porphyritic biotite granite,especially by sodic alteration.The low Ca and Sr contents of the altered Neoproterozoic Jiuling granodiorite indicate that Ca and Sr had been leached out from the fresh granodiorite by the fluid from Mesozoic porphyritic biotite granites.The metal W of the Dahutang deposit was mainly derived from the fluid exsolution from the melt and alteration of W-bearing granites.This study of alteration presents a new hydrothermal circulation model to understand tungsten mineralization in the Dahutang deposit.

Silica Enrichment in a Volcanic Setting Using Petrographic Analyses and Mass Balance Calculations Using Trace Element Zircon

Formulating the original composition of weathered tephra can be a chaUenging task. A previous study by Wadia （1998 and 2007） demonstrated the enrichment of silica according to the hypothesis that the percentage of aluminum oxide remains constant within the unweathered parent material and its weathered counterpart （Faure, 1991）, which indicated the average enrichment of silica to be 6.5%. This study demonstrates the enrichment of microcrystalline-cryptocrystalline quartz in the Reid＇s Mistake Formation of the Newcastle Coal measures of Sydney Basin, Australia, incorporating petrographic analyses and MBC （mass balance calculations） using trace element zircon as the immobile element. For MBC, zircon is more favorable, as it is a trace element that tends to be immobile during the process of chemical weathering. The composition of the unweathered reference samples was collected from the Tertiary volcanic complexes of Northeastern New South Wales and Southeastern Queensland. ICP-AES （inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy） was used to determine the chemical composition of the weathered samples. The quantitative enrichment of silica was provided by performing MBC using zircon as the immobile trace element. The petrographic analyses results indicated that the tephra was subjected to chemical weathering in a meteoric regime, as represented by minerals observed in the weathered tephra. The silica enrichment by MBC involving zircon resulted in 40.11%, which is indicative of chemical weathering, and was additionally supported by the presence of chert lenses in the volcanic horizon, indicating the enrichment of silica as a result of chemical weathering.

Study on the Influence of Piloti on Mean Radiant Temperature in Residential Blocks by 3-D Unsteady State Heat Balance Radiation Calculation

Piloti is commonly used in tropical and subtropical climate zones to get high wind velocity and create shadowed areas in order to optimize the living environment of residential blocks,but there are few studies to reveal the influence of piloti on the radiant environment of residential blocks systematically. Taking the city of Guangzhou as an example,using 3-D Unsteady State Heat Balance Radiation Calculation Method,this paper shows that the mean radiant temperature( MRT) under piloti area increases with the increase of piloti ratio,and especially when piloti ratio is equal to 100%,the MRT increase trend becomes sharp. The MRT of exposed area decreases with the increase of piloti ratio,especially when piloti ratio reaches 100%,the decrease trend of MRT becomes sharp,which offers the reference for the study on piloti design in subtropical climate zones and further research on living environment by CFD simulation in residential blocks.

Role of Hematite-Rich Host Rocks in the Gold Mineralization of the Woxi Au(-Sb-W) Ore Deposit in Western Jiangnan Orogen of South China

The formation of many hydrothermal gold deposits is closely related to iron-rich rocks. The host rocks of the Madiyi Formation of the Mid-to Late Neoproterozoic Banxi Group for the Woxi Au(-Sb-W) deposit, which is located in western Hunan Province of the western Jiangnan Orogen, South China, is rich in hematite, which provides a good example for studying the relationship between the formation of gold deposit and iron-rich rocks. Field investigation and petrographic observation on the unaltered, weakly altered and strongly altered rocks demonstrate that the bleaching is caused by a combination of carbonatization, sulfidation and sericitization. Mass balance calculation suggests that, during decolourization there is no change in TFe_(2)O_(3), while FeO is gained and Fe_(2)O_(3)is lost. Geochemical modeling found that Au was mainly present as AuHS(aq) and Au(HS)-2, and that the water-rock interactions decreased the sulfur fugacity which destroyed the stability of such aqueous complexes. Combined with the locally occurred native gold in quartz veins, it is concluded that the major gold precipitation mechanisms are sulfidation and fluid boiling. Based on previous geochronological and geochemical research further gold mineralization is proposed to be generated by deep sourced magmatic or metamorphic fluid migrated upward along the Woxi fault, and the iron-rich Madiyi Formation is the idea chemical trap for gold deposition. The decrease of sulfur contents caused by fluid-rock interactions and fluid boiling are the major mechanisms for gold mineralization.