Monomineral universal clinopyroxene and garnet barometers for peridotitic,eclogitic and basaltic systems

New versions of the universal Jd-Di exchange clinopyroxene barometer for peridotites,pyroxenites and eclogites,and also garnet barometer for eclogites and peridotites were developed.They were checked using large experimental data sets for eciogitic（~530） and peridotitic systems（〉650）.The precision of the universal Cpx barometer for peridotites based on Jd-Di exchange is close to Cr-Tschermal

The Barometer of Sustainability as a Monitoring Tool of the Sustainable Development Process in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil

The aim is to present and discuss the level of sustainability of Ribeirao Preto, Brazil based on Sustainability Indicators using the Barometer of Sustainability. The Barometer of Sustainability is a method of two-dimensional analysis which assesses the wellbeing in human and ecological dimensions of an equitable and systematic system, not leaving the data overlap, not masking the results and finding in a Wellbeing Index. The results showed that Ribeir^o Preto is on intermediate level in relation to sustainable development with better performance in human dimensions. The themes of Soil and Biodiversity were considered unsustainable in the analysis of findings. This reveals that the city presents a greater concern with the socio-economic issues at the expense of environmental issues.

Floor positioning method indoors with smartphone’s barometer

This paper presents an indoor floor positioning method with the smartphone’s barometer for the purpose of solving the problem of low availability and high environmental dependence of the traditional floor positioning technology.First,an initial floor position algorithm with the“entering”detection algorithm has been obtained.Second,the user’s going upstairs or downstairs activities are identified by the characteristics of the air pressure fluctuation.Third,the moving distance in the vertical direction and the floor change during going upstairs or downstairs are estimated to obtain the accurate floor position.In order to solve the problem of the floor misjudgment from different mobile phone’s barometers,this paper calculates the pressure data from the different cell phones,and effectively reduce the errors of the air pressure estimating the elevation which is caused by the heterogeneity of the mobile phones.The experiment results show that the average correct rate of the floor identification is more than 85%for three types of the cell phones while reducing environmental dependence and improving availability.Further,this paper compares and analyzes the three common floor location methods–the WLAN Floor Location(WFL)method based on the fingerprint,the Neural Network Floor Location(NFL)methods,and the Magnetic Floor Location(MFL)method with our method.The experiment results achieve 94.2%correct rate of the floor identification with Huawei mate10 Pro mobile phone.

CBSC: A Crowdsensing System for Automatic Calibrating of Barometers

The mobile crowdsensing software systems can complete large-scale and complex sensing tasks with the help of the collective intelligence from large numbers of ordinary users. In this paper, we build a typical crowdsensing system, which can efficiently calibrate large numbers of smartphone barometer sensors. The barometer sensor now becomes a very common sensor on smartphones. It is very useful in many applications, such as positioning, environment sensing and activity detection. Unfortunately, most smartphone barometers today are not accurate enough, and it is rather challenging to efficiently calibrate a large number of smartphone barometers. Here, we try to achieve this goal by designing a crowdsensingbased smartphone calibration system, which is called CBSC. It makes use of low-power barometers on smartphones and needs few reference points and little human assistant. We propose a hidden Markov model for peer-to-peer calibration, and calibrate all the barometers by solving a minimum dominating set problem. The field studies show that CBSC can get an accuracy of within 0.1 hPa in 84% cases. Compared with the traditional solutions, CBSC is more practical and the accuracy is satisfying. The experience gained when building this system can also help the development of other crowdsensing-based systems.

Export Barometer Seeks Rebound

World’s biggest small trade hub explores new ways to recover from pandemic Wang Minfeng’s tools and hardware company in Yiwu,a city in Zhejiang Province,east China,is sea rching for ways to survive the economic impact of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-1 9) pandemic.Wang started the business even before the Yiwu International Trade City,the world’s largest small commodity trade hub with more than 70,000 tenants,was established in2001,the year China joined the World Trade Organization.It survived the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2003 and the global financial crisis in 2008.

An Efficient Tide-Surge Interaction Model for the Coast of Bangladesh

The numerical method of lines(MOLs)in coordination with the classical fourth-order Runge Kutta(RK(4,4))method is used to solve shallow water equations(SWEs)for foreseeing water levels owing to the nonlinear interaction of tide and surge accompanying with a storm along the coast of Bangladesh.The SWEs are developed by extending the body forces with tide generating forces(TGFs).Spatial variables of the SWEs along with the boundary conditions are approximated by means of finite difference technique on an Arakawa C-grid to attain a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)of initial valued in time,which are being solved with the aid of the RK(4,4)method.Nested grid technique is adopted to solve coastal complexities closely with least computational cost.A stable tidal solution in the region of our choice is produced by applying the tidal forcing with the major tidal constituent M2(lunar semi-diurnal)along the southern open-sea boundary of the outer scheme.Numerical experimentations are carried out to simulate water levels generated by the cyclonic storm AILA along the coast of Bangladesh.The model simulated results are found to be in a reasonable agreement with the limited available reported data and observations.

FOUNDATION AND APPLICATION OF BACKGROUND TREND LINE OF CHINA'S INBOUND TOURISM

SUN Gen nian (Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062,P.R.China) ABSTRACE:Modern inbound tourism in China has been developing for 20 years, a trend line of inbound tourists in statistical data began to show. This paper introduces the concept of tourism background trend line, and explores its two functions as a barometer in demonstrating fluctuation in the tourism economy and as a forecaster in forecasting tourism development. The tourism background trend line is a new concept, the word "background" derived from environment science, refers to the  trend line" which reflects the dynamic curve or dynamic equation of tourism development without considering the impact of unexpected incidents. The introduction of this concept was inspired by Karl Marx’s comments on the relation between value and price. Tourism background trend line reflects the summary of multiple factors involving tourism resources, tourism demand, population growth, the scale and speed of economic development, and the spatial interaction between tourism origins and destimations. It demonstrates the natural and stable trend and the temporal law of tourism development in a country or region. The tourism statistical curve is at random, susceptible to disruptions and disturbances from serious political, economic and environmental happenings, but it always fluctuates around the background line. Tourism background line can reveal the potential of a country’s tourism development. Compared with the statistical line, it can be used as a  barometer" indicating ups and downs of tourism industry in the past. When naturally extended, the background trend line also can be used for forecasting the trend of tourism development in future. In this paper, 4 tourism background trend lines of China’s inbound tourists, i.e. foreign tourists, Hong Kong/Macao/Taiwan tourists, overseas Chinese tourists and total tourists from abroad, were established with statistical data from 1978 to 1996. And the impacts of the Political Event in 1989(or Tiananmen Square Incident) on China’s inbound tourism were evaluated. The result shows that the impact of the Event was not limited within one year, but it stretched over 3 years. The total loss was 20 million in tourist arrivals and ＄ 1620 million in foreign currency income. The paper also studied the trend of China’s inbound tourism in the next 4 years.

Multi-Floor Indoor Trajectory Reconstruction Using Mobile Devices

An indoor trajectory is the path of an object moving through corridors and stairs inside a building.There are various types of technologies that can be used to reconstruct the path of a moving object and detect its position.GPS has been used for reconstruction in outdoor environments,but for indoor environments,mobile devices with embedded sensors are used.An accelerometer sensor and a magnetometer sensor are used to detect human movement and reconstruct the trajectory on a single floor.In an indoor environment,there are many activities that will create the trajectory similar to an outdoor environment,such as passing along the corridor,going from one room to another,and other activities.We need to analyse trajectories to obtain the movement patterns,understand themost frequently visited places or paths used aswell as the least frequented ones.Furthermore,we can utilize movement patterns to obtain a better building design and layout.The latest studies focus on reconstructing the trajectory on a single floor.However,actual indoor environments are comprised of multi-floors and multibuildings.The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct a trajectory in an indoor multi-floor environment.We have conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithms in a campus building.The result of our experiment shows that the height of the building can be detected using a barometer sensor that gives an atmospheric pressure reading which is then transformed by setting the range value according to the number of floors,enabling the sensors to detect activity in a multi-floor building.The readings obtained from the magnetometer sensor can be used to reconstruct the trajectory similar to the real path based on the direction and degree of direction.The system accuracy in recognizing steps in a multi-floor building is about 84%.

Effect of Altitude Error on Position Precision of Double-Star Position System

The effects of two kinds of methods for obtaining altitudes on the position precision are analyzed, and the error expressions are deduced. Many simulation results show that in the two cases, the effects of the same altitude errors on the positioning precision are identical, and the rules that the two altitude errors affect positioning precision can be expressed as that altitude error has little effect on the east-west position error, but has large effect on the south-north position error.

Variability of soil radon attributed to meteorologic causes and its application

The meteorologic effects on soil radon is dealt with. The observations during a year at fixed locations show a clear pattern of seasonal variations of soil radon which is grossly lower during spring and summer, lowest in summer, and higher during autumn and winter, highest in winter. A fall of rain or snow usually brings about a steep rise of soil radon concentration. At 0℃ or so, especially below 0℃, radon values descend greatly. Besides seasonal variations, soil radon concentration also has diurnal changes, with a pattern of lower values at noon and higher values in the early morning and in the evening. From the vertical profile, an optimum depth for the measurement, which is 65-75 cm, is recognized, where the radon value is maximal and diurnal variations are minimal. At last, measures are put forward to reduce or remove meteorologic effects on soil radon in application.