Therapeutic barium enema for bleeding colonic diverticula:Four case series and review of the literature

The prevalence of diverticular diseases of the colon, including severe and persistent bleeding in Eastern countries, has increased in the last decades. The bleeding from colonic diverticula is the most common cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Herein, we report four cases of severe and persistent bleeding of colonic diverticular disease that could be treated with a high concentration barium enema. These four cases showed a similar pattern of bleeding whose source could not be identified. Colonoscopy revealed fresh blood in the entire colon and many diverticula were noted throughout the colon. No active bleeding source was identified, but large adherent clots in some diverticula were noted. After endoscopic and angiographic therapies failed, therapeutic barium enema stopped the severe bleeding. These patients remained free of re-bleeding in the follow-up period (range 17-35 mo) after the therapy. We report the four case series of therapeutic barium enema and reviewed the literature pertinent to this procedure.

Pattern and distribution of colonic diverticulosis:Analysis of 2877 barium enemas in Thailand

AIM:To determine the pattern and distribution of colonic diverticulosis in Thai adults.METHODS:A review of the computerized radiology database for double contrast barium enema(DCBE)in Thai adults was performed at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital,Mahidol University,Bangkok,Thailand.Incomplete studies and DCBE examinations performed in non-Thai individuals were excluded.The pattern and distribution of colonic diverticulosis detected during DCBE studies from June 2009 to October 2011 were determined.The occurrence of solitary cecal diverticulum,rectal diverticulum and giant diverticulum were reported.Factors influencing the presence of colonic diverticulosis were evaluated.RESULTS:A total of 2877 suitable DCBE examinations were retrospectively reviewed.The mean age of patients was 59.8±14.7 years.Of these patients,1778(61.8%)were female and 700(24.3%)were asymptomatic.Colonic diverticulosis was identified in 820patients(28.5%).Right-sided diverticulosis(641 cases;22.3%)was more frequently reported than left-sided diverticulosis(383 cases;13.3%).Pancolonic diverticulosis was found in 98 cases(3.4%).The occurrence of solitary cecal diverticulum,rectal diverticulum and giant diverticulum were 1.5%(42 cases),0.4%(12 cases),and 0.03%(1 case),respectively.There was no significant difference in the overall occurrence of colonic diverticulosis between male and female patients(28.3%vs 28.6%,P=0.85).DCBE examinations performed in patients with some gastrointestinal symptoms revealed the frequent occurrence of colonic diverticulosis compared with those performed in asymptomatic individuals(29.5%vs 25.3%,P=0.03).Change in bowel habit was strongly associated with the presence of diverticulosis(a relative risk of 1.39;P=0.005).The presence of diverticulosis was not correlated with age in symptomatic patients or asymptomatic individuals(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Colonic diverticulosis was identified in28.5%of DCBE examinations in Thai adults.There was no association between the presence of diverticulosis and gender or age.

Effectiveness of therapeutic barium enema for diverticular hemorrhage

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of barium impaction therapy for patients with colonic diverticular bleeding.METHODS:We reviewed the clinical charts of patients in whom therapeutic barium enema was performed for the control of diverticular bleeding between August2010 and March 2012 at Yokohama Rosai Hospital.Twenty patients were included in the review,consisting of 14 men and 6 women.The median age of the patients was 73.5 years.The duration of the followup period ranged from 1 to 19 mo(median:9.8 mo).Among the 20 patients were 11 patients who required the procedure for re-bleeding during hospitalization,6patients who required it for re-bleeding that developed after the patient left the hospital,and 3 patients who required the procedure for the prevention of rebleeding.Barium(concentration:150 w%/v%)was administered per the rectum,and the leading edge of the contrast medium was followed up to the cecum by fluoroscopy.After confirmation that the ascending colon and cecum were filled with barium,the enema tube was withdrawn,and the patient’s position was changed every 20 min for 3 h.RESULTS:Twelve patients remained free of rebleeding during the follow-up period(range:1-19mo)after the therapeutic barium enema,including 9men and 3 women with a median age of 72.0 years.Re-bleeding occurred in 8 patients including 5 men and 3 women with a median age of 68.5 years:4developed early re-bleeding,defined as re-bleeding that occurs within one week after the procedure,and the remaining 4 developed late re-bleeding.The DFI(disease-free interval)decreased 0.4 for 12 mo.Only one patient developed a complication from therapeutic barium enema(colonic perforation).CONCLUSION:Therapeutic barium enema is effective for the control of diverticular hemorrhage in cases where the active bleeding site cannot be identified by colonoscopy.

Colonoscopy can miss diverticula of the left colon identified by barium enema

AIM: To identify the diagnostic value of colonoscopy for diverticulosis as determined by barium enema. METHODS: A total of 65 patients with hematochezia who underwent colonoscopy and barium enema were analyzed, and the diagnostic value of colonoscopy for diverticula was assessed. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve was compared in relation to age (< 70 or ≥ 70 years), sex, and colon location. The number of diverticula was counted, and the detection ratio was calculated. RESULTS: Colonic diverticula were observed in 46 patients with barium enema. Colonoscopy had a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 90%. No significant differences were found in the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) for age group or sex. The ROC-AUC of the left colon was significantly lower than that of the right colon (0.81 vs 0.96, P=0.02). Colonoscopy identified 486 colonic diverticula, while barium enema identified 1186. The detection ratio for the entire colon was therefore 0.41 (486/1186). The detection ratio in the left colon (0.32, 189/588) was significantly lower than that of the right colon (0.50, 297/598) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Compared with barium enema, only half the number of colonic diverticula can be detected by colonoscopy in the entire colon and even less in the left colon.

钡剂灌肠造影X线和多层螺旋CT诊断结肠癌的影像表现及诊断效能分析

目的分析钡剂灌肠造影X线和多层螺旋CT诊断结肠癌的影像表现及诊断效能。方法43例疑似结肠癌患者均行钡剂灌肠造影X线和多层螺旋CT检查,以最终病理诊断结果作为金标准,分析两种方法诊断结肠癌的影像表现以及诊断效能。结果多层螺旋CT检查主要表现为肠壁增厚、软组织密度结节或包块、癌性溃疡、浆膜层及附近脏器受累等。多层螺旋CT诊断结肠癌的灵敏度、准确率均显著高于钡剂灌肠造影X线(P<0.05)。结论与钡剂灌肠造影X线相比,多层螺旋CT诊断结肠癌更具优势,具有特征性表现,可作为诊断结肠癌的优先使用手段。

多层螺旋CT结肠水灌肠与钡剂灌肠及纤维结肠镜对大肠病变诊断价值

目的通过比较MSCT结肠水灌肠、钡剂灌肠(BE)及纤维结肠镜对大肠病变诊断的准确率,探讨三者检查方法在大肠病变诊断方面的优缺点。方法对43例怀疑大肠病变的患者行MSCT结肠水灌肠检查,其中21例先后接受BE检查,22例先后接受结肠镜检查。比较三种检查方法对大肠评价范围全面性、大肠病变的定位、定性诊断准确性有无差异。结果MSCT结肠水灌肠、BE、肠镜对大肠评价范围全面性百分率分别为90.70%、95.24%、50%,MSCT与BE比较无显著差异,与肠镜比较有显著差异。MSCT结肠水灌肠、BE、肠镜对大肠病变定位/定性的准确率分别为86.05%/86.05%、76.19%/66.67%、59.09%/77.27%,MSCT结肠水灌肠对大肠病变定位准确率高于肠镜,与BE比较无显著差异。三种检查方法对大肠病变定性诊断的准确率均无显著差异。结论MSCT结肠水灌肠对大肠评价范围全面,对大肠病变诊断具有较高的敏感度、特异度及准确性。

小肠克罗恩病的MRI诊断与小肠钡灌肠的比较分析

目的：分析小肠克罗恩病的MRI表现,并与小肠钡灌肠进行了比较.方法：回顾性分析了2001年1月～2004年5月间临床拟诊克罗恩病的患者共35例.所有患者均接受了小肠钡灌肠和MRI检查.分别计算和测量病变累及的肠段数、肠壁厚度、狭窄点.分辨肠壁信号特点、溃疡、瘘道、脓肿、系膜改变等情况.MRI和小肠钡灌肠的符合率包含了病变肠段和无病变肠段的一致性.结果：MRI和小肠钡灌肠检出病变肠段的符合率为90.8%.采用配对资料卡方检验,χ^2=0.364,P＞0.05.SE-T1W、SE-T2W、SPIR-T1W、SPIR-T2W发现病变肠段数占MRI总检出肠段数的比率分别为50.0%、100%、48.1%、88.5%.结论：MRI和小肠钡灌肠所显示的病变肠段基本一致,SE-T2W的检出率最高.

结肠癌术后复发的钡灌肠与CT诊断

目的：探讨结肠癌术后复发的钡灌肠与ＣＴ诊断。材料与方法：７５例结肠癌，有４３例术后复发（５７％），２８％局部复发同时合并远处转移，２３％单纯远处转移。术后１～２年局部复发者为５７％（１２／２１），远处转移者为６３％（１４／２２）。ＣＴ扫描层厚和层间距均为８ｍｍ，吻合口部位加作薄层扫描。结肠双重造影用７０％Ｗ／Ｖ混悬钡液。结果：结肠癌术后复发的主要ＣＴ表现：５例可见吻合口区肠腔内不规则软组织结节影；９例见吻合口周围或骶骨前方不规则软组织块影；３例肿块中央见低密度坏死区；１例伴有斑片状及点状钙化灶。此外尚有肠壁增厚，边缘不规则以及相邻组织器官受侵犯。术后远处转移常见部位为肝脏。结肠双重造影主要表现为吻合口偏心性或不规则性狭窄；吻合口区充盈缺损，邻近的肿块效应或“双边征”。结论：钡灌肠对吻合口和肠腔内的复发检查敏感，且较准确；而ＣＴ对检查结肠癌术后复发的位置、大小、范围、腔外肿块或远处转移均敏感。ＣＴ与钡灌肠检查相结合，能最大限度地发现结肠癌术后复发。术后４个月基础ＣＴ扫描及术后基础钡灌肠检查有利于在术后正常改变过程中检出更小的复发灶。

早期结肠癌低张气钡双对比造影检查与纤维结肠镜对比分析

目的:对于早期结肠癌的检查,通过低张气钡双对比造影(DCBE)图像与纤维结肠镜检查图像对比观察,分析气钡双对比结肠造影在检出早期结肠癌中的价值。方法:20例经病理证实早期结肠癌病例,采用低张气钡双对比造影方法,实时点片。常规纤维结肠镜检查。结果:Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱa型6例,混合型1例,LST型2例,对比观察造影像及内镜像表现。结论:正确运用气钡双对比造影检查,对早期结肠癌的显示有较大价值。

气钡双重造影与CT仿真内镜技术对结直肠肿瘤诊断价值的前瞻性研究

目的：通过气钡双重造影（ double-contrast barium enema,DCBE）与CT仿真内镜（ CT colonography, CTC）在结直肠肿瘤的检出效能比较,明确两种检查方法的作用。方法2008年1月至2013年12月共计入组患者648例,均在同1天先后完成CTC和DCBE检查并记录每个检出病灶的大小和部位。以结肠镜及手术作为金标准,对两组数据进行比较分析。结果所有患者中共检出1180处病灶,CTC和DCBE分别检出1127处和942处病灶,两组检出率差异均有显著性。其中〈0.5cm、0.5cm ~〈1cm、1cm ~〈2cm、2cm ~〈3cm、≧3cm的病灶数分别检出为53处、151处、152处、71处、753处。 CTC与DCBE对〈0.5cm、0.5cm~〈1cm、1cm~〈2cm、2cm~〈3cm、≧3cm的病灶检出率分别为61.2%、84.2%、93.4%、100.0%、100.0%和9.4%、30.9%、47.0%、93.0%、100.0%。对于〈2cm的病灶,CTC检出率明显优于DCBE,而对≧2cm病灶检出方面,两种检查方法没有差别。结论在结直肠肿瘤检查效能方面,CTC明显优于DCBE,尤其是对〈2cm的病灶,CTC检查更具优势。

溃疡性结肠炎气钡双对比造影与结肠镜对照研究

目的探讨气钡双对比造影对溃疡性结肠炎的临床诊断价值。方法对有完整临床资料的42例溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床表现、影像学资料、结肠镜表现进行回顾性研究。结果溃疡性结肠炎表现为病变自直肠逆行向上呈连续性发展。早期:结肠边缘见针刺状突出或棘状突起及溃疡轴位像的"靶样征";急性期:散在多发的斑点状及不规则形龛影,出现"锯齿征"及"纽扣征";慢性期:局部肠管呈铅管样狭窄及假息肉形成。结论结肠气钡双对比造影检查是诊断溃疡性结肠炎疾病的一种简便而可靠的方法.其特异的影像学表现对溃疡性结肠炎的早期诊断有重要的意义。

内镜引导下的小肠插管钡灌造影的诊断方法研究

目的 :该课题研究的目的是为了建立和评价应用内镜引导下进行小肠钡灌造影的一种诊断小肠病变的方法。方法 :共有 30例病人应用了此项诊断方法 ,全部获得成功。结果 :发现小肠淋巴瘤 1例 ,Meckel憩室 3例 ,回肠克隆氏病和回盲部癌肿各 1例 ,空肠瘘 1例。结论 :该项研究为小肠疾病提供了一种安全、简便、有效、快捷的诊断方法 。

先天性巨结肠类缘病与先天性巨结肠的钡灌肠表现对照分析

目的:对照分析先天性巨结肠类缘病(HAD)与先天性巨结肠(HD)的钡灌肠(BE)表现,以提高对HAD的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的22例HAD(HAD组为研究组)的BE表现,并与22例HD(HD组为对照组)的BE表现进行对照,分析两组间痉挛段、移行段出现概率、扩张段与移行段/痉挛段之间肠壁夹角、24h后钡剂残留位置及概率的差异。结果:HAD组与HD组间移行段出现概率、扩张段与移行段/痉挛段之间肠壁夹角的差异均有统计学意义(P=0.014,P=0.000);而痉挛段出现概率、24h后钡剂残留位置的差异均无统计学意义(P=0.240,P=0.185)。结论:HAD与HD的BE表现类似;移行段较少出现、扩张段与移行段/痉挛段之间肠壁夹角较大,可能有助于HAD诊断。

结直肠癌的影像学诊断进展

结直肠癌是胃肠道最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势,已成为影响人们健康和生活质量的主要疾病之一.伴随结直肠癌治疗方法的优化及外科手术的改良,结直肠癌术前的准确分期,对于临床医生从众多治疗方法中选出最佳治疗方案显得格外重要.影像学诊断在结直肠癌的术前应用及术后评估中发挥了重要作用,他能提供有关癌肿比较准确的信息,从而帮助临床医生制定治疗方案和选择外科手术术式以及监测预后.近年来MRI仪器的快速更新和成像技术的发展,使得MRI在结直肠癌评估中发挥了显著优势和作用.

大肠癌的螺旋CT三维重建研究及外科应用评价

目的 :探讨螺旋CT三维重建技术在大肠癌外科术前诊断中的价值。材料和方法 :选 2 0例有低张气钡灌肠造影及病理证实的大肠癌 ,行低张充气螺旋CT扫描 ,表面覆盖显示 (SSD)、容积漫游技术 (VRT)、多平面重组 (MPR)等三维重建 ;另 10例行常规及低张注生理盐水CT检查。本法与造影、常规CT、低张注水CT及手术、病理对照观察。结果 :常规CT检出率为 4/ 10 ;低张注水CT检出率为 7/ 10 ;低张气钡灌肠造影检出率为 2 0 / 2 0 ;螺旋CT三维重建检出率为 2 0 / 2 0。前三者在检出率或观察内容上均有各自限度 ,后者可弥补。结论 :SSD、VRT可显示 6mm隆起病变和 3mm管腔狭窄 ,VRT可显示 1mm细沟凹陷 ;MPR对轻微的肠壁增厚、僵硬很敏感 ,能准确判断病灶外侵程度 ;SSD酷似内窥镜 ,VRT可比低张气钡灌肠造影 ,SCT三维重建可一法多用。

胃癌大肠转移的X线钡灌肠表现

目的:分析胃癌大肠转移的X线钡灌肠表现。方法:104例胃癌入院术前检查发现结肠转移或胃癌术后转移入院治疗的病例。分析钡灌肠初次发现大肠转移征象的年龄、发现胃癌原发病变距初次发现大肠转移的间隔时间、转移病变的发生部位和病变造成的X线钡灌肠图像上的肠管变形和粘膜面的改变。结果:104例胃癌结肠转移,男67例,女37例。胃癌术前检查中发现结肠转移者32例,术后发现的大肠转移中,多数转移发生在手术后3年内(占91.3%)。胃癌原发灶的肉眼形态BorrmannⅢ型(28例)和BorrmannⅣ型(65例)者占89.4%,组织学中以低分化腺癌和印戒细胞癌为主要成分者占91.3%。X线钡灌肠检查显示大肠转移的好发部位为横结肠(80),其次为直肠(50)。转移灶可累及多节段肠管,其中横结肠中1/3段(47),横结肠左1/3(44),横结肠右1/3(39)和直肠腹膜返折之上(39)。X线显示肠管单侧变形者227处,双侧变形者96处。黏膜面表现为梳齿状黏膜纹聚集改变253处,颗粒结节状改变23处,外压性改变20处,弥漫性改变62处。结论:胃癌大肠转移的好发部位为横结肠和直肠,结肠黏膜面的梳齿状黏膜纹聚集为胃癌大肠转移的主要X线钡剂灌肠表现。

不同方式治疗小儿肠套叠对比分析

目的探究及分析不同方式整复小儿肠套叠的效果。方法回顾性分析我院2012年1月～2015年1月收治的小儿肠套叠患儿150例,随机分为三组,分别采用X线引导下空气灌肠、X线引导下钡剂灌肠和超声引导下盐水灌肠对其进行整复治疗。治疗后观察所有患儿整复成功率和并发症情况。结果空气灌肠、钡剂灌肠和盐水灌肠三组治疗总复位成功率分别为84.0%、86.0%和92.0%,差异无明显统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但盐水灌肠组复位总成功率高于其他两组,并且盐水灌肠组首次复位成功率（80.0%）明显高于空气灌肠组（56.0%）和钡剂灌肠组（54.0%）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。而且空气灌肠、钡剂灌肠和盐水灌肠三组患者48 h内复套发生率（4.8%、4.7%和2.2%）和穿孔发生率（2%、0、0）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论对于小儿肠套叠的治疗,超声引导下盐水灌肠整复法具有方便、设备要求低、首次成功率高、无辐射、副损伤少等优点,临床效价较高,值得临床上推广应用。

结肠癌所致的急性肠梗阻(附33例报告)

本文报告33例结肠癌所致急性肠梗阻的诊治体会.认为结肠癌是大肠梗阻的常见原因.无腹部手术史的老年患者肠梗阻应首先考虑结肠癌的可能性,腹透是常用而较简便的鉴别诊断方法之一.钡灌肠和纤维结肠镜应慎用,作者提倡在严格掌握指征的情况下争取行Ⅰ期吻合术.并对其适应症进行了讨论,本组25例行根治术加Ⅰ期吻合.无吻合口瘘发生。

先天性巨结肠X线诊断和分析

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结直肠癌的影像学研究进展

结直肠癌起病较为隐匿,病情发展缓慢,早期无明显的临床表现,出现明显的症状时大多已到中晚期,因此及时、准确的诊断对临床治疗及预后有重要的意义。随着影像学的迅速发展,早期并及时成功诊断结直肠癌已成为现实。目前,结肠双对比造影仍然为有价值的常用安全检查方法,超声、CT、MR对肿瘤的分期具有重要的诊断价值,18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT对结肠癌的分子影像学诊断成为可能。