Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was used to determine the contents of 25 inorganic elements in basal part, meat and shell of bamboo shoots. It could be concluded th...Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was used to determine the contents of 25 inorganic elements in basal part, meat and shell of bamboo shoots. It could be concluded that the method could be applied to determine 25 inorganic elements in bamboo shoots. The elements with a dry basis content higher than 10 mg/kg were listed in the order of content decrease as follows, basal part of bamboo shoots: K > Ca > Mg > Mn > P > Al > Fe > Zn > Na;bamboo shoots meat: K > P > Ca > Mg > Mn > Fe > Al > Zn > Na > Ba > Sr;bamboo shoots shell: K > P > Mg > Ca > Mn > Al > Fe > Na > Zn;B, Pb, Cu, Cr ranged from 1.0 - 10 mg/kg;Ga, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, V, Co, Ni were lower than 0.80 mg/kg. The harmful elements Cd, As, Cr, Hg, Pb were commonly monitored in feeds. The wet basis content (mg/kg) of Cd, As, Cr was lower than: 0.028, 0.022 and 0.42 respectively;no Hg was found;the content of Pb(mg/kg) in basal part, meat and shell of bamboo shoots was 0.82, 0.35 and 0.41 respectively. The results provide basic data for the development of bamboo shoots and its byproduct.展开更多
Bamboo shoots can be harvested at different ages but the data on the changes in nutritional composition with age are scanty. We standardized harvesting age of bamboo shoots in central India to obtain best quality prod...Bamboo shoots can be harvested at different ages but the data on the changes in nutritional composition with age are scanty. We standardized harvesting age of bamboo shoots in central India to obtain best quality produce with respect to nutritional composition. The shoots harvested on different days (2–20 days after emergence from ground) were analyzed for their nutritional (dietary fibres, carbohydrates, proteins, total phenols, ascorbic acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and phenolic acids) and anti nutritional (cyanogen) constituents. A significant variation (at p ≤ 0.5) was observed in the nutritional composition of shoots of Dendrocalamus asper, D. strictus and Bambusa tulda harvested at different days. An overall decrease was observed in proteins and total phenols while dietary fibres and carbohydrates increased with ages. Significant variation (at p ≤ 0.5) was also observed in phenolic acids while minerals did not vary significantly. Results revealed that the optimum harvesting age for D. asper, D. strictus and B. tulda was on 10–14 days, 6–10 days and 10–16 days (after emergence from the ground) respectively. These results can be used to obtain quality bamboo shoots.展开更多
With bamboo shoot shell nanofibers(BSN) and konjac glucomannan(KGM) as precursor materials, the BSN/KGM aerogels were prepared in different proportions by sol-gel method. The surface morphology, microstructure, ch...With bamboo shoot shell nanofibers(BSN) and konjac glucomannan(KGM) as precursor materials, the BSN/KGM aerogels were prepared in different proportions by sol-gel method. The surface morphology, microstructure, characteristic functional groups and thermal properties of BSN/KGM aerogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), infrared spectroscopy(IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The effect of BSN on the structure and properties of BSN/KGM aerogels was also studied. The results showed that the BSN/KGM aerogels possessed network porous structure with compact and homogeneous porosity, high specific surface area and low density. With the increase of BSN, the sheet structure of aerogels was converted into the 3D porous network structure, which contributes significantly higher thermal stability. In addition, the BSN/KGM aerogels showed excellent mechanical properties. The maximum relative compression rate was 62%, suggesting the addition of BSN can enhance the compression properties of the BSN/KGM aerogels.展开更多
A novel fluorescent composition was firstly isolated from natural winter fresh Moso bamboo shoots,and its optical properties were fully investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy.It could emit strong blue light both in...A novel fluorescent composition was firstly isolated from natural winter fresh Moso bamboo shoots,and its optical properties were fully investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy.It could emit strong blue light both in solid and solution state,providing high fluorescence intensity in ethanol.The solution’s concentration and addition of water greatly affected the fluorescence intensity,high concentration and addition of much water could quench fluorescence.Apoptosis results showed that the fluorescent extract(0-25 mg/L)could not induce apoptosis of Hela cells.Confocal fluorescent microscopic imaging in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells(HepG2)was realized using the fluorescent extract,it could dye the whole cell well which was different from 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)only dying cell nucleus.The fluorescent extract may be candidate for future natural fluorescent bio-imaging agent.展开更多
Bamboo shoot shell(BSS),a by-product from bamboo shoot processing industries,is a natural resource of cellulose. In this study,high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was employed to produce ...Bamboo shoot shell(BSS),a by-product from bamboo shoot processing industries,is a natural resource of cellulose. In this study,high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was employed to produce BSS cellulose nanofiber(CNF),and the structure was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy(AFM),high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HTTEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and ^13 C nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). Moreover,the structure and properties of CNF were compared with those of BSS insoluble dietary fiber(IDF). The results showed that CNF was in the form of a grid-like micro fiber,and its particle size was obviously reduced,while the crystallinity,thermal stability and solubility were increased. The results indicated that high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was an effective method to prepare the BSS CNF,which could be a promising biopolymer reinforced material.展开更多
With the continuous development of agricultural industry cluster,agricultural regional brand plays a significant role in the sustainable development of the region,and it is urgent to build the agricultural cluster bra...With the continuous development of agricultural industry cluster,agricultural regional brand plays a significant role in the sustainable development of the region,and it is urgent to build the agricultural cluster brand. Based on the background of industrial cluster,this paper firstly introduced the brand of Tianmu Lei bamboo shoots. Using the method of questionnaire survey,it made SPSS analysis of the acquired data. From the five factors influencing the brand image,namely,brand awareness,brand value,brand association,product attribute awareness,and brand loyalty,and then came up with strategies for improving the brand image of Tianmu Lei bamboo shoots.展开更多
Levulinic acid(LA) has been identified as a promising green,biomass derived platform chemical.Response surface analysis(RSA) with a four-factor-five-level central composite design(CCD) was applied to optimize the hydr...Levulinic acid(LA) has been identified as a promising green,biomass derived platform chemical.Response surface analysis(RSA) with a four-factor-five-level central composite design(CCD) was applied to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for the conversion of bamboo(Phyllostachys Praecox f.preveynalis) shoot shell(BSS) to LA catalyzed with ionic liquid [C4mim]HSO4.The effects of four main reaction parameters including temperature,time,C[C4mim]HSO4(initial [C4mim]HSO4 concentration) and XBSS(initial BSS intake) on the hydrolysis reaction for yield of LA were analyzed.A quadratic equation model for yield of LA was established and fitted to the data with an R2 of 0.9868,and effects of main factors and their corresponding relationships were obtained with RSA.Model validation and results of CCD showed good correspondence between actual and predicted values.The analysis of variance(ANOVA) of the results indicated that the yield of LA in the range studied was significantly(P<0.05) affected by the four factors.The optimized reaction conditions were as follows:temperature of 145 ℃,time of 103.8 min,C[C4mim]HSO4 of 0.9 mol.L-1 and XBSS of 2.04%(by mass),respectively.A high yield [(71±0.41)%(by mol),triplicate experiment] was obtained at the optimum conditions of temperature of 145 ℃,time of 104 min,C[C4mim]HSO4 of 0.9 mol.L-1 and XBSS of 2%(by mass),which obtained from the real experiments,concurred with the model prediction [73.8%(by mol) based on available C6 sugars in BSS or 17.9%(by mass) based on the mass of BSS],indicating that the model was adequate for the hydrolysis process.展开更多
In this work,the medium internal phase O/W Pickering emulsions stabilized with bamboo shoots nanocellulose(BSNC)was successfully fabricated.The nanocellulose extracted from bamboo shoots with an average width of 56.37...In this work,the medium internal phase O/W Pickering emulsions stabilized with bamboo shoots nanocellulose(BSNC)was successfully fabricated.The nanocellulose extracted from bamboo shoots with an average width of 56.37 nm and height of 7.44 nm showed great potential as an emulsifier in the Pickering emulsions.The effects of BSNC content,oil-water ratio and emulsification process on the structure,stability and rheology of the resultant Pickering emulsions was explored.The obtained emulsion with the BSNC content of 0.5 wt%at the oil to water volume ratio of 5:5 had a lower particle size of around 25μm.With the increasing BSNC content,the emulsions presented increased droplet size,and even demulsification occurred.Interestingly,the physicochemical properties of the emulsions could be significantly improved through twice shearing,which effectively reduced droplet size.The surface coverage was above 100%for the Pickering emulsions stabilized with the BSNC content of 0.5%-1.1%.With the increasing BSNC content,the apparent viscosity was increased first and then decreased,and all emulsions showed elastic behaviors.This work would provide theoretical guidance for preparing medium or high internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilized with nanocellulose.展开更多
Initiatives on tackling food insecurity among global emerging economies are being focused on enriching native staple foods with locally available nutritious underutilized crops. The objective of this study was to opti...Initiatives on tackling food insecurity among global emerging economies are being focused on enriching native staple foods with locally available nutritious underutilized crops. The objective of this study was to optimize protein content and dietary fibre in rice (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oryza sativa</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) flour using Sorghum (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sorghum bicolor</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) and Bamboo shoots (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Yushania alpine</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). An extreme vertices design of mixture approach with 11 runs was employed in the study using MINITAB</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">®</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> software. The 11 blends from 11 generated runs and individual ingredient samples were analyzed for nutritional composition. Energy value and energy-to-protein ratio for the samples was calculated. Bamboo shoots flour (BSF) had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">highest content for all proximate components except total carbohydrates on dry weight basis. Rice had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> highest content of total carbohydrates at 77.71% and energy to protein ratio of 53.72 kcal/g. Sorghum had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> highest mean total phenolic and condensed tannins of 45.512 (mg GAE/kg) and 2.512 (mg CE/g) while rice the least with 0.042 (mg GAE/kg) and 0.102 (mg CE/g), respectively. Fresh bamboo shoots had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> highest level content of HCN of 117.81 mg/kg. Other dried ingredients had a mean HCN content of 2.313, 1.584 and 0.066 mg/kg for dried BSF, sorghum and rice respectively. Increasing the quantity of BSF and sorghum flour in the blends consequentially increased the protein content, dietary fibre and total minerals. Optimum blend was established to be 50:27:23 for rice, sorghum and BSF, respectively. This blend had 13.4% protein, 6.2% dietary fibre and 3.9% total minerals. Regression analysis showed that apart from dry matter, all other constituents were significantly predictable during optimization with R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.7530. Cluster analysis showed that the nutritional components analyzed are in four main clusters. Cluster 1: Dry matter and protein digestibility, cluster 2: Carbohydrates, energy value and energy ratio, cluster 3: Protein, fibre and ash while cluster 4: Crude fat only. These findings of the optimum composite ratio and other blends could contribute in addressing the food insecurity for low income countries.展开更多
Science and technology are the primers of productivity. This widely cited slogan often attributed to Deng Xiaoping is the key to the survival of many private
In winter, winter bamboo shootsreputed as "delicacies from theland" again become guest of honoron dinner tables.Winter bamboo shoots, alsocalled nanzhu bamboo shoots,
SOON we’ll celebrate the new year. According to Hangzhou tradition, every family will cook a hot dish for this feast which will include shredded winter bamboo shoots, hotbed chives, shredded meat and smoked bean curd...SOON we’ll celebrate the new year. According to Hangzhou tradition, every family will cook a hot dish for this feast which will include shredded winter bamboo shoots, hotbed chives, shredded meat and smoked bean curd. In addition, some families will also cook a dish of "展开更多
Three cooking methods,namely boiling,steaming,and stir-frying for 5 to 10 min,were used to evaluate the effect on nutrient components,free amino acids,L-ascorbic acid,total phenolic contents,and antioxidant capacities...Three cooking methods,namely boiling,steaming,and stir-frying for 5 to 10 min,were used to evaluate the effect on nutrient components,free amino acids,L-ascorbic acid,total phenolic contents,and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots(Phyllostachys praecox).Results showed that boiling and stir-frying had a great effect on the nutrient components and they decreased the contents of protein,soluble sugar,and ash,and caused a great loss in the total free amino acids(decreased by 38.35% and 34.86%,respectively).Significant differences(P<0.05) in free amino acids were observed in the samples cooked by different methods.Stir-fried bamboo shoots had a high fat content which increased by 528.57% because of the addition of edible oil.After boiling,the L-ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents were significantly reduced,while steaming increased total phenolic content by 3.98% and stir-frying well-preserved L-ascorbic acid(78.87% of its previous content).Results of the antioxidative property study showed that stir-frying could increase antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots.It is concluded that stir-frying is more suitable for bamboo shoots because it could obtain the maximum retention of antioxidant capacities.展开更多
文摘Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was used to determine the contents of 25 inorganic elements in basal part, meat and shell of bamboo shoots. It could be concluded that the method could be applied to determine 25 inorganic elements in bamboo shoots. The elements with a dry basis content higher than 10 mg/kg were listed in the order of content decrease as follows, basal part of bamboo shoots: K > Ca > Mg > Mn > P > Al > Fe > Zn > Na;bamboo shoots meat: K > P > Ca > Mg > Mn > Fe > Al > Zn > Na > Ba > Sr;bamboo shoots shell: K > P > Mg > Ca > Mn > Al > Fe > Na > Zn;B, Pb, Cu, Cr ranged from 1.0 - 10 mg/kg;Ga, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, V, Co, Ni were lower than 0.80 mg/kg. The harmful elements Cd, As, Cr, Hg, Pb were commonly monitored in feeds. The wet basis content (mg/kg) of Cd, As, Cr was lower than: 0.028, 0.022 and 0.42 respectively;no Hg was found;the content of Pb(mg/kg) in basal part, meat and shell of bamboo shoots was 0.82, 0.35 and 0.41 respectively. The results provide basic data for the development of bamboo shoots and its byproduct.
基金funded by National Bamboo Mission,Govt. of India
文摘Bamboo shoots can be harvested at different ages but the data on the changes in nutritional composition with age are scanty. We standardized harvesting age of bamboo shoots in central India to obtain best quality produce with respect to nutritional composition. The shoots harvested on different days (2–20 days after emergence from ground) were analyzed for their nutritional (dietary fibres, carbohydrates, proteins, total phenols, ascorbic acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and phenolic acids) and anti nutritional (cyanogen) constituents. A significant variation (at p ≤ 0.5) was observed in the nutritional composition of shoots of Dendrocalamus asper, D. strictus and Bambusa tulda harvested at different days. An overall decrease was observed in proteins and total phenols while dietary fibres and carbohydrates increased with ages. Significant variation (at p ≤ 0.5) was also observed in phenolic acids while minerals did not vary significantly. Results revealed that the optimum harvesting age for D. asper, D. strictus and B. tulda was on 10–14 days, 6–10 days and 10–16 days (after emergence from the ground) respectively. These results can be used to obtain quality bamboo shoots.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31471704)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(No.324-1122yb034)
文摘With bamboo shoot shell nanofibers(BSN) and konjac glucomannan(KGM) as precursor materials, the BSN/KGM aerogels were prepared in different proportions by sol-gel method. The surface morphology, microstructure, characteristic functional groups and thermal properties of BSN/KGM aerogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), infrared spectroscopy(IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The effect of BSN on the structure and properties of BSN/KGM aerogels was also studied. The results showed that the BSN/KGM aerogels possessed network porous structure with compact and homogeneous porosity, high specific surface area and low density. With the increase of BSN, the sheet structure of aerogels was converted into the 3D porous network structure, which contributes significantly higher thermal stability. In addition, the BSN/KGM aerogels showed excellent mechanical properties. The maximum relative compression rate was 62%, suggesting the addition of BSN can enhance the compression properties of the BSN/KGM aerogels.
基金by the Science and Technology Planned Projects of Zhejiang Province(2018F10009)the National Key Research&Development(R&D)plan(2016YFD060090305)+2 种基金the Promotion of Project of Forestry Science and Technology of the Chinese Forestry Administration([2016]22)the International Joint Project Between Mars Incorporated and China National Bamboo Research Center(PRSD-026-13)the Science and Technology Planned Projects of Zhejiang Province(2017E8002).
文摘A novel fluorescent composition was firstly isolated from natural winter fresh Moso bamboo shoots,and its optical properties were fully investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy.It could emit strong blue light both in solid and solution state,providing high fluorescence intensity in ethanol.The solution’s concentration and addition of water greatly affected the fluorescence intensity,high concentration and addition of much water could quench fluorescence.Apoptosis results showed that the fluorescent extract(0-25 mg/L)could not induce apoptosis of Hela cells.Confocal fluorescent microscopic imaging in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells(HepG2)was realized using the fluorescent extract,it could dye the whole cell well which was different from 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)only dying cell nucleus.The fluorescent extract may be candidate for future natural fluorescent bio-imaging agent.
文摘Bamboo shoot shell(BSS),a by-product from bamboo shoot processing industries,is a natural resource of cellulose. In this study,high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was employed to produce BSS cellulose nanofiber(CNF),and the structure was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy(AFM),high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HTTEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and ^13 C nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). Moreover,the structure and properties of CNF were compared with those of BSS insoluble dietary fiber(IDF). The results showed that CNF was in the form of a grid-like micro fiber,and its particle size was obviously reduced,while the crystallinity,thermal stability and solubility were increased. The results indicated that high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was an effective method to prepare the BSS CNF,which could be a promising biopolymer reinforced material.
基金Supported by Student Science and Technology Innovation Program of Zhejiang University(New Talent Program)in 2015(2015R412011)Project of National Social Science Foundation(15BGL088)
文摘With the continuous development of agricultural industry cluster,agricultural regional brand plays a significant role in the sustainable development of the region,and it is urgent to build the agricultural cluster brand. Based on the background of industrial cluster,this paper firstly introduced the brand of Tianmu Lei bamboo shoots. Using the method of questionnaire survey,it made SPSS analysis of the acquired data. From the five factors influencing the brand image,namely,brand awareness,brand value,brand association,product attribute awareness,and brand loyalty,and then came up with strategies for improving the brand image of Tianmu Lei bamboo shoots.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30940058,31170672)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(Y3110025)+1 种基金Key Laboratory for Physical Processing of Agricultural Products(JAPP2010-4)Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource(2010F30003)
文摘Levulinic acid(LA) has been identified as a promising green,biomass derived platform chemical.Response surface analysis(RSA) with a four-factor-five-level central composite design(CCD) was applied to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for the conversion of bamboo(Phyllostachys Praecox f.preveynalis) shoot shell(BSS) to LA catalyzed with ionic liquid [C4mim]HSO4.The effects of four main reaction parameters including temperature,time,C[C4mim]HSO4(initial [C4mim]HSO4 concentration) and XBSS(initial BSS intake) on the hydrolysis reaction for yield of LA were analyzed.A quadratic equation model for yield of LA was established and fitted to the data with an R2 of 0.9868,and effects of main factors and their corresponding relationships were obtained with RSA.Model validation and results of CCD showed good correspondence between actual and predicted values.The analysis of variance(ANOVA) of the results indicated that the yield of LA in the range studied was significantly(P<0.05) affected by the four factors.The optimized reaction conditions were as follows:temperature of 145 ℃,time of 103.8 min,C[C4mim]HSO4 of 0.9 mol.L-1 and XBSS of 2.04%(by mass),respectively.A high yield [(71±0.41)%(by mol),triplicate experiment] was obtained at the optimum conditions of temperature of 145 ℃,time of 104 min,C[C4mim]HSO4 of 0.9 mol.L-1 and XBSS of 2%(by mass),which obtained from the real experiments,concurred with the model prediction [73.8%(by mol) based on available C6 sugars in BSS or 17.9%(by mass) based on the mass of BSS],indicating that the model was adequate for the hydrolysis process.
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(32072177).
文摘In this work,the medium internal phase O/W Pickering emulsions stabilized with bamboo shoots nanocellulose(BSNC)was successfully fabricated.The nanocellulose extracted from bamboo shoots with an average width of 56.37 nm and height of 7.44 nm showed great potential as an emulsifier in the Pickering emulsions.The effects of BSNC content,oil-water ratio and emulsification process on the structure,stability and rheology of the resultant Pickering emulsions was explored.The obtained emulsion with the BSNC content of 0.5 wt%at the oil to water volume ratio of 5:5 had a lower particle size of around 25μm.With the increasing BSNC content,the emulsions presented increased droplet size,and even demulsification occurred.Interestingly,the physicochemical properties of the emulsions could be significantly improved through twice shearing,which effectively reduced droplet size.The surface coverage was above 100%for the Pickering emulsions stabilized with the BSNC content of 0.5%-1.1%.With the increasing BSNC content,the apparent viscosity was increased first and then decreased,and all emulsions showed elastic behaviors.This work would provide theoretical guidance for preparing medium or high internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilized with nanocellulose.
文摘Initiatives on tackling food insecurity among global emerging economies are being focused on enriching native staple foods with locally available nutritious underutilized crops. The objective of this study was to optimize protein content and dietary fibre in rice (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oryza sativa</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) flour using Sorghum (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sorghum bicolor</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) and Bamboo shoots (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Yushania alpine</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). An extreme vertices design of mixture approach with 11 runs was employed in the study using MINITAB</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">®</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> software. The 11 blends from 11 generated runs and individual ingredient samples were analyzed for nutritional composition. Energy value and energy-to-protein ratio for the samples was calculated. Bamboo shoots flour (BSF) had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">highest content for all proximate components except total carbohydrates on dry weight basis. Rice had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> highest content of total carbohydrates at 77.71% and energy to protein ratio of 53.72 kcal/g. Sorghum had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> highest mean total phenolic and condensed tannins of 45.512 (mg GAE/kg) and 2.512 (mg CE/g) while rice the least with 0.042 (mg GAE/kg) and 0.102 (mg CE/g), respectively. Fresh bamboo shoots had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> highest level content of HCN of 117.81 mg/kg. Other dried ingredients had a mean HCN content of 2.313, 1.584 and 0.066 mg/kg for dried BSF, sorghum and rice respectively. Increasing the quantity of BSF and sorghum flour in the blends consequentially increased the protein content, dietary fibre and total minerals. Optimum blend was established to be 50:27:23 for rice, sorghum and BSF, respectively. This blend had 13.4% protein, 6.2% dietary fibre and 3.9% total minerals. Regression analysis showed that apart from dry matter, all other constituents were significantly predictable during optimization with R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.7530. Cluster analysis showed that the nutritional components analyzed are in four main clusters. Cluster 1: Dry matter and protein digestibility, cluster 2: Carbohydrates, energy value and energy ratio, cluster 3: Protein, fibre and ash while cluster 4: Crude fat only. These findings of the optimum composite ratio and other blends could contribute in addressing the food insecurity for low income countries.
文摘Science and technology are the primers of productivity. This widely cited slogan often attributed to Deng Xiaoping is the key to the survival of many private
文摘In winter, winter bamboo shootsreputed as "delicacies from theland" again become guest of honoron dinner tables.Winter bamboo shoots, alsocalled nanzhu bamboo shoots,
文摘SOON we’ll celebrate the new year. According to Hangzhou tradition, every family will cook a hot dish for this feast which will include shredded winter bamboo shoots, hotbed chives, shredded meat and smoked bean curd. In addition, some families will also cook a dish of "
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. KYJD09033)the National Key Technology R & DProgram of China (No. 2008BAD91B04)the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (Nos. 2010C12012 and 2008C02015),China
文摘Three cooking methods,namely boiling,steaming,and stir-frying for 5 to 10 min,were used to evaluate the effect on nutrient components,free amino acids,L-ascorbic acid,total phenolic contents,and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots(Phyllostachys praecox).Results showed that boiling and stir-frying had a great effect on the nutrient components and they decreased the contents of protein,soluble sugar,and ash,and caused a great loss in the total free amino acids(decreased by 38.35% and 34.86%,respectively).Significant differences(P<0.05) in free amino acids were observed in the samples cooked by different methods.Stir-fried bamboo shoots had a high fat content which increased by 528.57% because of the addition of edible oil.After boiling,the L-ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents were significantly reduced,while steaming increased total phenolic content by 3.98% and stir-frying well-preserved L-ascorbic acid(78.87% of its previous content).Results of the antioxidative property study showed that stir-frying could increase antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots.It is concluded that stir-frying is more suitable for bamboo shoots because it could obtain the maximum retention of antioxidant capacities.