Comparative study on the efficacy of transoral robotic surgery and non-robotic surgery for tongue base tumors

Objective:To compare the efficacy of transoral robotic surgery(TORS)and non-robotic surgery(NRS)in the treatment of tongue base tumors.Methods:A total of 45 patients with tongue base tumors treated in our hospital were selected,and they were divided into the TORS group and NRS group according to different surgical methods.The surgical indicators and postoperative complications of patients in the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:Compared with the NRS group,the operative time,bleeding volume and length of hospital stay were less in the TORS group,and the postoperative recurrence rate was less in the TORS group than that in the NRS group.The incidence rate of dysphagia and restricted mouth opening in the TORS group was lower than that in the NRS group within 30 d after surgery,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:TORS has better minimally invasive advantages in the treatment of tongue base tumors,including less intraoperative bleeding,smaller trauma,shorter length of hospital stay and faster recovery.

Transcervical Approach for Resection of Lateral Skull Base Tumors

Objectives Conventional approaches for removal of lateral skull base tumors, including transmandibular, infratemporal fossa, preauricular transzygmatic subtemporal approaches, are major invasive procedures that often sacrifice hearing and cause abnormal occlusion and cosmetic defects. Reports of the transcervical approach for resection of skull base tumors are rare, although it was described for resection of clival chordomas in as early as 1966. The purpose of this study is to review our experiences in management of lateral skull base tumors using the transcervical approach. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Methods Six lateral skull base tumor cases treated with transcervical approach procedures were reviewed, including the medical records. Results There were 4 males and 2 females. Age ranged from 12 through 52 years. Histopathological diagnoses included malignant schwannoma(n = 1), malignant carotid body tumor(n = 1), heamangioma(n=1), schwannoma (n=2) and pleomorphic adenoma (n = 1). Transcervical techniques were used in all cases with the use of microscope in the lateral skull base area. Complete tumor removal was achieved in all cases. Postoperative radiotherapy was implemented in 1 case of malignant schwannoma and 1 case of malignant carotid body tumor. Jugular foramen syndrome occurred as a surgical complication in 1 case of malignant Schwannoma of the vagus nerve. There was no tumor recurrence during the 10 - 42 month follow-up period. Conclusion Compared with conventional approaches, the transcervical approach provides a easy, safe, minimal invasive and effective procedure for removal of selected lateral skull base tumors.

Evidence-Based Nursing Practice of Reducing Immune-Related Skin Toxicity of Tumor Patients Guided by Sensitive Indicators

Purpose research on nursing sensitive indicators in tumor Patients application effect in immune-related skin toxicity management. Method select our hospital April to June, 202360 cases patients with immune therapy settings as the control group. August-October, 2023 60 cases the patients treated with immune therapy were the experimental group. The control group adopted regular nursing methods, while the experimental group sensitive Indicators, evidence-based give preventive care. The social situation, psychological state, physical function, quality of life score, incidence of skin toxicity caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors, moderate and above of the two groups of patients were compared. Incidence of skin toxicity. Result: experience group SAS score, SDS score higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05);The incidence of skin toxic reactions caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors and the incidence of moderate and above skin toxic reactions in the experimental group are lower than those in the control group, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: sensitive indicator guidance evidence-based preventive care can reduce the degree of immune-related skin toxicity, improve the psychological state and quality of life of tumor patients treated with immune therapy and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, improve nursing quality and patient satisfaction.

Postoperative mometasone irrigations improve quality of life in skull base tumor patients

Objectives:The use of topical corticosteroids to manage postoperative sinonasal symptoms after endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) has not been well studied.We quantified long‐term impact of postoperative steroid irrigations (SIs) on quality of life of patients after ESBS.Methods:Retrospective review of patients at the University of Pennsylvania undergoing ESBS from 2010 to 2019.Data on patient demographics and postoperative treatment with nasal saline irrigation twice daily with and without dissolved steroids (mometasone or budesonide) was collected.Preoperative,and 1‐,3‐,6‐,12‐,18‐,and 24‐month postoperative Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores were assessed.Results:A total of 727 patients were assessed (53.4% males),with 479 patients in the no SI group and 248 patients in the SI group.Preoperative SNOT‐22 scores did not differ significantly (P = 0.19).1‐,3‐,6‐,12‐,18‐,and 24‐month post‐op SNOT‐22 scores did not significantly differ between groups.However,mometasone irrigations resulted in significantly lower postoperative 2‐year SNOT‐22 scores compared to budesonide (P < 0.01) and saline (P = 0.03).Conclusions:Though corticosteroid irrigations are routine in managing inflammatory sinus disease,their role in postoperative management after ESBS for tumors is unclear.Our findings suggest that mometasone irrigation may be effective at improving postoperative quality of life in patients after ESBS.

Application value of ATP based bioluminescence tumor chemosensitivity assay in the chemotherapy for hydrothorax caused by non-small cell lung cancer

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical value and application of ATP based bioluminescence tumor chemosensitivity assay （ATP-TCA） in the chemotherapy for hydrothorax caused by non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Hydrothorax specimens from 120 NSCLC patients were analyzed by ATP-TCA and the most sensitive chemotherapeutic drugs were used in NSCLC patients （treatment group）. At the same time, 56 NSCLC patients with hydrethorax were admitted in our Hospital （Department of Oncology, The No. 2 People＇s Hospital of Yibin, China） and given chemotherapy without guidance of the ATP-TCA （control group）. Before the third chemotherapeutic cycle, clinical outcomes were analyzed in the two groups. Results： Effective rate of hydrothorax in treatment group was 67%, while 46% in control group （P 〈 0.05）. In refractory hydrothorax patients, they were 69% and 40% （P 〈 0.05）, respectively.In vitro results correlated well with clinical outcomes （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： Effective rate of chemotherapy for hydrothorax in NSCLC is higher in treatment group than that in control group. ATP-TCA is especially helpful for refractory hydrothorax.

Comparative analysis of ATP-based tumor chemosensitivity assay-directed chemotherapy versus physician-decided chemotherapy in platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of ATP-based tumor chemosensitivity assay(ATP-TCA) in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer(PRROC).Methods A total of 43 patients with PRROC who underwent chemotherapy based on the results of ATPTCA in the Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were included in the present study.As controls,we selected another 43 patients with PRROC who were treated at the physician's discretion within the same time period and had the same clinical characteristics as the patients in the ATP-TCA group.Logrank test and Cox proportional hazards model were adopted for analysis.Results A total of 86 patients were retrospectively analyzed in the present study.Patients were routinely monitored to evaluate the rate of progression-free survival(PFS).The median follow-up time was 13 months.The PFS for the ATP-TCA and control groups was 5 and 3 months,respectively(P = 0.027).Multivariate analysis showed that the type of treatment was an independent prognostic factor for PFS(P = 0.040;HR:0.623;95% CI:0.313–0.973).Subgroup analysis showed that among patients with a treatmentfree interval(TFI) of ≥ 3 months(n = 50),those in the ATP-TCA group had longer PFS than those in the control group(7 vs 4 months,P = 0.010).Meanwhile,the median PFS of patients who underwent ≤ 2 prior chemotherapy regimens(PCR,n = 52) in the ATP-TCA and control groups was 6 months and 4 months,respectively(P = 0.025).Conclusion ATP-TCA-directed chemotherapy might improve the PFS in PRROC.In particular,the survival benefit from ATP-TCA is higher in patients with a TFI of ≥ 3 months or treated with ≤ 2 PCR.

金属基纳米材料的放疗增敏研究进展

放射治疗是癌症的主要治疗策略之一,放疗增敏剂会增强肿瘤细胞对辐射的吸收。直接受到高能辐射或生成局部活性氧会导致细胞DNA损伤,进而诱导肿瘤细胞死亡。随着纳米技术的快速发展,纳米材料实现了对肿瘤细胞的辐射吸收增强与辐射抗性克服。同时,通过合理的设计可以使纳米放疗增敏剂实现精准递送至靶区、改善血液循环时间或增加肿瘤部位的积累量。目前,金属基纳米材料是放疗增敏研究的热点材料之一,同时也是临床推进的主要放疗增敏剂,并在放射治疗的放疗增敏以及与化学动力学疗法、光热治疗等的协同治疗中发挥作用。本文综述了金属基纳米材料的放疗增敏研究进展,特别关注不同金属基纳米材料的功能特征,挖掘其在成像诊断、联合治疗与协同诊疗方面的潜力,希望能给金属基纳米材料在放疗增敏领域的研发与临床推动起到积极作用。

Recurrent ameloblastoma in the anterior skull base: Report of 3 cases

Recurrent ameloblastoma is common following inadequate excision but rarely presents in the anterior skull base. We presented 3 patients with recurrent ameloblastoma in the anterior skull base including the frontotemporal fossa and the pterygomaxillary fossa that occurred following multiple enucleations, segmental mandibulectomy, or partial maxillectomy for ameloblastoma in the jaws. Attenborough approach was used in the exposure of the frontotemporal fossa. Attenborough plus Barbosa approach was used in the exposure of the pterygomaxillary fossa. The patients were treated by radical dissection. Microscopy confirmed that the histopathologic pattern of one case was fixed follicular and plexiform, two cases were follicular. All patients healed without serious complications. The local recurrences of the patients following the operations were found in 3 to 4 years. The present study showed that the tumors in the regions had a greater recurrence potential even when treated with radical dissection, and the original tumors were the high-risk follicular pattern.

Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from patient-matched esophageal carcinoma,adjacent noncancerous tissues and urine

BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between esophageal cancer(EC)and perturbed urinary metabolomic profiles,but none has described the correlation between urine metabolite profiles and those of the tumor and adjacent esophageal mucosa in the same patient.AIM To investigate how urinary metabolic phenotypes were linked to the changes in the biochemical landscape of esophageal tumors.METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics were applied to esophageal tumor tissues and adjacent normal mucosal tissues alongside patient-matched urine samples.RESULTS Analysis revealed that specific metabolite changes overlapped across both metrics,including glucose,glutamate,citrate,glycine,creatinine and taurine,indicating that the networks for metabolic pathway perturbations in EC,potentially involved in but not limited to disruption of fatty acid metabolism,glucose and glycolytic metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutaminolysis.Additionally,changes in most urinary biomarkers correlated with changes in biomarker candidates in EC tissues,implying enhanced energy production for rapid cell proliferation.CONCLUSION Overall,these associations provide evidence for distinct metabolic signatures and pathway disturbances between the tumor tissues and urine of EC patients,and changes in urinary metabolic signature could reflect reprogramming of the aforementioned metabolic pathways in EC tissues.Further investigation is needed to validate these initial findings using larger samples and to establish the underlying mechanism of EC progression.

Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastric tumors: Perspective for actual practice and oncological benefits

Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery(LECS) is a surgical technique that combines laparoscopic partial gastrectomy and endoscopic submucosal dissection. LECS requires close collaboration between skilled laparoscopic surgeons and experienced endoscopists. For successful LECS, experience alone is not sufficient. Instead, familiarity with the characteristics of both laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic intervention is necessary to overcome various technical problems. LECS was developed mainly as a treatment for gastric submucosal tumors without epithelial lesions, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs). Local gastric wall dissection without lymphadenectomy is adequate for the treatment of gastric GISTs. Compared with conventional simple wedge resection with a linear stapler, LECS can provide both optimal surgical margins and oncological benefit that result in functional preservation of the residual stomach. As technical characteristics, however, classic LECS involves intentional opening of the gastric wall, resulting in a risk of tumor dissemination with contamination by gastric juice. Therefore, several modified LECS techniques have been developed to av-oid even subtle tumor exposure. Furthermore, LECS for early gastric cancer has been attempted according tothe concept of sentinel lymph node dissection. LECS is a prospective treatment for GISTs and might become a future therapeutic option even for early gastric cancer. Interventional endoscopists and laparoscopic surgeons collaboratively explore curative resection. Simultaneous intraluminal approach with endoscopy allows surgeons to optimizes the resection area. LECS, not simple wedge resection, achieves minimally invasive treatment and allows for oncologically precise resection. We herein present detailed tips and pitfalls of LECS and discuss various technical considerations.

MODIFIED TRANSCRANIAL APPROACH FOR RESECTION OF TUMORS INVOLVING THE ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA

Objective: To introduce the method of a modified transcranial approach for resection of paranasal sinuses tumors involving the anterior skull base and to address our experience with the approach. Patients and Methods: Ten cases were operated by the approach. Among them, 4 suffered from benign meningeomas, 6 with malignant tumors included one chondrosarcoma, two malignant meningeomas, two olfactory neuroblastomas, and one squamous sarcoma. Of the patients, 4 cases had primary tumor and 6 cases had recurrent tumors. Result: All of the ten cases underwent operation and no postopertion complication occurred. 7 cases have survived for one to four years without tumor recurrence. 3 cases with malignant tumor died of tumor relapse in one to two years. Conclusion: This method significantly has helped to reduce the persistence and recurrence of the disease.

MDT-CBL教学方法在血液肿瘤临床教学中的应用研究

目的:探讨血液肿瘤教学中联合应用MDT和CBL教学方法的教学效果。方法:将2020年5月至2021年2月在血液科轮科的住院医师规范化培训学员共43人随机分为试验组(23人)和对照组(20人),试验组采用MDT-CBL教学方法,对照组采用LBL教学法,通过比较出科考核成绩和对带教老师的问卷调查比较两组的教学效果。结果:试验组学员在临床病例分析、实践技能及出科考核总成绩均优于对照组学员(P<0.05)。问卷调查表明,试验组学员在学习积极性、知识掌握程度、文献查阅能力、理论联系实际能力、临床思维能力、团队协作方面优于对照组学员(P<0.05)。结论:MDT-CBL教学方法能有效提高血液肿瘤的临床教学效果,全面提高学员的综合能力。

11例侧颅底罕见肿瘤的临床分析

目的总结以耳科症状为首发的侧颅底原发肿瘤的临床表现、影像学特点及诊疗方案,为临床诊疗积累经验。方法回顾性总结11例侧颅底肿瘤患者的临床资料,对其影像学表现、手术入路及术后随访结果进行分析。结果11例患者肿瘤侵犯范围主要包括颞骨鳞部、颞下窝、颞颌关节、中颅窝底、中耳等。采用颞下窝联合入路完整切除肿瘤,封闭外耳道。术后患者均无严重并发症。术后病理:弥漫性腱鞘巨细胞瘤3例,巨细胞修复性肉芽肿1例,软骨肉瘤1例,副神经节瘤1例,岩尖部胆脂瘤2例,面神经鞘瘤3例,均属于罕见肿瘤。8例随访超过1 a,1例复发,7例无复发,3例随访时间未超过1 a,随访时间内情况良好。结论高分辨颞骨CT及增强MRI对侧颅窝底肿瘤的病变范围和性质有良好的鉴别意义,术前仔细阅片可有效提高诊断率。针对肿瘤侵犯范围制定个性化手术方案。

基于医院登记的78046例恶性肿瘤患者生存报告

目的基于医院登记的恶性肿瘤患者随访资料,以真实世界数据侧面反映地区恶性肿瘤的治疗效果。方法纳入2011年1月1日至2020年12月31日于广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院确诊的恶性肿瘤住院患者,共78046例包括17种恶性肿瘤的随访数据质量符合要求纳入研究。通过医院疾病管理系统及电话随访等方式收集生存随访信息,随访统计时间截至2023年6月30日。应用寿命表法估计各瘤别的1年、3年和5年总生存(overall survival,OS)率,分别对不同性别、年龄组、民族、临床分期及首次治疗时间患者的生存情况进行分析。结果收治的前5位恶性肿瘤依次为肝癌(14672例)、肺癌(10878例)、女性乳腺癌(9430例)、结直肠癌(6895例)、宫颈癌(6250例)。17种恶性肿瘤患者的1、3、5年OS率分别为76.3%、58.6%和51.4%,其中男性患者5年OS率低于女性(39.9%vs 63.1%)。各癌种OS的总体趋势均随着年龄增加而下降,其中≤44岁、45~54岁、55~64岁、65~74岁和≥75岁年龄组患者的5年OS率分别为64.0%、59.6%、52.7%、44.9%和35.7%。相比2011—2015年,2016—2020年肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌、淋巴瘤患者的5年OS率均明显升高(均P<0.05)。不同临床分期恶性肿瘤患者的生存状况差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的5年OS率高于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者(82.2%vs 43.4%)。肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、鼻咽癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌中壮族患者的5年OS率较汉族患者明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论肝癌、肺癌是主要的收治癌种,恶性肿瘤患者中总体50%以上可以获得超过5年的生存期,不同癌种、年龄、性别、民族的恶性肿瘤患者生存状况存在明显差异,应持续实施规范、创新、多学科联合及精准的肿瘤临床治疗和早诊早治手段,以进一步改善患者的生存情况。

3D打印技术在住院医师规范化培训骨肿瘤案例式学习法中的应用

目的:分析评价3D打印技术在住院医师规范化培训骨肿瘤案例式学习法(case-based learning,CBL)中的应用效果。方法:纳入我院骨科住培基地学员60名,随机分为试验组(3D打印+CBL组)和对照组(床边带教组),通过考试和问卷调查评价3D打印技术在住培骨肿瘤CBL教学中的应用效果。结果:试验组学员理论知识考核成绩和实践能力考核成绩均高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组学员在总体满意程度、学习兴趣、教学吸引力、知识掌握程度、临床沟通交流能力和治疗方案理解程度方面的评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:3D打印技术联合CBL教学以案例为基础,突出骨肿瘤专业学习的重点和难点,提高了住培学员的学习兴趣和临床综合能力,值得在住培工作中推广应用。

肿瘤患儿化疗相关性口腔黏膜炎护理的最佳证据总结

目的:检索、评价并总结肿瘤患儿化疗相关性口腔黏膜炎护理的最佳证据总结,为医护人员临床工作提供借鉴。方法:依据“6S”证据模型自上而下系统检索相关指南网站、专业学会网站及国内外数据库中关于肿瘤患儿化疗相关性口腔黏膜炎护理的临床决策、指南、专家共识、系统评价、证据总结、原始文献。检索时限为2013年6月—2023年6月。由2名研究者独立进行文献质量评价、证据提取及整合。结果:最终纳入11篇文献,其中指南6篇、专家共识1篇、系统评价2篇、随机对照试验2篇。汇总了包括评估、健康教育、基础口腔护理、冷冻疗法、光生物调节疗法、药物及其他方法6个方面共23条最佳证据。结论:本研究总结了肿瘤患儿化疗相关性口腔黏膜炎护理的最佳证据,建议医护人员应用证据时结合临床情境及实际情况,选择性应用证据。

经口腔内窥镜在三维可视化及实时导航技术下切除咽旁及侧颅底良性肿瘤初探

目的 开展在三维可视化技术及术中实时导航辅助下,采取经口腔入路内窥镜下切除咽旁及侧颅底肿瘤的初步研究。方法 对8例咽旁或侧颅底区域的软组织肿瘤患者术前CT数据建模,通过三维可视化技术重建肿瘤与周围血管及其他重要结构的解剖位置关系,进行术前设计。术中采取经口腔入路,术中实时导航引导,内窥镜下切除咽旁及侧颅底软组织肿瘤,并评估该方法的临床应用价值。结果 8名患者采用该技术进行手术,术中失血量均控制在150 mL以内,平均失血量约125 mL。术后患者并发症发生率低,通过术后功能训练,患者均能够获得良好恢复。因采用经口入路,患者术后面部皮肤无伤口无瘢痕,对患者容貌无影响。结论 三维可视化技术、术中实时导航及内窥镜三者联合为咽旁肿瘤或侧颅底肿瘤患者提供了一种美观、安全、微创的手术方式。

基于自然语言处理的肿瘤专科病历质控系统建设

目的/意义通过建立电子病历内涵质控系统,实现病历书写标准化与规范化,提高医院病历质量。方法/过程基于医院医疗数据搭建智能中台,结合自然语言处理、机器学习技术形成具有肿瘤专科特色的知识库、规则库,实现电子病历“前置审核、全面覆盖、过程监管、闭环管理”的全新质控模式。结果/结论应用基于自然语言处理的肿瘤专科病历质控系统后,质控覆盖率由1%提升至100%,甲级病案率提升至96%以上,具有较好的实时性与准确率,为医院病历高质量发展奠定坚实的信息化基础。

纤维内镜在累及舌根的舌癌患者术后吞咽功能评估中的临床应用

目的:探讨纤维内镜评估吞咽功能(fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, FEES)在累及舌根的舌癌(both the oral tongue and the base of the tongue, OBOT)患者中的临床应用。方法:对2022年4月至2023年5月于我院初诊为累及OBOT病变的患者术前、术后1周、1月和1年进行吞咽功能评估。吞咽功能的评估包括MD安德森吞咽困难量表(MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, MDADI)、华盛顿大学生活质量问卷(University of Washington Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, UW-QOL)、头颈癌表现状态量表(Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer, PSS-HN)、洼田饮水试验(water swallow test, WST)、舌运动测量和FEES[包括渗透-吸入量表(Penetration-Aspiration Scale, PAS)和口咽吞咽效率(oropharyngeal swallowing efficiency, OPSE)]。并对FEES的评估OBOT的可靠性进行统计分析。结果:共有21例患者纳入研究。FEES具有较高的诊断价值(ROC曲线下面积=0.916)。FEES结果与WST和MDADI评分显著相关(P<0.001)。术后1年,累及OBOT病变患者的吞咽功能恢复到术前水平,但OPSE明显下降,生活质量仍受影响(P<0.001)。结论:FEES是评估累及OBOT病变患者术后吞咽功能的可靠方法,值得临床推广。在术后随访中,虽然这些患者的吞咽功能可以恢复,但应注意吞咽效率和生活质量。