Universal Basic Education and National Development:Issues and the Way Out

Education has been identified as one of the best financial investitment any government can make.Education is a human right and indispensible means of realising other human right..Studies has shown that a good basic education is a sine qua non for subsequent progress in the life of an average citezen.The Nationalm Policy on Education 2004 opined that basic education is the key to the success or failure of the whole system since the rest of the education is built on it.A good basic education provides a background and foundation that gruarantees better educational attainment in the future.The Universal Declarattion of Human Right in article 13(1)of the convention stated that“education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality”.It also added in Article 13(2)that primary education must be universal,ensure that basic learning needs of all children are satisfied and take into account the culture,needs and opportunities of the community.The above stated policies and conventions have serious implication for the financing and management of educational programmes and provision of funds for the realization of the objectives of basic education.Based on this therefore,the paper focused on the discusion of brief over view of universal primary education,conceptual clarification,impact of universal basic education on national development,issues in universal basic education and national developmen.The papewr finally made some suggestions on the way out in solving problems facing universal basic education in Nigeria.

A CDA Approach to Understanding Chinese Basic Education Reform From Sino-US News Reports

It has been about one decade since China takes effect the basic education reform, and this study chooses 14 news reports about Chinese basic education reform in the recent years from both America and China as the research samples, and analyzes the samples from the perspective of critical discourse analysis （CDA） to show whether there are differences in the two countries＇ news reports. The samples in this study are selected from the official websites of the two countries. Among the American news reports, some reports from New York Times and others from CNN; while among the Chinese reports, some are from China Daily and others are from CCTV. Under the theoretical framework of CDA, this paper is based on Fairclough＇s three-dimensional modes, and chooses Halliday＇s systemic-functional grammar as the analytical tool. It aims to reveal the hidden relationship between news reports language and ideology as well as power through the contrastive analysis. Through the analysis it finds out that the power relations and ideologies tend to exist in news reports on the issue of Chinese basic education reform. The purposes of news reports are not only to provide the latest information to readers, but also to influence the readers ideologies and at last even to control the readers＇ ideologies through reading of the very issue

Reflection on the Quality and Equity of Chinese Basic Education--From PISA 2018 Results: Where All Students Can Succeed

PISA 2018 Results:Where All Students Can Succeed analyzes students’academic performance and wellbeing from the social background of students and schools.It shows that the influence of socio-economic status on the academic performance of students in Beijing,Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang(China)(hereafter“B-S-J-Z[China]”)is relatively low,but disadvantaged students receive insufficient support from school;socio-economic segregation between schools in B-S-J-Z(China)affects students’academic performance and expectations for the future;the shortage of quality teachers in B-S-J-Z(China)is serious,but the teaching resources are sufficient.According to PISA 2018,China should promote balanced development among schools,strengthen teachers’education,adhere to curriculum and teaching reform,so as to promote education equity and improve education quality.

A Brief Analysis on the Development of Internationalization of Basic Education from"External"to"Internal"

In view of globalization,the internationalization of basic education has become a world trend.It is an important strategic tool for each country to actively deal with the challenges of globalization,and it is also the main way to improve the quality of education around the world.The development of the internationalization of basic education requires the active participation of all countries around the world,in which it will have an impact and influence on the educational development,educational concept,and teaching management of all countries.However,only by conforming to the historical and inevitable trend of the internationalization of education,understanding the actual situation of the country's economic development,social development,and educational context,studying and implementing development strategies,as well as integrating healthy internationalization into the educational practice,then the internationalization of education can develop further so as to promote the rapid development of the whole world's education cause.

Practical Promotion of Basic Education to Reduce Burden and Improve Quality of Thinking and Suggestions

How to effectively implement the work of reducing the burden of basic education has been concerned by people.By using the knowledge of game theory,this paper analyzes the behavioral goals of the relevant subjects in reducing the burden of basic education,and puts forward some suggestions.We should change the"focus"to"characteristics"and guide the diversified development of primary and secondary education.By adjusting the matching degree of various levels of education,the pressure of entering school can be reduced.Through social reform,the interests of different classes were adjusted and the residual negative influence of imperial examination culture was eliminated,so as to successfully remove the stumbling block of"excessive academic burden"in the educational reform of the new era and create conditions for cultivating a large number of outstanding talents needed for national development and national rejuvenation.

Basic Education in China:Achievements and Drawbacks

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Challenges of Bioethics Education in Pediatric Basic Nursing Education: A Faculty Perspective

In the field of pediatric nursing, in the perinatal period, numerous ethical issues arise alongside the advancement of medical technology. However, sufficient education on bioethics is not provided in the pediatric nursing domain of basic nursing education. The purpose of this research is to examine the current status of bioethics education in the pediatric nursing domain of basic nursing education and explore the challenges perceived by the pediatric nursing faculty regarding bioethics education. The research method was a questionnaire survey on 100 randomly selected pediatric nursing faculty members from nursing universities across Japan. The results revealed that although bioethics issues were considered important, the emphasis remained primarily on addressing bioethics as part of nursing that respects children’s rights. Furthermore, respondents expressed difficulties regarding teaching methods and content related to bioethics.

High-Quality Development Path of Digital Transformation Enabling Basic Education:Taking the National Information-Based Teaching Experimental Areas as an Example

Under the background of rapid development of“digital China,”digital economy,and information technology,how to promote digital transformation in education is an important issue in education.Basic education is in urgent need of guidance for the paths to digital transformation.The paper analyzes the main connotation of digital transformation in education,classifies and summarizes the effects and problems of the exploration and practice of the national information-based teaching experimental areas.On this basis,the paper brings forth the path of digital transformation with continuous iteration as the core concept:Basic education organizations should make clear of the objectives of education development,choose and determine specific paths and measures in terms of the construction of the institutional system and digital capabilities according to their own realities,and promote their implementation.After the implementation for a period,these organizations should,according to the objectives of their work,research and judge the effectiveness of the paths,promptly adjust the paths and measures,and continuously promote their implementation.Through continuous iteration and optimization,basic education organizations will effectively accelerate the process of digital transformation in education and incessantly march toward the objectives of educational work.Finally,the paper,through a case study of the administrative departments of basic education,proposes specific suggestions for stepping up high-quality development of basic education.

The New Basic Education and Whole School Reform:A Chinese Experience

Since the 1980s,China has entered an era of transformation which has extended its reach to education and school reforms.The“New Basic Education”(NBE)was born in this era and implemented by the East China Normal University together with schools around the country.NBE aims at nurturing the active,healthy development of a new generation of Chinese people,focusing on classroom teaching and reform,and life practice within the classroom,as well as a reconstruction of school management.A breakthrough has been made with the development of a system that is suitable for the practice of education in China.

Policy and Practice of the Decentralization of Basic Education in China:The Shanghai Case

This paper is aimed at exploring distinctive features of the decentralization of basic education in Shanghai by drawing on data from Shanghai Program for International Students Assessment(PISA)2012.While doing the research for this paper,the author found that from a policy perspective,Shanghai had launched a reform policy aimed at transforming the highly centralized education system.This included a devolution of the decision-making authority to local departments of education and a reduction of control over schools.Private school policies were also initiated with the understanding that private schools ought to enjoy autonomy in almost every aspect of decision-making.From the perspective of practice,decentralization of basic education could be categorized as county-based school decentralization.In such a situation,the county bureaus of education wielded decision-making authority over a number of areas in the public school sector,while gradually devolving some decision-making authority to the public schools themselves;and the private schools enjoyed autonomy within their major decision-making areas.Given both the policy and practice of the decentralization of basic education in Shanghai,some suggestions are provided regarding:(1)how to promote school decentralization,and(2)how to balance it with accountability.

Intercultural Communication in the Context of a Canada-China Sister School Partnership:The Experience of One New Basic Education School

This paper presents the case of one Sister School in the Canada-China Reciprocal Learning Project based on a belief that practice has significant value for the development of teachers’intercultural awareness and schools’intercultural communication experience.This paper focuses on one Shanghai school’s reciprocal learning experience,highlighting the content of intercultural communication,the areas of collaboration,the characteristics of collaboration,and the attitudes towards collaboration in the intercultural context.Against the backdrop of New Basic Education reform in China,I try to depict how a Sister School partnership guided by the principle of reciprocal learning motivates Chinese and Canadian teachers to work together across cultural differences in order to learn and develop in terms of theory and practice.I also discuss difficulties and challenges that have occurred in the process of intercultural communication.In the process,reciprocal learning is re-conceptualized and relived as part of our research endeavor.

An inspection on the Gini coefficient of the budget educational public expenditure per student for China's basic education

Using statistical data on the implementing conditions of China's educational expenditure published by the state,this paper studies the Gini coefficient of the budget educational public expenditure per student in order to examine the concentration degree of the educational expenditure for China's basic education and analyze its balanced development condition.As the research shows,China's basic education is undergoing an unbalanced development due to diversified factors,which is mainly reflected as follows:firstly,the budget educational public expenditure presents a four-tiered appearance of the strong,the less strong,the less weak and the weak,which lead to a great discrepancy between the two opposing extremes;secondly,the compulsory education in rural areas is still confronted with great difficulties;thirdly,the general senior secondary education is loaded with the crisis of unbalance.Therefore,it is necessary to construct a balanced development policy framework of the basic education and pay close attention to the benefit and effectiveness of the educational input.In addition,it is also important to clearly stipulate the criterion of the government's educational allocation and to support the disadvantaged areas in order to promote the balanced development of the basic education.

Experience and Challenge of Basic Education Development in China:Reflections on PISA 2018 Results

The outstanding performance of students in four Chinese provinces and municipalities in the Program for International Student Assessment(PISA)2018 is inextricably linked to local resource support,excellent education traditions,and ongoing curriculum and teaching reform.However,deepening education reform requires attention to existing challenges,including large inter-school gaps,the shortage of teachers in urban and rural areas,as well as students’heavy schoolwork burden and low level of well-being.Therefore,several policy suggestions are proposed accordingly:gaining insight into and developing higher quality and fairer education,pursuing effective actions of education reform,and exploring innovative pathways to address educational problems.

The balanced development of basic education in the context of globalization

Basic education is not only an essential means for eliminating stratification and differences in society but also one of the main reasons for the enlargement of the gap between the rich and the poor.Because it faces pressure in the context of globalization,a balanced development of basic education would be a good way to relieve this pressure.This paper summarizes the international experience of balanced development of basic education in five aspects:policies and laws,educational funds,teacher resources,disadvantaged groups and conditions for running a school.On the basis of these,the authors put forward relevant suggestions concerning the balanced development of basic education in China.

A Retrospective and Prospective Look at Human Rights Education in Chinese Universities and Colleges——A Simultaneous Discussion of the Basic Effects of Human Rights Education on the Human Rights Development Environment

1. The Role of Human Rights Education in Promoting Human Rights Development 1. Human rights education shapes the soft environment for human rights development

Learning from the Film “Mitorishi (Transition Doula)”—Application to Understanding the End-of-Life in a Gerontological Nursing Practice Course in Japan

Purpose: This study aims to detail what nursing students learned from watching the film “Mitorishi”, which was used among the teaching materials in a gerontological nursing practice course in nursing education in Japan, and demonstrate the applicability of using the film as an element relevant to the teaching of end-of-life care in Japan. Methods: The participants were fourth-year nursing students at University A who had watched the film “Mitorishi” during the course, had submitted a report on what they learned, and provided informed consent to the study participation. The reports submitted by the participants were used as data and analyzed qualitatively using the content analysis approach. Results: The analysis identified the following five categories (number of codes): Characteristics of life during the final days (9), Importance of views on life and death (3), Importance of end-of-life care (3), Assistance in preparation for the final days of life (13), and Understanding the profession of transition doula (9). Discussion: The five categories show that the students have learned about the “role of nurses at the time of end-of-life care” while “visualizing end-of-life care” and learning “preparedness for end-of-life care”. These findings suggest that using the film “Mitorishi” in the teaching curriculum is effective for learning about end-of-life care for older people.

A Spatial Supply-Demand Imbalance Between Rural Primary and Secondary Schools in Shaanxi Province Based on Road Network Analysis

It is of great significance to optimize the spatial matching of basic education facilities in rural areas and promote the equalization of urban and rural basic public services and the overall revitalization of rural areas.Based on the theory of spatial accessibility and spatial balance of supply and demand,this paper constructs the evaluation system of rural basic education facilities and layout rationality.In this study,we took 42 primary and secondary schools and 2089 rural areas with concentrated population in six township areas of Hancheng City as the research subjects.We used ArcGIS network analysis,population coupling model,and other methods,from the administrative scale and rural population concentration area scale for evaluation.The accessibility of basic education facilities and its coupling relationship with the spatial distribution of student population describe the spatial and geographical pattern of basic education facilities in rural areas.The results show that the accessibility of rural administrative scale and the spatial balance of supply and demand of population concentration area scale are associated with great problems,the differences between towns are obvious,and the overall level of the best performing towns is still low.On the scale of population concentration area,the overall coupling degree is too low,the"dislocation"distribution of educational facilities and student population is obvious,and the matching degree of the student population and school in different towns is significantly different,showing a more obvious"core-periphery"spatial structure characteristics centered on the eastern and southeast regions.The terrain characteristics of rural areas in Shaanxi province are prominent,and the accessibility of the road network is particularly significant.Therefore,optimizing the construction of rural roads and optimizing school layout according to local conditions will become an important solution to promote the balanced allocation of basic education resources in Shaanxi province.

Education[Bildung]-Literality-Competence:On Competing Tasks of Public Schools and the Need for New Links Between Teaching and Educational Research

Instead of replacing traditional input control with output measurements,it is important to link teaching and educational research in such a way that competence measurements not only measure the levels of demands achieved by learners but also the quality and effectiveness of teaching.Originality/Value:The train of thought overcomes the juxtaposition of philosophy of education and empirical research and shows how the two can cooperate theoretically and empirically.

Research on the Reform of College Entrance Examination Content under the Background of New College Entrance

Since the reform of the new college entrance examination,the reform of the college entrance examination content has achieved certain results,but there are still problems in the connection of basic education and higher education,the relationship between school teaching and the college entrance examination,knowledge selection and ability examination.The reform of the content of the college entrance examination can solve the problems in the reform by clarifying the educating nature of the content of the college entrance examination,improving the guidance of the content of the college entrance examination,and enhancing the scientificity of the content of the college entrance examination.

Rethinking“Basic Issues”in Moral Education

Purpose:This article presents an alternative interpretation of“basic principles”in moral education by reconsidering Dewey’s moral education theory,which has had profound influence on Chinese educational theory and practice.Design/Approach/Methods:Through a close analysis of Moral Principles in Education(1909),this study identifies four ideological and logical limitations in Dewey’s moral education theory.Findings:Analysis revealed four limitations in Dewey’s moral education theory.First,although“moral ideas”originate from real life,they are insufficient for developing a fully moral life.Second,the“moral trinity”is an ideal that cannot be fulfilled when exposed to reality.Third,the interpretation of“ideas about morality”needs to extend beyond examinations of their effects on behavior,particularly insofar as these ideas play a complex role in the overall development of individuals.Fourth,simply teaching ideas about morality constitutes the worst practice of“direct moral instruction.”In this respect,best practice involves cultivating moral ideas while facilitating the transformation of ideas about morality into moral ideas or vice versa.Originality/Value:The distinction between“moral ideas”and“ideas about morality”has long been considered the basic problem of moral education.This study presents another approach to the“basic problem”of moral education that complements and reinforces these concepts.