Realization of the Function of Basic Rights to Balance Society--taking personal Information Rights as an example

The main function of basic rights is to defend against the state’s public power.the traditional theory of basic rights con-structs logic based on the dualistic framework of“state power and individual rights,”and deals with the dualistic horizontal relationship between“the state and individuals.”However,the increasing com-plexity of modern society has led to the emergence of different inter-ests and needs within society and the formation of new social powers,resulting in an unequal relationship between private subjects.In the digital era,this phenomenon has become particularly prominent,ev-idenced by the rise of data-based power and the frequent and serious intrusion of personal information by private subjects.In this context,the value of basic rights should radiate within society and function as a balancing force.taking the protection of personal information as an example,while innovating the idea of regulating society through basic rights,the state’s obligation to protect personal information should be further strengthened.Meanwhile,the direct effect of personal infor-mation rights,which are basic human rights,on the private subjects of data-based power should be established,so as to realize their function in balancing the interests of all parties in society.

The Concept of Digital Human Rights and Its Reshaping of Basic Rights

Whether a new generation of human rights emerges in the digital age has sparked widespread debate.Academic understanding of digital technology remains confined to thinking about network technology and products,often overlooking the revolutionary nature of digital media.Digital media has the sweeping potential to unify all forms of media and reshape social life,giving rise to new demands for a new generation of human rights.The concept of digital human rights can be defined as the legitimate rights of human's infinitely extended personalities through digital media.Its core characteristic is its transcendency,where every person lives in a networked space that surpasses physical boundaries,nations,and individual personalities.Human rights are generally considered the foundation for basic constitutional rights,which,in turn,form the basis for legislative acts across various sectors.In recent years,China has enacted numerous laws in the digital domain to keep pace with the times,but due to the lack of guidance on digital human rights,these laws tend to be fragmented and disjointed.It is urgent to unify digital legislation at all levels on the basis of reshaping basic constitutional rights.Thus,it is essential to reshape the basic rights based on the concept and characteristics of digital human rights and streamline legislation at all levels under the unified guidance of basic rights.This can help establish a comprehensive digital human rights protection system that meets the demands of the modern era.

The Environmental Human Rights under the Perspective of Basic Rights--An Analysis of the dilemma Facing the legalization of environmental Rights

Given the dilemma facing legalization on environmental rights, it is necessary to re-examine the nature and function of environmental human rights under the theoretical system of basic rights. Its justification approach follows a logical chain from a rights-based approach to basic rights. The difficulty in legalizing environmental rights reflects the disputes over the basis for environmental law. Reconstructing the right-based approach in environmental law can justify the rights-oriented path to the environmental rule of law. The basic rights system with human rights as the core can explain the constitutional environmental human rights. As the basic rights not enumerated in the Constitution, the environmental human rights have such functions as the right of self-defense, the right to benefit, and institutional, organizational and procedural guarantees due to its dual nature of subjective right and objective law.

Important Guarantee for The Basic Rights of Citizens——China's State compensation system

A common folk can sue an official? This was hardly possible in the past in China where the old feudalistic tradition dies hard. But this is really possible today when the common people cannot only sue officials and also get compensation if they are wronged. State compensation system It would be inevitable for government functionaries to cause damages to some citizens, legal persons or other organizations in the course of their management of the society. That is why China has established a State compensation system to compensate for the damages to citizens, legal persons and other organizations caused by government functionaries in exercising their power.

Civil Affairs Authorities Bent on Protecting People's Basic Rights

In response to the global financial crisis,China’s civil affairs au-thorities redoubled their effort in 2009 to improve the livelihood of the Chinese people and protect their basic rights and interests under the constitutional principle of respectingand protecting human rights.

Right to Family Life:Convergent Interpretation between Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong&Macao SARs

In the course of implementing the Constitution and theBasic Law in the Chinese mainland and the Hong Kong and MacaoSpecial Administrative Regions, the core content of “family life” (especiallythe part involving the parent-child relationship), which is abasic right at the constitutional level, has finally been recognized bythe competent authorities as “close ties between family members.”The convergent interpretation of basic rights by competent authoritiesin the Chinese mainland and the two special administrative regions,at least in terms of “family life,” is fundamentally due to the fact thatunder similar social, economic and population conditions, they havereached a consensus on understanding the core content of basic rightsunder the influence of international human rights law. On the basis ofthis convergent interpretation, there should be no longer significantdifferences in the basic rights enjoyed by Chinese citizens in the Chinesemainland and Hong Kong & Macao.

Forum Focuses on Environment as Basic Human Rights

＂The pursuit of a clean, beau- tiful environment is among the most basic of humanrights, which deserves protection,＇＂ said Luo Haocai, president of the China Society for Human Rights Studies. Luo made the remarks during the Sixth Beijing Forum on Human Rights, which was held between opened on September 12 and 13, 2013. A healthy environment is espe- cially important to the Chinese people while the country is in the process of economic development, he said.

Protection of Basic Human Rights in the Application of Big Data to Counter Terrorism

In the era of big data,the ways people work,live and think have changed dramatically,and the social governance system is also being restructured.Achieving intelligent social governance has now become a national strategy.The application of big data technology to counterterrorism efforts has become a powerful weapon for all countries.However,due to the uncertainty,difficulty of interpretation and potential risk of discrimination in big data technology and algorithm models,basic human rights,freedom and even ethics are likely to be impacted and challenged.As a result,there is an urgent need to prioritize basic human rights and regulate the application of big data for counter terrorism purposes.The legislation and law enforcement regarding the use of big data to counter terrorism must be subject to constitutional and other legal reviews,so as to strike a balance between safeguarding national security and protecting basic human rights.

On the System of Rights Underlying the Right to Health and Constraints on the Right to Health——Including a Commentary on the Basic Healthcare and Health promotion Law(Draft)

Conceptually,health is subjective,procedural and socially reliant.This three-fold nature determines the connotations of the right to health as well as the constraints thereof.The right to health encompasses both the right to freedom and social rights.The right to freedom in the context of health means that the state should respect the health status and choices of its citizens and trust that the people are able to optimize their health through their own efforts,whereas the right to basic healthcare services is an important component of the right to health from the perspective of social rights.The review system stipulated in administrative normative documents increases,to a certain degree,the possibility that citizens can realize their right to health.The right to health is constrained in three aspects:"precondition of the possible",concurrent requirements imposed by society and conflicts among basic rights.When there is financial restraint on what the state can afford,the right to health is constrained by limits to healthcare institutions and the provision of healthcare services.over-emphasis of individual responsibility on the part of the insured can possibly transform the right to health into an obligation to be healthy.

Enforcement of Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information and Continual Development of a Group of Basic Human Rights

Introduction 2013 saw the sixth anniversary of the formulation of Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information （hereinafter referred to as the Regulations） and the fifth anniversary of their being put into effect. As the Regulations were stipulated and put into force,

论客体对数据基本产权和分类确权的决定作用

数据二十条构建了基本数据产权,但要进一步确权立法,必须依据数据关系客体的不同对数据基本产权作出总体规定,并应根据客体类型作出分别规定。数据及其产品是新型民事关系客体,可被多人同时使用,其财产关系依合同产生具有相对性,这一客观规律决定数据产权为不同于所有权的有限产权。数据产权包括人格性权利和财产性权利,财产性权利以人格性权利为基础。数据确权立法的基本框架包括数据流通中当事人享有的数据持有权、加工使用权、数据产品经营权等基本数据财产权,著作类电子产品当事人的权利,数据直接生成产品当事人的权利,货币结算与比特币的规定,法院管辖、涉外法律适用、仲裁等内容。

A Retrospective and Prospective Look at Human Rights Education in Chinese Universities and Colleges——A Simultaneous Discussion of the Basic Effects of Human Rights Education on the Human Rights Development Environment

1. The Role of Human Rights Education in Promoting Human Rights Development 1. Human rights education shapes the soft environment for human rights development

数据权利保障之国家义务及其实现

数据权利保障存在着明显的“重私法,轻公法”现象。在宪法层面上,数据权利保障应以国家义务为根本依托。数据权利的国家义务体系是由尊重义务、保护义务、给付义务所组成的递进式结构,其内容分别对应着预防国家侵犯数据权利、排除第三人侵犯数据权利以及数据权利实现的国家给付性救济三个层次。为了确保国家积极履行对数据权利的保障义务,既要建立起国家保障数据权利的内部纠错审查机制,也要发挥公众对国家保障数据权利的外部监督效能,还要不断强化国家保障数据权利的司法救济力度,从而形成多元化的国家义务履行监督机制。

兜底性民生建设的国际经验与中国建构——基于社会福利权的考察

兜底性民生建设不仅是实现共同富裕的现实环节,也是建构中国特色社会福利权的必由之路。在实现国家治理现代化的历程中,兜底性民生建设兼具权利论与义务论的双重意蕴,是社会福利生产集中化的必然结果。发达国家探索形成以责任型制度理念为引导,以积极福利与消极福利并举为核心,以“需者福利”为原则的兜底性民生建设形态。构建有中国特色的兜底性民生建设体系,需要建立在国际经验和中国实践的宏大视野之上,须以积极稳健的举措接纳和解决复杂化民生问题,须淡化身份标识、制定具有专门性、针对性的社会福利政策,须以就业兜底帮扶为核心,实现社会福利个体权利和国家义务的内在均衡。

刑事诉讼证人出庭与远程视频作证——基本权干预的视角

面对刑事诉讼证人出庭难的实践挑战,远程视频作证成为技术层面的创新应对之策.然而,以证人在线出庭作为传统线下出庭的替代方案,存在正当性疑问.证人出庭对于查明案件事实至关重要,更是确保对质诘问权得以实现的程序保障.被告人与证人的直接对质诘问,是人的本能追求,也被国际司法规范认定为公正审判的基础性要求.从我国宪法文本出发,可以推导出对质诘问权的基本权地位.作为诉讼行为的远程视频作证,将不可避免地触及对质诘问权的核心内涵,从而具有基本权干预的性质.为规范远程视频作证,确保基本权干预的正当性,立法需要为其设置适当的正当化事由,包括但不限于当事人同意、证人无法出庭及证人保护等.

On the Right to a Happy Life as a Human Right

A happy life is the pursuit,enjoyment,and realization of ever more complex needs in a circular way under objective conditions In terms of its constituent elements,the right to a happy life,as a human right,not only has the characteristics of moral rights,universal rights,and rights of prevention and cooperation but also contains the three spiritual values of human rights From the perspective of the genealogy of human rights theory,the right to a happy life as a human right is a new human rights bundle with basic,comprehensive,and complex characteristics From the perspective of the basic structure,the right to a happy life,as a human right,constitutes its subject,content,and nature First and foremost,basic human rights stand for consensus at the current primary stage They are fundamental and preliminary,and they are relativistic concepts The largest human right,however,is characterized by complexity,inclusiveness,and systematism,and is an absolute concept From the basic human rights to the largest human rights is a classic expression in different stages of China’s human rights construction It is not only the obligation and commitment in human rights practice,but also a summary of human rights theory,and more importantly,an important theoretical achievement of China’s human rights development in the new era.

Conflict and Balance Between the Right to Life and Other Rights

The global COVID-19 pandemic is changing the international order and transforming the lifestyle of the mankind pandemic prevention and control has posed new challenges to the traditional system of basic rights Conflicts between the right to life and other rights, arising from the pandemic prevention and control measures adopted by governments, have triggered academic debates Governments have taken stringent pandemic prevention and control measures to protect the life, health and safety of the public, including restricting their personal freedom, freedom of religious belief as well as freedom in other spheres, with a view to safeguard the right to life In order to prioritize the right to life among the basic rights, its legitimacy basis should be researched on and a reasonable balance should be struck among the right to life, the right to dignity and other freedoms In the post-epidemic era, we should carry forward the human rights culture, optimize the system and mechanism that defend the value of the right to life, and endow the right to life with new connotation and mission.

论请求权基础思维在民事裁判中的规范适用--以《民法典》与《民诉法》的融通为视角

随着德国法学方法论在我国的深入推广和《民法典》的实施,请求权基础思维得到了广泛研究,但纵观其推广历程,重点仍处于民法教育的案例教学课堂上,未广泛应用于具体的审判程序中,大部分关于请求权基础的应用只体现于其作为法律规范的作用,而未按照“诉讼请求→法律规范→要件事实→判决结果”的规范顺序进行,致使请求权基础的方法论功能未得到很好的体现,这归根于几十年来根深蒂固的以法律关系为中心的裁判思维以及民事实体理论与程序理论的脱节。针对部分裁判人员对请求权基础的理解存在差异,请求权竞合问题导致实体法和程序法衔接受阻等现实困境,应从发挥法律关系思维优势、平衡实体请求权与诉讼标的之间的冲突以防止“重复诉讼”、利用诉讼的客观合并有效处理请求权竞合问题等三个方面推动请求权基础思维的运用,进而加强民事实体法与民事程序法之间的融合,保障裁判的公正性。

居民医保城乡整合政策对流动人口公共卫生服务获得的影响基于健康权益保障视角

目的:新冠疫情暴露出我国医防割裂的短板,国务院提出统筹医保基金和公共卫生服务资金使用,增强流动人口健康权益保障。本文基于此考察了居民医保城乡整合政策对流动人口公共卫生服务获得的影响。方法:基于2018年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,运用PSM方法进行数据分析。结果:居民医保城乡整合政策促使流动人口居民健康档案、家庭医生签约和公共健康教育分别提高6.01%~6.85%、3.22%~3.74%和3.77%~4.85%(P<0.001),且稳健性检验后结果仍然成立。异质性分析显示,相较于城镇和跨省流动人口,整合政策对农村和省内流动人口公共卫生服务获得的积极作用更强。结论:居民医保城乡整合政策是促进流动人口公共卫生服务获得的重要因素,且不同群组之间的影响程度会存在差异。

试论左肝右肺

“左肝右肺”理论源自《黄帝内经》“肝生于左,肺藏于右”。此文通过梳理相关文献,认为“左肝右肺”是对肝肺两脏生理功能及病理变化的描述;总结历代医家临床实践及现代研究,发现该理论及其衍生理论在临床诊疗活动中具有较高的指导意义。此理论在临床中得到印证,现浅议其渊源及临床运用,旨在为临床提供辨证思路,提高疗效。