Correlation between the Polymorphism of PPARγ-2 gene and the Susceptibility of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Guangxi Bama Mini-pigs

[ Objective] The research aimed to discuss the relationship between the polymorphism of PPARy.2 gene and the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in Guangxi Bama mini-pigs. [ Method] 24 Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were fed with high-fat and high-sucrose diet, and partial sequences of exon 2 of PPARy-2 gene were amplified by using PCR method. In addition, the contents of fasting blood glucose and insulin （INS） in Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were determined, and the glucose tolerance test （GTT） was also carried out. [ Result] There was one SNP site （19813A/G） Jn partial sequence of exon 2 of the cloned PPAFly-2 gene, and AA （7 pigs） and AG （17 pigs） genotype were detected. The contents of fasting insulin and 60-min blood glucose in GTT in AG-genotype Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were significantly higher than those of AA genotype （ P 〈0.05）, while the incidence of T2DM in AG-genotype Guangxi Bama mini-pigs （71.4%） was obviously higher than that of AA gen- otype （5.9%）. [ Conclusion] The polymorphism of 19813A/G in exon 2 of PPARy-2 gene was related with the susceptibility of T2DM in Guangxi Bama mini-pigs.

基于BLI技术的BamAβ-barrel结合化合物检测方法的建立

目的以革兰阴性菌外膜蛋白折叠辅助因子关键蛋白BamA为靶蛋白,基于生物膜干涉(Biolayer interferometry,BLI)技术建立化合物与BamA蛋白β折叠结构域(BamA_(β-barrel))结合活性的评价方法,为建立靶向BamA蛋白的抗革兰阴性菌先导物奠定基础。方法应用BLI方法检测BamA_(β-barrel)与已知的阳性化合物darobactin的结合活性。原核表达并纯化带有His标签的大肠埃希菌BamA_(β-barrel)蛋白,使用表面活性剂LDAO对其进行复性和折叠;使用生物素标记折叠和未折叠蛋白,并结合到超级链霉亲和素(super streptavidin,SSA)生物传感器,然后检测蛋白与不同浓度的darobactin结合信号的变化,同时做无蛋白或darobactin稀释液对照;空白对照采用未结合生物素化的BamA_(β-barrel)蛋白的传感器,检测上述系列稀释样品。相应信号采用Steady state analysis方式拟合分析,计算平衡常数(KD)值。结果成功获得高纯度的折叠状态BamA_(β-barrel)蛋白,通过BLI技术检测到折叠状态的BamA_(β-barrel)与阳性化合物darobactin具有良好结合活性且呈现浓度依赖性,R^(2)为0.9998,KD值为(2.2E-06±8.0E-08)M。结论基于BLI技术成功建立了折叠状态的BamA_(β-barrel)-化合物结合活性的评价方法,为后续BamA蛋白靶向性抗革兰阴性菌抗生素的发现建立基础。

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Adiponectin Receptor 1 and Receptor 2 cDNA from Guangxi Bama Mini-pig

[ Objective] To clone and analyze the sequence of Adiponectin receptor 1 （ AdipoR1 ） and receptor 2 （AdipoR2） cDNA of Guangxi Bama mini-pig. [Method] The Adiponectin receptors cDNAs were amplified by RT-PCR using skeletal muscle total RNA as template and then ligated into pMD18-T vector after purification. The recombinant pMD18-T vector was transformed into the E. coil DH5α for identification and sequencing. And the results were compared with the cDNA sequence from other species. [Result] The fragments, 1 128 bp and 1 161 bp in size, were amplified by RT-PCR and respectively consistent with the coding sequence of AdipoR1 gene and AdipoR2 gene. The homology analysis showed that the sequences of AdipoR1 gene and AdipoR2 gene were respectively 99.8% and 99.7% homologous to the sequence of domestic pig reported in GenBank with one base and three base missense mutations correspondingly. [ Conclusion] The AdipoR1 gene and AdipoR2. gene were successfully amplified from Guangxi Bama mini-pig, laying the foundation for the further study of the biological function of AdipoR genes and the design of novel drugs with AdipoR as target.

Dietary proline supplementation alters colonic luminal microbiota and bacterial metabolite composition between days 45 and 70 of pregnancy in Huanjiang mini-pigs

Background: Pregnancy is associated with important changes in gut microbiota composition. Dietary factors may affect the diversity, composition, and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. Among amino acids, proline is known to play important roles in protein metabolism and structure, cell differentiation, conceptus growth and development, and gut microbiota re-equilibration in case of dysbiosis.Results: Dietary supplementation with 1% proline decreased(P < 0.05) the amounts of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Peptostreptococcus productus, Pseudomonas, and Veillonella spp. in distal colonic contents than that in the control group. The colonic contents of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Bifidobacterium sp., Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella increased(P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy as compared with those on d 45 of pregnancy. The colonic concentrations of acetate, total straight-chain fatty acid, and total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) in the proline-supplemented group were lower(P < 0.05), and butyrate level(P = 0.06) decreased as compared with the control group. Almost all of the SCFA displayed higher(P < 0.05) concentrations in proximal colonic contents on d 70 of pregnancy than those on d 45 of pregnancy. The concentrations of 1,7-heptyl diamine(P = 0.09) and phenylethylamine(P < 0.05) in proximal colonic contents were higher, while those of spermidine(P = 0.05) and total bioamine(P = 0.06) tended to be lower in the proline-supplemented group than those in the control group. The concentrations of spermidine, spermine, and total bioamine in colonic contents were higher(P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy than those measured on d 45 of pregnancy. In contrast, the concentration of phenylethylamine was lower(P < 0.05) on d 70 than on d 45 of pregnancy.(Continued on next page)(Continued from previous page)Conclusion: These findings indicate that L-proline supplementation modifies both the colonic microbiota composition and the luminal concentrations of several bacterial metabolites. Furthermore, our data show that both the microbiota composition and the concentrations of bacterial metabolites are evolving in the course of pregnancy. These results are discussed in terms of possible implication in terms of luminal environment and consequences for gut physiology and health.

Development of a human rotavirus induced diarrhea model in Chinese mini-pigs

AIM: to establish a new animal model for the research of human rotavirus(HRV) infection, its pathogenesis and immunity and evaluation of potential vaccines.METHODS: 5-d, 30-d and 60-d-old Chinese mini-pigs, Guizhou and bamma, were inoculated with a single oral dose of attenuated strain Wa, G1, G3 of HRV, and PbS(control), respectively, and fecal samples of pigs from 0 to 7 d post infection(DPI) were collected individually. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect HRV antigen in feces. the HRV was tested by real-time PCR(Rt-PCR). the sections of the intestinal tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe the morphologic variation by microscopy. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the HRV in intestinal tissue. HRV particles in cells of the ileum were observed by electron micrography.RESULTS: When inoculated with HRV, mini-pigs younger than 30 d developed diarrhea in an agedependent manner and shed HRV antigen of the sameinoculum, as demonstrated by Rt- PCR.Histopathological changes were observed in HRV inoculated mini-pigs including small intestinal cell tumefaction and necrosis. HRV that was distributed in the small intestine was restricted to the top part of the villi on the internal wall of the ileum, which was observed by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Virus particles were observed in Golgi like follicles in HRV-infected neonatal minipigs. Guizhou mini-pigs were more sensitive to HRV than bamma with respect to RV antigen shedding and clinical diarrhea.CONCLUSION: these results indicate that we have established a mini-pig model of HRV induced diarrhea. Our findings are useful for the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of HRV infection.

石油烃厌氧降解关键基因masD和bamA的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法与应用

masD和bamA是控制石油烃厌氧降解的关键基因,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测masD和bamA基因具有简便快速和易操作等优点.但目前所用方法存在扩增效率低,方法灵敏度较差的问题.本文根据引物设计原则,利用Allele ID6软件重新设计了扩增masD和bamA的实时荧光定量PCR引物,将质粒DNA进行8次10倍梯度稀释后构建实时荧光定量PCR标准曲线.优化后的体系(20μL)为:FastStart Essential DNA Green Master 10.0μL,上下游引物各0.4μL,RNase-Free Water 4.2μL,5.0μL DNA模板.利用新设计的引物扩增masD和bamA基因的最适退火温度分别为61℃和57℃.优化后的检测方法扩增效率提高至97.5%和71.2%,比文献报道的方法提高了7.6%—44.5%,具有更高的重复性和灵敏度.利用设计的引物对陕北5个地区石油污染土壤中的masD和bamA基因进行定量检测结果表明,石油污染土壤中普遍存在着控制石油烃厌氧降解的关键基因,所测定的土壤中bamA降解基因的拷贝数远高于masD降解基因.

Molecular and cellular changes in the post-traumatic spinal cord remodeling after autoinfusion of a genetically-enriched leucoconcentrate in a mini-pig model

Post-traumatic spinal cord remodeling includes both degenerating and regenerating processes,which affect the potency of the functional recovery after spinal cord injury(SCI).Gene therapy for spinal cord injury is proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy to induce positive changes in remodeling of the affected neural tissue.In our previous studies for delivering the therapeutic genes at the site of spinal cord injury,we developed a new approach using an autologous leucoconcentrate transduced ex vivo with chimeric adenoviruses(Ad5/35)carrying recombinant cDNA.In the present study,the efficacy of the intravenous infusion of an autologous genetically-enriched leucoconcentrate simultaneously producing recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),and neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM)was evaluated with regard to the molecular and cellular changes in remodeling of the spinal cord tissue at the site of damage in a model of mini-pigs with moderate spinal cord injury.Experimental animals were randomly divided into two groups of 4 pigs each:the therapeutic(infused with the leucoconcentrate simultaneously transduced with a combination of the three chimeric adenoviral vectors Ad5/35‐VEGF165,Ad5/35‐GDNF,and Ad5/35‐NCAM1)and control groups(infused with intact leucoconcentrate).The morphometric and immunofluorescence analysis of the spinal cord regeneration in the rostral and caudal segments according to the epicenter of the injury in the treated animals compared to the control mini-pigs showed:(1)higher sparing of the grey matter and increased survivability of the spinal cord cells(lower number of Caspase-3-positive cells and decreased expression of Hsp27);(2)recovery of synaptophysin expression;(3)prevention of astrogliosis(lower area of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1-positive microglial cells);(4)higher growth rates of regeneratingβIII-tubulin-positive axons accompanied by a higher number of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2-positive oligodendroglial cells in the lateral corticospinal tract region.These results revealed the efficacy of intravenous infusion of the autologous genetically-enriched leucoconcentrate producing recombinant VEGF,GDNF,and NCAM in the acute phase of spinal cord injury on the positive changes in the post-traumatic remodeling nervous tissue at the site of direct injury.Our data provide a solid platform for a new ex vivo gene therapy for spinal cord injury and will facilitate further translation of regenerative therapies in clinical neurology.

Whole-genome sequencing study to identify candidate markers indicating susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Bama miniature pigs

Background:Hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites have been found to be potential genetic markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,SNPs related to T2DM in minipigs have been less reported.This study aimed to screen the T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP loci in Bama minipigs so as to improve the success rate of the minipig T2DM model.Methods:The genomic DNAs of three Bama minipigs with T2DM,six sibling lowsusceptibility minipigs with T2DM,and three normal control minipigs were compared by whole-genome sequencing.The T2DM Bama minipig-specific loci were obtained,and their functions were annotated.Meanwhile,the Biomart software was used to perform homology alignment with T2DM-related loci obtained from the human genome-wide association study to screen candidate SNP markers for T2DM in Bama miniature pigs.Results:Whole-genome resequencing detected 6960 specific loci in the minipigs with T2DM,and 13 loci corresponding to 9 diabetes-related genes were selected.Further,a set of 122 specific loci in 69 orthologous genes of human T2DM candidate genes were obtained in the pigs.Collectively,a batch of T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP markers in Bama minipigs,covering 16 genes and 135 loci,was established.Conclusions:Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis of the orthologous genes in pigs that corresponded to the human T2DM-related variant loci successfully screened out T2DM-susceptible candidate markers in Bama miniature pigs.Using these loci to predict the susceptibility of the pigs before constructing an animal model of T2DM may help to establish an ideal animal model.

母猪饲粮添加益生菌和合生元对子代巴马香猪肌肉氨基酸组成及生长发育相关基因表达的影响

[目的]本文旨在研究母猪饲粮添加益生菌和合生元对子代巴马香猪肌肉氨基酸组成及相关基因表达的影响。[方法]选用64头妊娠巴马香猪,随机分为对照组(基础饲粮)、抗生素组(50 g·t^(-1)维吉尼亚霉素)、益生菌组(200 mL·d^(-1)益生菌发酵液)和合生元组(500 g·t^(-1)低聚木糖+200 mL·d^(-1)益生菌发酵液),每组16头母猪,单栏饲养。母猪在整个妊娠期和哺乳期饲喂相应试验饲粮;仔猪断奶后,每窝选取2头仔猪,每组32头(8栏,每栏4头),饲喂基础饲粮。分别于65、95和125日龄每组选取8头采集股二头肌和腰大肌样品,测定其水解氨基酸组成和相关基因的表达量。[结果]与对照组相比,合生元组子代巴马香猪股二头肌粗蛋白、Gly、Ser、Ala、Asp、Glu、Pro和Ile含量,腰大肌Gly、Glu、Ser和His含量均显著增加(P<0.05);益生菌组子代巴马香猪股二头肌肌肉萎缩F-box蛋白32和生肌调节因子(MyoG)、腰大肌生肌因子5(Myf5)的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),腰大肌肌球蛋白重链Ⅱb(MyHCⅡb)、股二头肌和腰大肌肌肉生长抑制素(MSTN)的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05);合生元组子代巴马香猪股二头肌Myf6、生肌分化因子和MyoG以及腰大肌Myf5和MyoG的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),股二头肌MSTN的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05);益生菌组和合生元组子代巴马香猪股二头肌MyHCⅡx的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05);抗生素组子代巴马香猪腰大肌MyHCⅡx的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),而股二头肌MyHCⅠ和腰大肌MyHCⅡa的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05)。[结论]母猪饲粮添加益生菌和合生元可改变子代巴马香猪肌肉氨基酸组成,调控生肌因子相关基因表达,上调氧化型肌纤维基因的表达、下调酵解型肌纤维基因的表达,从而有利于肉品质的改善。

巴马小型猪仰卧位的新型固定方法

目的 研究广西巴马小型猪仰卧位的固定方法以便于动物实验的开展。方法 选择行胸腔器官获取的广西巴马小型猪12头,接受全身麻醉后采用专用的固定装置进行仰卧位固定。结果 12头广西巴马小型猪在手术中体位得到很好的保持,未发生侧翻、移位等现象。结论 采用专用的固定装置对广西巴马小型猪进行仰卧位固定是一种简单有效的方法。

丘陵地区重要集镇预警雨量值计算技术研究——以广西巴马县燕洞镇为例

预警雨量值计算是山洪灾害防治非工程措施中的重要环节。为研究丘陵地区重要集镇预警雨量值计算方法,选取广西巴马县燕洞镇作为典型区域,通过设计暴雨、设计洪水、水位流量关系转换等方法,确定了预警时段、预警阈值等关键结论。

基于16S rRNA测序分析敲除基因ZBED6后巴马猪肠道微生物菌群的变化

旨在探究在巴马猪中ZBED6基因敲除之后肠道菌群的变化和肌肉表型的关联。本研究以5月龄野生型和ZBED6敲除型广西巴马小型猪为研究对象,按性别和基因型分成3组进行比较,分别是野生型公猪比野生型母猪(公WT:母WT)、野生型母猪比敲除型母猪(母WT:母KO)、野生型公猪比敲除型公猪(公WT:公KO),利用16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术分析各肠段微生物组成。结果表明:1)在巴马猪中,大肠的菌群多样性显著高于小肠;2)与雌性野生型猪相比,雄性野生型猪瘦肉率更高,回肠苏黎世杆菌属、盲肠链球菌属、直肠消化链球菌属在雄性野生型猪中显著富集,回肠乳杆菌属在雌性野生型猪中显著富集;3)敲除ZBED6之后,猪的肌肉生长增加。肠道菌群组成显示,母猪的回肠中乳杆菌含量显著下降,盲肠中SMB53的含量显著上升。敲除ZBED6后,公猪直肠中普雷沃菌属和瘤胃球菌属的含量显著上升,盲肠中SMB53的含量显著上升。结果提示,苏黎世杆菌属、链球菌属、消化链球菌属和乳杆菌属在肠道内的差异可能会影响能量代谢从而促进雄性野生型猪的肌肉生长;敲除了ZBED6之后,猪的盲肠中SMB53丰度的显著增加可能是导致肌肉增多的一个因素。

含血必净注射液的供心保存灌注液对ECMO支持下离体空跳猪心心肌保护作用观察

目的观察含血必净注射液的供心保存灌注液对体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)支持下离体空跳猪心的心肌保护作用,并探讨其可能的机制。方法选取健康成年广西巴马小型猪12只,随机分成血必净组和对照组,每组6只。血必净组和对照组均采用ECMO支持猪离体空跳心脏,分别用含50 mL血必净注射液、生理盐水的去白细胞氧合血连续灌注,维持心脏空跳8 h。灌注0 h(T1)、2 h(T2)、4 h(T3)、6 h(T4)、8 h(T5),记录两组心率、灌注压、灌注流量,采用ELISA法检测各时间点灌注液炎症相关指标白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平。使用全自动生化分析仪检测两组全身肝素化后且灌注前(T0)及T1~T5时间点灌注液心肌损伤标志物cTnT(cTnT)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平。透射电镜下观察两组T5时间点的心肌组织超微结构。结果两组T1~T5时间点心率、灌注压、灌注流量比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与同组T1时间点比较,对照组T3~T5时间点灌注液IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、cTnT、CK、CK-MB、LDH水平均升高,血必净组T4~T5时间点灌注液cTnT、CK、CK-MB、LDH水平均升高(P均<0.05);血必净组T3~T5时间点灌注液IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、cTnT水平均低于对照组,T2~T5时间点灌注液CK、CK-MB、LDH水平均低于对照组(P均<0.05)。心肌组织超微结构:对照组心肌组织中重度退行性变、脂肪变,细胞内基质大面积溶解,肌纤维结构排列紊乱、大量断裂,线粒体大多肿胀严重、大小不均,细胞膜溶解、破损;与对照组比较,血必净组细胞结构损伤相对较轻,心肌细胞轻度肥大,线粒体轻度肿胀、大小均一,肌纤维粗细均匀、排列整齐。结论含血必净注射液的供心保存灌注液对ECMO支持下离体空跳猪心具有心肌保护作用,其机制可能与抑制炎症反应、减轻心肌细胞线粒体损伤有关。

基于转录组测序的巴马香猪和杜洛克猪骨骼肌差异lncRNA分析

【目的】通过对巴马香猪和杜洛克猪背最长肌组织进行转录组测序鉴定差异表达lncRNA,筛选与骨骼肌发育形成相关的候选基因,为明确lncRNA对骨骼肌生长发育的调控机制提供理论基础。【方法】采集12月龄的巴马香猪和杜洛克猪背最长肌组织进行转录组测序,以错误发现率(FDR)<0.05且|log2Fold Change|>1为标准筛选差异表达基因(DEGs)和差异表达lncRNA,并进行实时荧光定量PCR验证,预测差异表达lncRNA靶基因并进行GO功能注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析,选取表达差异最大的lncRNA构建其与靶基因互作网络。【结果】在巴马香猪和杜洛克猪背肌间共鉴定出6316个DEGs和675个差异表达lncRNA;GO功能注释分析结果表明,差异表达lncRNA靶基因主要涉及代谢过程、肌肉组织发育及骨骼肌细胞增殖和分化等生物过程;KEGG信号通路富集分析结果表明,差异表达lncRNA靶基因在Hippo和Wnt信号通路显著富集(P<0.05),说明差异表达lncRNA与骨骼肌细胞的增殖、自噬和分化相关;对表达差异最大的lncRNA-MSTRG.16703进行实时荧光定量PCR验证,发现其在巴马香猪中的相对表达量极显著高于杜洛克猪(P<0.01),与转录组测序结果一致。lncRNA-MSTRG.16703与靶基因互作网络分析结果表明,上调靶基因包括QKI、MBNL1和YBX2,QKI和MBNL1在均与可变剪接相关。【结论】在巴马香猪和杜洛克猪间发现的差异表达lncRNA是调控骨骼肌发育的候选基因,其靶基因主要富集在Hippo和Wnt等骨骼肌发育相关信号通路。lncRNA-MSTRG.16703的表达差异最大且在巴马香猪中上调,其靶基因在骨骼肌细胞增殖分化和肌纤维形成中有重要调控作用。

“酶、植物提取物和益生菌”复方制剂对巴马香猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响

探讨“酶、植物提取物和益生菌”复方制剂对巴马香猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响,为“酶、植物提取物和益生菌”复方制剂的科学应用提供参考。试验选取健康状况相近的3月龄巴马香猪60头,平均体重15 kg左右,公母随机,分为对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每组20头巴马香猪,每组4个重复,每个重复5头。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组饲喂基础日粮+100 g/kg植物提取物,试验2组饲喂基础日粮+100 g/kg“酶、植物提取物和益生菌”复方制剂,试验为期28 d。测定各组猪只的生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化指标。结果表明,“酶、植物提取物和益生菌”复方制剂能提高巴马香猪的生长性能、机体免疫力和抗氧化能力。

Approaches for Improvement of Competitiveness of Bama Rural Health-caring Tourism from the Deep Perspective of Tourism,China

After analysis of characteristics of Bama rural health-caring tourism,it had highlighted monopolisticness of longevity culture,diversity of tourist resources,and harmony between human and nature.The paper pointed out that,to accelerate new countryside construction of Bama rural health-caring tourism,it should realize nearby employment and increase farmers' income;complete construction of rural basic facilities;ameliorate rural sanitary condition and transform villagers' thought;promote adjustment of rural industrial structure;and establish protection mechanism of longevous people.After survey on development of Bama rural tourism,it concluded bottlenecks restricting Bama rural tourism development,which were that environment at longevity area had suffered pollution;that the development was disordered and lacked of management;and that basic facilities waited for improvement.On this basis,approaches for improvement of competitiveness of Bama health-caring tourism had been proposed.It emphasized that it should enhance protection of longevity tourist resources,build farmhouse inn demonstration base,implement admittance system,establish community health-care system,beneficial to realizing economic,social and ecological benefits,and further manifesting its exuberant vitality.

舒泰复合右美托咪定两种给药方案对巴马小型猪麻醉效果观察

【目的】探究不同舒泰复合右美托咪定给药方案对巴马小型猪麻醉效果的影响。【方法】将8头巴马小型猪随机均分为静脉注射(Ⅳ)组和肌内注射(IM)组,麻醉间隔期为14 d。Ⅳ组耳缘静脉注射舒泰3.3 mg/kg+右美托咪定8μg/kg;IM组耳后颈部肌内注射舒泰4.6 mg/kg+右美托咪定11.2μg/kg。在麻醉过程中对巴马小型猪的麻醉时期、麻醉效果、生理指标及生物反射进行监测。【结果】Ⅳ组麻醉诱导时间、维持时间、苏醒时间分别为3.75、85.75和30.25 min。IM组麻醉诱导时间、维持时间、苏醒时间分别为7.13、107.00和41.00 min。Ⅳ和IM组分别可维持50和65 min外科麻醉期。IM组80~110 min时麻醉效果评分显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。麻醉过程中两种方案的体温(T)下降,心率(HR)和血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))先降低后升高,呼吸频率(RR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒展压(DBP)和平均动脉压(MAP)先升高后降低。IM组50~80 min时RR显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。IM组10~15 min时SBP显著低于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。Ⅳ和IM组生物反射完全抑制时间分别为45和50 min。【结论】舒泰复合右美托咪定对巴马小型猪麻醉效果良好,诱导迅速,维持时间长,苏醒平稳,对巴马小型猪生理指标和生物反射影响较小,其中IM组麻醉方案比Ⅳ组更适合临床外科手术和科研教学使用。

Cholinesterase Activity as an Indicator of Health Risks among Kou Valley Farmers

Introduction: Pesticides are currently an essential component of agricultural production techniques for controlling pests and weeds. In Burkina Faso, non-compliance with good practice in the use of pesticides poses a real health problem for the population. This study examines the health risks associated with pesticide management in rice-growing areas. Material and Methods: A field survey was conducted in Bama, involving farmers, focusing on their socio-demographic characteristics, pesticide usage, and health effects. Cholinesterase levels were measured in subsample of farmers using a portable device. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel, calculating means and percentages for various practices. Health consultations, protection methods, and pesticide management were studied. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was compared before and after treatment. Data were categorised into classes based on inhibition levels, and correlation analyses determined relationships between variables such as age, years of experience, and cholinesterase activity. Results: The results indicate that rice cultivation is mainly carried out by a fairly young population, with nearly 63% being under the age of 50. Common poor practices in pesticide use include improper storage and reuse of leftover pesticides. Seven types of pesticides were identified, including organophosphates such as glyphosate, which was used in 26.7% of cases. This organophosphate has resulted in class B poisoning, causing a 30% - 50% reduction in erythrocyte cholinesterase activity. The health effects of pesticide use are felt by agricultural farmers through various symptoms of poisoning. Conclusion: To reduce the occurrence of pesticide poisoning, it is essential to launch information and awareness campaigns among the population and farmers to promote safe practices in pesticide use in Bama, Burkina Faso.

Single-cell profiling of the pig cecum at various developmental stages

The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding of cellular diversity,functional heterogeneity,and their importance in intestinal tract development and disease.Although such profiling has been extensively conducted in humans and mice,the single-cell gene expression landscape of the pig cecum remains unexplored.Here,single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 45572 cells obtained from seven cecal samples in pigs at four different developmental stages(days(D)30,42,150,and 730).Analysis revealed 12 major cell types and 38 subtypes,as well as their distinctive genes,transcription factors,and regulons,many of which were conserved in humans.An increase in the relative proportions of CD8^(+)T and Granzyme A(low expression)natural killer T cells(GZMA^(low)NKT)cells and a decrease in the relative proportions of epithelial stem cells,Tregs,RHEX^(+)T cells,and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)were noted across the developmental stages.Moreover,the post-weaning period exhibited an up-regulation in mitochondrial genes,COX2 and ND2,as well as genes involved in immune activation in multiple cell types.Cell-cell crosstalk analysis indicated that IBP6^(+)fibroblasts were the main signal senders at D30,whereas IBP6^(−)fibroblasts assumed this role at the other stages.NKT cells established interactions with epithelial cells and IBP6^(+)fibroblasts in the D730 cecum through mediation of GZMA-F2RL1/F2RL2 pairs.This study provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity and function in the pig cecum at different development stages.