^40Ar/^39Ar and Rb-Sr Ages of the Tiegelongnan Porphyry Cu-(Au)Deposit in the Bangong Co-Nujiang Metallogenic Belt of Tibet,China:Implication for Generation of Super-Large Deposit

The Tiegelongnan deposit is a newly discovered super-large porphyry-epithermal Cu-（Au） deposit in the western part of the Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt, Tibet（China）. Field geology and geochronology indicate that the porphyry mineralization was closely related to the Early Cretaceous intermediate-felsic intrusions（ca. 123–120 Ma）. Various epithermal ore and gangue mineral types were discovered in the middle-shallow part of the orebody, indicating the presence of epithermal mineralization at Tiegelongnan. Potassic, propylitic, phyllic and advanced argillic alteration zones were identified. 40Ar/39Ar dating of hydrothermal biotite（potassic zone）, sericite（phyllic zone）, and alunite（advanced argillic zone） in/around the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry yielded 121.1±0.6 Ma（1σ）, 120.8±0.7 Ma（1σ） and 117.9±1.6 Ma（1σ）, respectively. Five hydrothermal mineralization stages were identified, of which the Stage IV pyrite was Rb-Sr dated to be 117.5±1.8 Ma（2σ）, representing the end of epithermal mineralization. Field geology and geochronology suggest that both the epithermal and porphyry mineralization belong to the same magmatic-hydrothermal system. The Tiegelongnan super-large Cu-（Au） deposit may have undergone a prolonged magmatichydrothermal evolution, with the major mineralization event occurring at ca.120–117Ma.

Petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of the Zhongcang ophiolite, northern Tibet: implications for the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean

Ophiolites are widespread along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, northern Tibet. However, it is still debated on the formation ages and tectonic evolution process of these ophiolites. The Zhongcang ophiolite is a typical ophiolite in the western part of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. It is composed of serpentinized peridotite, cumulate and isotropic gabbros, massive and pillow basalts, basaltic volcanic breccia, and minor red chert. Zircon SHRIMP Ue Pb dating for the isotropic gabbro yielded weighted mean age of 163.4 ± 1.8 Ma. Positive zircon ε Hf(t) values(+15.0 to +20.2) and mantle-like σ^(18)O values(5.29 ±0.21)% indicate that the isotropic gabbros were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. The isotropic gabbros have normal mid-ocean ridge basalt(N-MORB) like immobile element patterns with high Mg O, low TiO_2 and moderate rare earth element(REE) abundances, and negative Nb,Ti, Zr and Hf anomalies. Basalts show typical oceanic island basalt(OIB) geochemical features, and they are similar to those of OIB-type rocks of the Early Cretaceous Zhongcang oceanic plateau within the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. Together with these data, we suggest that the Zhongcang ophiolite was probably formed by the subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean during the Middle Jurassic. The subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean could begin in the Earlye Middle Jurassic and continue to the Early Cretaceous, and finally continental collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes at the west Bangong-Nujiang suture zone probably has taken place later than the Early Cretaceous(ca. 110 Ma).

Hydrothermal Zircon Geochronology in the Shangxu Gold Deposit and its Implication for the Early Cretaceous Orogenic Gold Mineralization in the Middle Bangonghu–Nujiang Suture Zone

As a typical orogenic gold deposit in Tibet,Shangxu gold deposit is located at the Bangong Lake–Nujiang River Metallogenic Belt in the south of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.In this paper,zircon U-Pb dating,trace elements and Hf isotopic analysis were performed on Au-bearing quartz veins in the Shangxu gold deposit.Zircons from Au-bearing quartz veins can be divided into three types:detrital,magmatic,and hydrothermal zircons.There are two age peaks in detrital zircons:ca.1700 Ma and ca.2400 Ma.There are two groups of concordant ages including 157±4 Ma(MSWD=0.69)and 120±1 Ma(MSWD=0.19)in magmatic zircons,in whichεH f(t)value of ca.120 Ma from the magmatic zircons range from+8.24 to+12.9.An age of 119±2 Ma(MSWD=0.42)was yielded from hydrothermal zircons,and theirεH f(t)values vary between+15.7 and+16.4.According to sericite Ar-Ar age,this paper suggests that an age of 119±2 Ma from hydrothermal zircons represent the formation age of the Shangxu gold Deposit,and its mineralization should be related to the collision between Lhasa Block and Qiangtang Block.The metallogenic age is basically the same as the diagenetic age of Mugagangri granite,andεH f(t)value of hydrothermal zircon is significantly higher than that of the contemporaneous magmatic zircon,which indicates that there is a genetic relationship between the gold mineralization and the deep crust-mantle magmatism.

Geological Features of the Eastern Sector of the Bangong Co-Nujiang River Suture Zone:Tethyan Evolution

According to an analysis of the geological features in the eastern sector of the Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture zone, the Tethyan evolution can be divided into three stages. (1) The Embryo-Tethyan stage (Pz1): An immature volcanic arc developed in Taniantaweng (Tanen Taunggyi) Range, indicating the existence of an Embryo-Tethyan ocean. (2) The Palaeo-Tethyan stage (C-T2: During the Carboniferous the northern side of the Taniantaweng Range was the main domain of the Palaeo-Tethyan ocean, in which developed flysch sediments intercalated with bimodal volcanic rocks and oceanic tholeiite, and Pemian-Early Triassic are granites were superimposed on the Taniantaweng magmatic are; on the southern side the Dêngqên-Nujiang zone started secondary extension during the Carboniferous, in which the Nujiang ophiolite developed, and the Palaeo-Tethyan ocean closed before the Middle Triassic. (3) The Neo-Tethyan stage (T3-E): During the Late Triassic the Dêngqên zone developed into a relatively matural ocean basin, in which the Dêngqên ophiolite was formed. By the end of the Triassic intraocean subduction occurred, and the ocean domain was reduced gradually, and collided and closed by the end of the Early Jurassic, forming the Yazong mélange; then the Tethyan ocean was completely closed.

Variation of Moho Depth across Bangong-Nujiang Suture in Central Tibet—Results from Deep Seismic Reflection Data

There is a long-term dispute at Moho depth across the Bangong-Nujiang suture (BNS). Due to the complicated and changeable seismic geological condition, it is not easy to acquire images of the reflective Moho in central Tibet. In the support of the SinoProbe project, a series of deep seismic reflection profiles were conducted to image Moho structure across the BNS and the Qiangtang terrane. These profiles extend from the northern Lhasa terrane to the Qiangtang terrane crossing the BNS. Both shot gathers and migration data show clear Moho images beneath the BNS. The Moho depth varies from 75.1 km (~24 s TWT) beneath the northmost Lhasa terrane to 68.9 km (~22 s TWT) beneath southmost Qiangtang terrane, and rises smoothly to 62.6 km (~20 s TWT ) at ~28 km north of the BNS beneath the Qiangtang terrane. We speculate that the Moho appears a 6.2 km sharp offset across the BNS and becomes ~12.5 km shallower from the northmost Lhasa terrane to the south Qiangtang terrane at ~28 km north of the BNS. The viewpoint of Moho depth across the BNS based on deep seismic reflection data is inconsistent with the previous 20 km offset.

The Characteristics and Significance of Peng Co Peridotites in the Middle Segment of Bangong Co-Nujiang Suture in Tibet

The Peng Co ophiolite is located to the west of Peng lake in the area of lakes in north Tibet, which belongs to the Baila-Yilashan sub-belt of the the middle Bangong Co-Nujiang ophiolitic belt. The Peng Co ophiolite is mainly composed of mantle peridotites, cumulates, diabase dikes. About 70 percent peridotites are harzburgites and 30 percent are lherzolites. Mineral chemistry of the Peng Co lherzolitesare characterized by low Fo contents(88.85–90.33) of olivine and high Al2O3 content(4.26%–7.25%) in pyroxenes. Compared to the primitive mantle, the Peng Co peridotites have relatively higher MgO contents, lower CaO, Al2O3 and TiO2 contents. The total rare-earth element(REE) contents of the lherzolites are 1.11–1.53 ppm, which are lower than those of the primitive mantle. The chondritenormalized REE patterns of the Peng Co peridotites display slight loss in LREE. In the primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram, the Peng Co peridotites exhibit negative Rb and Zr anomalies and intensively positive U, Ta, Sr anomalies. The PGE contents of Peng Co lherzolites are between 22.9–27 ppb. The chondrite-normalized PGE patterns of the Peng Co lherzolites are consistent with that of the primitive mantle. Mineral and whole-rock geochemistry characteristics of the Peng Co lherzolites show an affinity to abyssal peridotites, indicating that it may have formed in the mid-ocean ridge setting. Through quantitative modeling, we conclude that the Peng Co lherzolites formed after 5%–10% degree of partial melting of the spinelphase lherzolite mantle source. The sharp increase of Cr#(56.74–60.84)in Spinel of harzburgites and relatively high Pd/Ir and Rh/Ir ratios suggest that they have experienced melt-rock reaction. The crystallization sequence of Peng Co cumulate is olivine-clinopyroxene-plagioclase. The Mg# value of clinopyroxene in cumulate peridotite ranges from 86.92 to 89.93, and the mean value of Fo is 84.45, which is obviously higher than that of MOR-type ophiolite cumulates. The mineral composition, sequence of magmatic crystallization and mineral components of Peng Co cumulate are similar to those of the cumulate formed by the SSZ-type ophiolite in the subduction zone. Therefore, we can draw a preliminary conclusion that Peng Co lherzolites were formed in an environment of mid oceanic ridge and were remnants of the spinel lherzolite zone which experienced a partial melting of no more than 10%. In the later period, due to the intra-oceanic subduction, it experienced the rock-meltinteraction, and thus formed the SSZ-type cumulate and harzburgite of high Cr value.

New Zircon U-Pb Age of the Ore-bearing Porphyry from the Kuga Copper Deposit in the Eastern Bangongco–Nujiang Matallogenic Belt, Tibet

Objective As the third most important copper polymetallic metallogenic belt in Tibet, the Bangongco-Nujiang metallogenic belt （BNMB） has attracted much attention among geoscientists all over the world （Lin Bin et al., 2017a）. There are two ore clusters in the westem of BNMB, the Duolong giant porphyry-epitherrnal Cu （Au, Ag） ore cluster and the Ga＇erqiong-Galalelarge porphyry- skarn Cu （Au） ore cluster （Lin Bin et al., 2017a; 2017b）. Now, the latest exploration advances show that the Kuga project is the first economic porphyry-skam copper deposit in the eastern of BNMB, with over 0.4 Mt melt copper （333＋334） @ 0.9%. However, the Kuga deposit is poorly studied about its diagenetic age. In this study, we present a zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of ore-bearing biotite granite, in order to identify the time of the ore- related magmatism and reveal the relationship with the westem of BNMB.

The Cretaceous of the Eastern Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone (Tibet):Tectono-Sedimentation

The ophiolite-bearing Bangong-Nujiang zone (BNZ) traversing central Tibet from east to west separates the Qiangtang block in the north from the Lhasa block in the south. The Cretaceous of the area includes Chuanba Formation (K 1c ), Duoba Formation (K 1d ), Langshan Formation (K 1l ) and Jiangba Formation (K 2j ). The K 1c is composed of black shale, sandy pelite, siltstone, sandstone, coal beds and volcanic rocks, of shallow marine facies. The K 1 d consists of terrestrial siliciclastics intercalated with some calcareous sandstone beds bearing Orbitolina sp. indicating marine influence. The K 1j is carbonate platform deposits of shallow marine and lagoon. The K 2j is characterized by terrestrial thick massive red conglomerate. An active margin related to B-subduction zone is considered to be the geological setting of the Cretaceous sedimentation.

深反射地震成像揭示的班公湖-怒江缝合带中段Moho断阶及其大地构造意义

揭示班公湖-怒江(班怒)缝合带Moho(莫霍面)结构对于认识中特提斯洋壳俯冲和南羌塘坳陷成因具有重要地球动力学意义。基于横跨班怒缝合带的深反射地震数据(88°30′E),本文采用了中长波长静校正、噪声压制、优化叠加和叠前深度偏移(PSDM)等地震处理技术,获得了深度域地震反射偏移剖面、层速度场和高分辨率Moho结构。由深度域剖面显示,班怒缝合带Moho位于地表以下65~80 km,呈不连续北向抬升趋势,指示在拉萨地块与南羌塘地块之间存在岩石圈上地幔断阶,最大阶步可达15 km。综合分析缝合带两侧的Moho形态认为,这些断阶受南侧拉萨地体的岩石圈上地幔以19.5°北倾俯冲与北侧南羌塘地块的上地壳抬升驱动,可能与深部存在局部熔融相关。班怒缝合带下的Moho结构表明,随着晚侏罗世—早白垩世中特提斯洋闭合,南羌塘地体由边缘海沉积向前陆盆地转换,形成南羌塘坳陷。

怒江源头地区那曲河热裸裂尻鱼繁殖生物学研究

了解怒江源头地区那曲河热裸裂尻鱼基础生物学概况,研究其繁殖生物学,为评估热裸裂尻鱼生态适应性规律、进行资源管理和物种保护提供理论依据。2017年9月、2018年7月和10月在怒江源头那曲河采集309尾热裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis thermalis),进行了生物学参数测定,包括年龄、体长、体重、繁殖力等,计算了性比、性腺成熟系数,评估了性成熟年龄,预测了产卵类型。结果显示:热裸裂尻鱼个体绝对繁殖力(F)为2943~16657粒,平均(7685±3527)粒;个体体长相对繁殖力(F_(L))为10.15~52.71粒/mm,平均(25.00±10.57)粒/mm;个体体重相对繁殖力(F_(W))为10.68~48.01粒/g,平均(23.91±8.21)粒/g。个体繁殖力与各基础生物学指标的相关性分析显示F、F_(L)与体长、体重、空壳重、卵巢重、年龄和丰满度之间的相关性极显著(P<0.01),与性腺成熟系数相关性不显著(F>0.05),F_(W)仅与卵巢重和性腺成熟系数具有显著相关性(0.01<P<0.05)。雌雄比为2.78:1,性腺成熟系数范围为0.39%~11.75%,雌鱼最小性成熟年龄为6龄,雄鱼最小性成熟年龄为4龄。根据热裸裂尻鱼卵径频率分布特征,推测其产卵类型为完全同步型一次性产卵。

羌塘地块中西部布木错走滑断裂系的第四纪晚期地表变形特征与构造意义

班公-怒江缝合带(班怒带)是青藏高原内部羌塘地块与拉萨地块之间的重要边界,研究该边界带上共轭走滑断裂第四纪晚期的几何结构与变形特性对于理解高原内部在印度-欧亚板块碰撞作用下形成的空间差异响应和构造模型具有重要意义。位于班怒带西段的布木错断裂系包括北东向布木错断裂和北西向纳屋错断裂,通过遥感解译和野外地质调查,明确了这两条断裂在第四纪晚期的构造特征和最新的地表变形特征。结果显示,两条断裂自第四纪晚期以来的活动特征明显,并且近期都经历过一次大地震,产生了地表破裂。据此推测班怒带西段北西、北东两组断裂的最新活动强度接近,羌塘地块南部边界现今变形可能受控于两组断裂的共同影响,并已延伸至块体内部。以上发现进一步证明,青藏高原内部物质受中—下地壳流的驱动作用,通过走滑断层和正断层持续向北扩展。

从责任共同体到命运共同体:边疆治理中的共同体建构研究

当今民族国家社会发展的难题,需要依据整体性、系统性的思维来治理,需以责任凝聚合作与发展,进而内化为“命运共同体”。我国边疆治理充分动员边民的参与就体现了共建共享共赢、多元协同这一思想精神。据此,基于怒江州边民参与治理跨境流动人口问题的实践,深入分析福贡县的多级联动机制与泸水市特色护边队“守土有责、守土负责、守土尽责”的责任共同体建设,进而推动边民“守小家顾大家”向命运共同体的转变,为我国陆地2.28万公里边境线区域治理路径和对策做出有益思考,也为学界提供开拓性的跨境治理研究视角,促进现代治理的创新实践与模式改变。

西藏东巧—北拉地区班公湖—怒江洋俯冲闭合及对南羌塘盆地演化的制约

应用地层对比、砂岩岩相学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的方法,重建东巧—北拉地区物源转换和班公湖—怒江洋多期次俯冲及微陆块的拼合过程。研究表明:东卡错微陆块南侧的中下侏罗统希湖群下段表现为上三叠统确哈拉群的再旋回沉积,而北侧上段则开始出现来自羌塘地区的物质。这标志着北侧早侏罗世俯冲的东巧分支洋盆消亡,东卡错微陆块在中侏罗世与羌塘地块拼合开始形成初始周缘前陆盆地。接奴群的物源完全来自南羌塘地区,表明周缘前陆盆地在微陆块南侧北拉洋俯冲挤压下持续发育。晚侏罗世—早白垩世(147~141 Ma)拉萨地块和羌塘地块东西向全面碰撞,至早白垩世晚期(约120 Ma)南侧的分支洋盆北拉洋消亡代表碰撞结束。南羌塘地区受班公湖—怒江洋俯冲作用控制在早侏罗世发育由弧前—岩浆弧—弧后盆地组成的“一隆两坳”古地貌,并沉积了曲色组页岩和布曲组石灰岩。微陆块碰撞导致南羌塘盆地的隆起和海平面的下降,形成夏里组含膏质泥岩的潮坪相沉积。随着拉萨地块和羌塘地块的全面碰撞,南羌塘盆地从弧相关盆地卷入前陆盆地褶皱冲断带中,发生差异埋藏和隆升剥蚀。晚侏罗世—早白垩世,南羌塘盆地曲色组烃源岩和布曲组石灰岩在构造挤压作用下发生快速埋藏,进入生油和白云石化阶段,成为南羌塘盆地最重要的成藏期。

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带中段东巧豆荚状铬铁矿地球化学特征及构造意义

东巧蛇绿岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带中段北部,岩石组合为方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩、铬铁岩、辉长岩、辉石岩、玄武岩和少量的硅质岩。东巧铬铁矿石的铬尖晶石化学成分表明岩体内同时存在高铬型铬铁矿(Cr#值为60.7~79.8,Mg#值为57.2~68.1)和高铝型铬铁矿(Cr#值为56.4~59.6,Mg#值为67.2~72.7)。高铬型铬铁矿体多呈稠密浸染状,部分为致密块状,而高铝型铬铁矿体规模较小,兼具稠密浸染状和稀疏浸染状。两种铬铁矿矿体的围岩都是纯橄岩,并且矿体以透镜状分布于方辉橄榄岩中。从纯橄岩包壳到条带浸染状铬铁矿石的过渡带中,铬尖晶石呈Cr#值增加(67.2~68.5),Mg#值降低(57.4~74.6)的特点,表明东巧地幔橄榄岩及其铬铁矿可能经历了一定程度的熔-岩反应。方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo值为91.2~92.3,铬尖晶石Cr#值为70.2~75.1;纯橄岩橄榄石Fo值为92.7~92.9,铬尖晶石Cr#值为75.4~76.6,与班公湖-怒江缝合带上丁青、切里湖、依拉山等岩体较为相似,表明东巧地幔橄榄岩形成条件可能与其相近。东巧地幔橄榄岩具有弧前地幔橄榄岩稀土元素特征,微量元素配分模式与Izu-Bonin-Mariana具有极高相似性,指示东巧蛇绿岩可能形成于板块俯冲消减带上盘海底扩张环境。铬铁矿的铂族元素(PGE)配分模式与罗布莎高铬铬铁矿相似,具有富集IPGE、亏损PPGE的特点。对东巧地幔橄榄岩及其铬铁矿平衡熔体进行分析,高铬型铬铁矿形成于俯冲带上岛弧环境(SSZ型)的弧前盆地,高铝型铬铁矿形成于洋中脊型环境(MOR型),并对比班-怒带毗邻岩体,指示东巧地幔橄榄岩及其铬铁矿经历了MOR→SSZ的多期次演化过程。

西藏丁青蛇绿岩早侏罗世堆晶斜方辉石岩的弧前特征及其地质意义

丁青蛇绿岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带东段,其形成时代和构造背景还存在争议,而洋壳底部的堆晶岩能够较好限定古洋盆的构造环境。本文在对丁青东蛇绿岩扎西觉测区开展1/5万地质填图过程中,识别出堆晶杂岩底部的伟晶斜方辉石岩与方辉橄榄岩呈构造接触。伟晶辉石岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为189.56±0.46Ma。斜方辉石平衡温度为919.23~964.93℃(平均939.51℃),与角闪石的结晶温度(915.29~939.5℃,平均930.27℃)相似。伟晶辉石岩的形成压力大致在0.31~0.47GPa,结晶深度至少为13.53~18.44km,明显大于现代海域扩张脊的洋壳厚度。辉石岩的矿物和全岩地球化学成分以及计算的平衡熔体均与玻安质岩浆相似,结合辉石岩下部方辉橄榄岩具有弧前地幔橄榄岩和大陆岩石圈地幔这一特征,本文认为丁青东早侏罗世伟晶斜方辉石岩形成于洋-陆俯冲带的弧前环境。

西藏丁青蛇绿岩高铬型和高铝型铬铁矿的矿物化学和矿物包裹体特征及其对构造环境的指示意义

班公湖-怒江蛇绿岩带是目前我国铬铁矿找矿最有潜力的成矿带之一,在我国铬铁矿找矿与铬资源供应中具有极其重要的地位。丁青蛇绿岩作为班怒带中出露面积最大和铬铁矿矿点最多的岩体,同时发育高铬和高铝两种类型的铬铁矿。本研究以丁青蛇绿岩中的高铬型和高铝型铬铁矿矿石及其围岩地幔橄榄岩为研究对象,开展了详细的岩石学、矿物包裹体和矿物化学等分析与研究工作。研究显示,高铬型和高铝型铬铁矿矿石与围岩纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩的铬尖晶石的矿物化学、包裹体类型和组合及其成分等特征均表现出显著的不同。高铬型铬铁矿矿石中铬尖晶石的Cr^(#)值为70.51~73.51,NiO在0.05%~0.16%之间,TiO_(2)=0.05%~0.17%。高铝型铬铁矿矿石中铬尖晶石的Cr^(#)值为30.84~31.87,NiO=0.15%~0.27%,TiO_(2)=0.14%~0.28%。高铬型铬铁矿矿石中铬尖晶石的矿物包裹体以角闪石和单斜辉石为主,高铝型铬铁矿矿石中的铬尖晶石则以橄榄石和角闪石与单斜辉石的多晶矿物包裹体为主。通过铬尖晶石主量元素计算成矿母岩浆的组成,高铬型铬铁矿矿石及其围岩纯橄岩中铬尖晶石的母岩浆组成反映了弧前玻安岩的地球化学特征,而高铝型铬铁矿矿石及其围岩纯橄岩中铬尖晶石的母岩浆组成表现出拉斑玄武岩特征。高铬型铬铁矿矿石及其围岩地幔橄榄岩的矿物化学和矿物包裹体数据指示其形成于弧前的构造环境,而高铝型铬铁矿形成于俯冲初始阶段的弧前环境。结合丁青地幔橄榄岩具有较高的部分融熔程度和大陆岩石圈地幔的Re-Os同位素特征,暗示丁青蛇绿岩可能形成于陆缘弧前环境。

Investigation of Types and Hazard of Weeds in Coffea arabica Orchads in Nujiang River Basin

[Objective] Through the investigation of weeds in Coffea arabica orchads in NuJiang River basin, this study aimed to provide scientific guidance for the weed control and improving the ecological and economic benefits of the plantation of Cof- fea arabica. [Method] The types of weeds and the characteristics of weed occur- rence in Coffea arabica orchads in Nujiang River basin were investigated from July to August in 2012. [Result] The results showed that there were 69 types of weeds belonging to 21 families in Coffea arabica orchads. The predominant harmful types were shown as follows： Commelina nudiflora L. ＋ Leptochloa chinensis, Cyperus ro- tundus L. ＋ Bidens pilosa L. ＋ Eleusine indica, Imperata cylindrical ＋ Ageratum conyzoides L. ＋ Eupatorium odoratum L., Ageratum conyzoides L. ＋ Digitaria san- guinalis （L.） Scop. The preponderant weeds consisted mainly of 10 species, namely, Cyperus rotundus L., Commelina nudiflora L., Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria san- guinalis （L.） Scop, Imperata cylindrical, Bidens pilosa L., Ageratum conyzoides L, E- upatorium odoratum L., Eleusine indica and Chenopodium serotinum L. [Conclusion] The result from this study is of great significance for the plantation of Coffea arabica in Nujiang River basin, as well as the control of weeds.

怒江西藏段鱼类群落结构及多样性研究

为了探究怒江西藏段干流及主要支流鱼类群落结构及其多样性,2017-2020年在该区域设置9个调查站点,进行8次鱼类资源调查。结果表明,调查共采集到鱼类2目6科9属23种,其中怒江特有种6种,外来鱼类5种,种类数总体上呈现随着海拔上升而逐渐减少的分布趋势;优势种为怒江裂腹鱼(Schizothorax nukiangensiss)、裸腹叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus kaznakovi)和热裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis thermalis),三者占调查鱼类总生物量的96.28%,占调查鱼类总数的91.25%。群落Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数分别为0.369~0.908、0.222~0.496、0.317~0.754、0.405~0.692,整体上处于较低水平。按生态类型可分为底栖缓流型、底栖间隙型、急流吸附型及静水中层型4类,摄食类型基本为杂食性。下游察瓦龙乡与那曲大坝上游的鱼类物种组成相似性指数最低(11.76%),支流左贡玉曲河与比如大坝下游的相似性指数最高(70.00%)。流域总体上处于中度干扰状态,上游大坝之间的河段及支流玉曲河处于较为严重的干扰状态。为了保护怒江西藏段鱼类多样性,建议在玉曲河支流设立保护区,加强流域渔政管理,规范放生行为,做好流域开发的生态保护修复与预案研究。

高黎贡山怒江沿线区域虫生真菌多样性及分布特征

[目的]探究高黎贡山怒江沿线区域虫生真菌物种多样性及其沿海拔梯度的分布特征,为该区域虫生真菌资源的开发、利用和保护提供科学依据。[方法]从怒江沿线高黎贡山南段的保山至北段的丙中洛区域(海拔800~1500 m)采集的土壤样品中分离虫生真菌菌株;采用形态学和多基因系统发育分析方法对虫生真菌进行物种鉴定,同时对虫生真菌的物种多样性及垂直分布特征进行分析。[结果]在高黎贡山怒江沿线区域共获得623株虫生真菌菌株,涵盖4科7属18种。其中,优势属为绿僵菌属(有9种,共398株)、白僵菌属(有3种,共133株),优势种依次为棕色绿僵菌和球孢白僵菌。所有海拔区段的土壤中均有虫生真菌分布,且虫生真菌的多样性指数呈现出随海拔升高逐渐降低的趋势。保山段(海拔800~900 m)虫生真菌的香农-威纳指数(1.8117)、辛普森指数(0.7758)、均匀度指数(0.7868)最高,优势度指数(0.2242)最低;贡山段(1400~1500 m)虫生真菌的香农-威纳指数(1.2079)、辛普森指数(0.5200)、均匀度指数(0.5037)最低,优势度指数(0.4800)最高。聚类分析结果显示,高黎贡山怒江沿线区域虫生真菌分为宽域分布物种和狭域分布物种。冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)表明,土壤湿度和土壤温度是影响高黎贡山怒江沿线虫生真菌多样性和属物种丰度的主要因子。[结论]高黎贡山怒江沿线土壤中虫生真菌物种多样性丰富,且具有一定的垂直分布特征,应加强对该区域虫生真菌物种资源的保护。

高山峡谷地区地质灾害易发性评价——以怒江州为例

高山峡谷地区地质灾害频发,目的为探究地质灾害易发性空间分布状况,方法以怒江州为研究区,综合地质条件、气象水文、植被覆盖等因素,筛选高程、坡度、坡向、曲率、起伏度等12个共线性低的评价因子,构建区域易发性评价指标体系,并基于栅格单元采用信息量(information value,IV)模型、信息量-BP神经网络(information value-back propagation neural networks,IV-BPNN)耦合模型和信息量-支持向量机(information value-support vector machine,IV-SVM)耦合模型进行地质灾害易发性评价。结果结果表明:(1)用实际地质灾害点验证易发性结果,灾害点与3种易发性结果在空间分布上具有较好的一致性;(2)将易发性指数划分为低、中、高和极高易发4个等级,其中IV模型、IV-BPNN耦合模型与IV-SVM耦合模型的高+极高易发区面积占比分别为37.12%,32.36%,23.08%,高与极高易发区呈线状分布,主要集中在怒江、澜沧江、独龙江等水系沿岸地区、道路附近和地质构造活跃的区域;(3)IV模型、IV-BPNN耦合模型与IV-SVM耦合模型的受试者曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.884,0.889,0.901。结论3种地质灾害易发性评价模型均有较高的预测精度,其中IV-SVM耦合模型准确率最高,分区结果较可靠,可为当地政府制定地质灾害防治措施提供参考。