Progress of semitransparent emerging photovoltaics for building integrated applications

With the rapid development of emerging photovoltaics technology in recent years,the application of building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs)has attracted the research interest of photovoltaic communities.To meet the practical application requirements of BIPVs,in addition to the evaluation indicator of power conversion efficiency(PCE),other key performance indicators such as heat-insulating ability,average visible light transmittance(AVT),color properties,and integrability are equally important.The traditional Si-based photovoltaic technology is typically limited by its opaque properties for application scenarios where transparency is required.The emerging PV technologies,such as organic and perovskite photovoltaics are promising candidates for BIPV applications,owing to their advantages such as high PCE,high AVT,and tunable properties.At present,the PCE of semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)has attained 14%with AVT of 22–25%;for semitransparent organic solar cells(ST-OSCs),the PCE reached 13%with AVT of almost 40%.In this review article,we summarize recent advances in material selection,optical engineering,and device architecture design for high-performance semitransparent emerging PV devices,and discuss the application of optical modeling,as well as the challenges of commercializing these semitransparent solar cells for building-integrated applications.

Analyses of influence of residential buildings' space organization on heating energy consumption in Lhasa

The heating load simulation models of the residential buildings in Lhasa are established for enhancing the space organization’s adaptability to climate and radiation and improving its energy saving performance.The space organization items a e analyzed for both the existing buildings without insulation and new buildings with good insulation.The items include orientation design,south a d north balcony design,the north and south partition wall’s position design,storey height design and window-wall ratio design.Simulation results show that orientation is the key design element for energy saving design,and adverse orientation can obviouslyincrease heating energy consumption;south and north balconies can reduce winter heating energy consumption;partition walls move to the north,which means that the south room’s big depth design leads to less heating energy consumption,but the effect is not inconspicuous;smaier storey height results in less heating load.For the existing buildings,the window-wall ratio of south side has a balance point for energy saving design in the calculation condition.For the new buildings with good insulation,enlarging the south window-wal ratio can continuously reduce heating energy consumption,but the energy saving rate between models gets smaier.The heating energy consumption comparison study between the common model and optimal space design model demonstrates that the energy saving design can significantly reduce heating energy consumption

Copper-organic Framework Constructed from Rod-shaped Secondary Building Units with Selective Sorption Property

One novel metal-organic framework [Cu2（L）（μ3-OH）]n（1, H3L = [1,1＇：3＇,1＇＇-terphenyl]-4,4＇＇,5＇-tricarboxylic acid） has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal powder X-ray diffraction, IR and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic crystal system, space group Pbca with a = 21.573（19）, b = 5.404（5）, c = 33.78（3） ？, C21H（12）O7Cu2, Mr = 503.39, V = 3938（6） A^3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.698 g·cm^-3, μ = 2.202 mm^-1, F（000） = 2016, 1.531〈θ〈25.009°, λ（Mo Kα） = 0.71073 A, T = 293（2） K, the final R = 0.0448 and wR = 0.1002. The structure of complex 1 is a three-dimensional（3D） framework based on infinite rod-shaped secondary building units and can be simplified as kgd topology. The gas adsorption measurements for N2, CO2, H2O, CH3OH and CH3CH2OH have been done. Fortunately, the selective sorption of CO2 over N2 was found at 195 K.

Analysis of Solar Direct-Driven Organic Rankine Cycle Powered Vapor Compression Cooling System Combined with Electric Motor for Office Building Air-Conditioning

Solar energy powered organic Rankine cycle vapor compression cycle(ORC-VCC)is a good alternative to convert solar heat into a cooling effect.In this study,an ORC-VCC system driven by solar energy combined with electric motor is proposed to ensure smooth operation under the conditions that solar radiation is unstable and discontinuous,and an office building located in Guangzhou,China is selected as a case study.The results show that beam solar radiation and generation temperature have considerable effects on the system performance.There is an optimal generation temperature at which the system achieves optimum performance.Also,as a key indicator,the cooling power per square meter collector should be considered in the hybrid solar cooling system in design process.Compared to the vapor compression cooling system,the hybrid cooling system can save almost 68.23%of electricity consumption.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO TENANT ORGANIZATIONS' WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY FOR THE INTANGIBLE VALUE-ADDED BENEFITS OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS:CASE STUDY IN SINGAPORE

This research aims to understand the demand for sustainable buildings by inves-tigating the tenant organizations’willingness-to-pay(WTP)behavior towards the value-added benefits(VABs).Tenant organizations refer to tenants operating in office buildings on tenancy agreement.Six groups of factors of tenant organi-zations’WTP for the VABs are identified:(1)Organization Characteristics,(2)Current Premises,(3)Building Characteristics,(4)Satisfaction of the VABs Expe-rienced,(5)Perception,and(6)Knowledge of Sustainability Issues,Building Sus-tainability Rating Systems and Building Impacts.A survey was conducted on the tenant organizations operating in office buildings located in the city area of Singa-pore.The hypothesized relationship between the tenant organizations’WTP for the VABs and its factors were tested using a series of statistical techniques on the data collected from the survey.It is found that older tenant organizations tend to have lower WTP for the VABs of improved health and comfort of their employees.Generally,tenant organizations also have demand for sustainable buildings mainly due to the positive organizational image that sustainable buildings help to project.In addition,it is found that the current building sustainability rating systems are inadequate for communicating the sustainability benefits to building occupants and for achieving building sustainability.Lastly,the investigation reveals that the use of sustainable technologies is not as important as how the building is being managed during its operational stage for ensuring building sustainability performance.The findings from this study are useful for channeling the sustainability efforts of the building industry to more effective areas.

Achieving the Visual Perception and Gestalt Psychology in Sultan Hassan Mosque Building

The gestalt principles are perception and what is visually communicated by objects. These principles describe the visual language within which we work. Understanding how a designer realizes things visually will help designers communicate better. Many designers use Gestalt principles to have a structure visual stimulus, so as to create interfaces that are easy for users to understand. Because the understanding of visual perception is a critical item in any designer’s toolkit. Islamic heritage buildings also contain many architectural values, especially the Sultan Hassan Mosque in Cairo. Through this paper, we will verify the use of gestalt principles of visual perception in the building design. Because the psychological organization of the design, achieves the understanding and awareness of the current relationships between the elements, depending on the extent of regularity, accuracy, and consistency of the design elements. This makes us recognize the esthetic values of Sultan Hassan’s building and mosque. The visual delight we get from architecture begins with how we perceive it. So, in order to understand how visual delight arises, we must first understand how we perceive and interpret visual stimuli. Especially since the principles of gestalt confirm that the human brain tends to make tricks and illusions. Therefore, we found the mosque designer had exploited this fact during the design process, to exclude any possibility of the resulting misunderstanding. The designer achieved the psychological preparation of the visitor by using some principles of visual perception of the Gestalt theory, such as growth, continuity, and hierarchy.

Structural survey of metal-covalent organic frameworks and covalent metal-organic frameworks

This review offers an overview of the latest developments in metal-covalent organic framework(MCOF)and covalent metal-organic framework(CMOF)materials,whose construction entails a combination of reversible coordination and covalent bonding adapted from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),respectively.With an emphasis on the MCOF and CMOF structures,this review surveys their building blocks and topologies.Specifically,the frameworks are classified based on the dimensions of their components(building blocks),namely,discrete building blocks and one-dimensional infinite building blocks.For the first category,the materials are further divided into collections of two-and three-dimensional networks based on their topologies.For the second category,the recently emerging MCOFs with woven structures are covered.Finally,the state-of-the-art in MCOF and CMOF chemistry has been laid out for promising avenues in future developments.

The Research of Learning Organization

Building a learning organization is the general trend of the 21st century, Enterprise only establish a learning organization and to be invincible in the fierce competition. This paper proposed the principles, elements and methods of building a learning organization ,on the basis of analysing the concept and characteristics of learning organization.

Organization and evolution of climate responsive strategies,used in Turpan vernacular buildings in arid region of China

Under the global crisis of energy shortage and environmental pollution,the climate responsive strategies used in vernacular buildings have attracted much attention for their potential to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions.However,the relationships between these traditional climatic strategies were not precisely perceived,which may cause the inapplicability of these strategies for contemporary rural houses.In this paper,taking the Turpan vernacular buildings in arid region of China,the climate responsive strategies of buildings in the most significant periods such as the Gaochang period(before 1318),the Khanate and Republican period(1318–1949),the Modern period(1949–2010),and the Contemporary period(2011–present)were summarized.In addition,two different types of climatic strategies organizations,namely multilayer spaces and integrated building envelopes,were identified based on the temperature difference measurement and comparative analysis.The assessment of thermal performance of the organizations was conducted by the methodology of software simulation.Furthermore,the applicability of the organizations in rural areas was discussed,and a new combined organization was proposed.Consequently,this study can contribute to provide the main approaches for climatically responsive rural houses.

Functionality of Covalent Organic Framework (COF) in Gas Storage Application: First Principal Study

Industrial growth in recent years led to air pollution and an increase in concentration of hazardous gases such as O3 and NO. Developing new materials is important to detect and reduce air pollutants. While catalytic decomposition and zeolites are traditional ways used to reduce the amount of these gases. We need to develop and explore new promising materials. Covalent organic framework (COF) has become an attractive platform for researcher due to its extended robust covalent bonds, porosity, and crystallinity. In this study, first principal calculations were performed for gases adsorption using COFs containing nitrogen and π-bonds. Different building blocks (BBs) and linkers (LINKs/LINK1 & LINK2) were investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations with B3LYP and 3-21G basis sets to calculate the binding energies of gases @COF systems. Electrostatic potential maps (ESPM), Mulliken charges and non-covalent interaction (NCI) are used to understand the type of interactions between gas and COFs fragments. O3 was found to bind strongly with COF system in comparison with NO which could make COF a useful selective material for mixed gases environment for sensing and removal application.

走向统纳式:社会组织高质量党建新思路——基于“结构-功能-过程”分析框架

任务导向的社会组织党建实践缺乏针对高质量的图景识别,一定程度导致对有形而非有效的关注。破解社会组织党建的理论与实践双重困局亟待回应“何为高质量党建的应然样态”。为此,跳出传统宏中观的分析定式,在“嵌入”与“统合”模式的基础上提出“统纳式”社会组织高质量党建新模式。同时,纳入“过程”维度以调和结构功能主义的静态逻辑,构建起“结构-功能-过程”的理论框架,继而从系统结构关系、功能维度呈现、动态周期过程三维度微观呈现了统纳式党建的应然图景。“统纳式”党建应体现结构上的系统性、关系上的柔性化、流程上的动态性,具体可通过“结构”维度的组织群域关系、“功能”维度的多维要素呈现以及“过程”维度的不同生命周期得以阐释。

反向嵌入与资源扩展:社会组织党建的机制分析

已有研究通过“国家—社会”的分析路径探讨了社会组织党建的机制,但这些研究囿于政党视角的窠臼,局限于以“政党嵌入论”和“资源依赖论”解释社会组织的党建行为,而忽略了社会组织的主动回应和社会组织党建之后的资源变化。文章尝试以“反向嵌入与资源扩展”作为理论框架,分析社会组织对党建的回应机制和回应策略,进一步发展资源依赖论和政党嵌入论。研究发现,社会组织回应党建要求,反向嵌入党组织,积极识别和有效利用党建的空间,为自身发展创造优势,同时社会组织积极地进行资源扩展,通过党建获取引导性资源、参与相对排名竞争,开拓发展资源。

党建引领体育社会组织发展的内在逻辑与现实路径

加强党组织建设是新时代推进体育社会组织自身发展和参与治理的根本所在,发挥党组织在体育社会组织建设中的战斗堡垒作用,将有助于将党的政治优势和组织优势切实注入体育社会治理全过程。在体育社会组织中,将党的领导这一显著优势和党的建设这一关键环节融入体育社会组织的革新、组织、运行、发展,可切实解决当前体育社会组织面临的发展自主性不足、服务硬实力不强、社会认可度不高等瓶颈问题。在党建引领下,凸显党组织的政治逻辑、组织逻辑、民本逻辑,推进体育社会组织思想作风优化、提升社会动员能力、强化社会责任担当,注入人民性、规范性、协同性,推进群众化、制度化、多元化发展,将有力推动体育社会组织治理效能的进一步提升,为全民健身和体育治理作出积极贡献。

任务型党组织:地方跨界治理的整合机制——以H省N市全域党建的地方实践为例

作为治理跨界事务的创新载体,任务型党组织旨在通过党的跨域建设来强化权威整合,前提是跨域吸纳,目标是有效行动。既不同于西方“政治—行政”二分和韦伯的科层制理论,也不同于议事协调小组、领导小组等“高位推动”的运作机制,任务型党组织既强调党组织的全域覆盖,又强调党建工作内容的全覆盖,形成组织嵌入机制、合作网络机制、融合党建机制和任务认领机制四种跨界事务治理的整合机制。地方实践对这一组织模式进行了丰富探索,旨在克服体制性壁垒,打破“碎片化”效应;克服物理性壁垒,打破“边际化”效应。结合地方实践,提出“组织吸纳—权威整合—主体行动”的分析框架:通过吸纳性制度构建实现跨界吸纳,提升组织的吸纳力;通过跨域党建实现跨界整合,提升权威的整合力;通过激励赋能实现跨界协同,提升主体的行动力。

中国共产党社会组织党建政策变迁的历程及经验

在社会组织中成立党组织、开展党的建设,是中国共产党的一项重要而独特的领导制度,也是中国共产党一以贯之的政策要求。根据社会组织党建的组织框架和主要载体的差异,可以将社会组织党建政策的百年变迁历程划分为三个时期,即党团(组)为主基层党组织为辅时期、基层党组织为主党团(组)为辅时期、基层党组织和党团(组)并重时期。社会组织党建政策的百年演变历程蕴含着宝贵的历史经验,主要包括围绕党的历史任务推进社会组织党建、赋予社会组织党建时代性、保持社会组织中党组织设置形式的灵活性、妥善处理党的领导与社会组织自治、促使社会组织中党组织“运转起来”。

新时代中央国家机关党的建设研究

机关党的建设是机关建设的根本保证。中央国家机关党组织与中央国家机关两者组织功能不同,但有着共同愿景即实现中华民族伟大复兴。这是中央国家机关党的建设与机关业务工作不能“两张皮”的底层逻辑,也决定了机关党建服务于中华民族伟大复兴的价值取向与工作着力点。中央国家机关党组(党组性质党委)①要通过加强理论学习中心组学习、坚持和完善党的民主集中制等,不断加强自身建设,提高履职行动力,实现对中央国家机关的全面领导;机关基层党组织要着力抓好基层党组织建设、党务工作者队伍和党员队伍建设,以及基层党建活动载体建设,推进机关基层党组织全面提升、全面过硬。在全部机关党建工作中,要把推进机关基层党建与机关业务工作深度融合贯穿始终,增强机关基层党建持续高质量推进的动力;积极探索落实党组(党委)机关党建主体责任的长效机制,推进机关党建常态化。

铁路三维电子沙盘搭建及其应用研究

为解决目前铁路行业电子沙盘存在的表达方式不一、应用内容单一、数据泄露风险大、数据加载效率低等问题,研究海量地理地质及BIM模型的数据处理、管理和应用方法,建立以BIM+GIS为技术核心的标准化电子沙盘,从而更好地服务于铁路设计和建造。根据鲁南高铁、拉林铁路、成渝中线高铁等项目实践总结,在中国铁路BIM联盟和国铁集团相关标准基础上提出了面向电子沙盘应用的地形、影像、BIM模型、专题图的数据制作标准,从坐标转换、数据转换、数据切片、知识图谱建立、模型发布、前端数据汇集的方法完成了电子沙盘的搭建。最后,在电子沙盘中实现了百公里级、多专业数据的在线高效组织和管理,提出的方法和标准适用于铁路设计、建设过程的管理和分析应用。

新时代基层党组织弱化:表现、成因与应对之策

加强基层党组织建设是中国共产党在新时代新征程中发挥战斗堡垒作用的基础工程和长期工程。但当前存在部分基层党组织弱化问题,其主要表现在:基层党组织“一把手”角色定位模糊;基层党组织软弱涣散;基层党组织纪律松弛;党群关系局部不和谐等。究其原因在于:经济结构转型升级催生利益个体化;少数领导干部虚讲、空讲政治;各种非马克思主义思潮动摇意识形态稳定性;基层党组织工作方式偏离群众路线。为此,新时代加强基层党组织建设要坚持党的全面领导,加强基层组织之间的横向联系;要打扫政治灰尘,优化基层党内政治生态;要创新体制机制,构建基层治理新格局;要站稳人民立场,开拓群众工作新路径。

资源配置与价值融合:社会组织党建模式的图景解构——基于上海市四家社会组织的案例比较分析

加强社会组织党建,不仅是新时代巩固党的社会权威、推动社会组织健康有序发展的关键途径,也是实现党的全面领导的重要环节。尽管学术界已在多个层面开展了社会组织党建的研究,但缺乏从微观层面对社会组织党建模式及行动策略的深入探讨。为此,本研究借助政治整合理论,构建了一个基于资源配置和价值融合两维度的社会组织党建模式分析框架,并据此分为双向整合型、利益聚合型、认同缔结型、互动失调型四种党建模式。通过上海市四家社会组织的案例比较分析表明,双向整合型最为契合新时代高质量社会组织党建内涵。文章丰富了社会组织党建理论研究,能够为社会组织高质量党建工作实践提供有益的启示。

公安机关战时党建工作创新研究

探索公安机关战时党建工作,对于强化公安机关战时战斗力、向心力,确保战时使命任务的完成具有重要意义。近年来,各地公安机关对战时党建模式的构筑进行了多方面的探索,取得了大量成果,但在战时认知、职责权限、工作实效、战时保障、品牌宣传等方面仍存在不足之处。为破除上述困境,弥补短板,在新形势下对公安机关战时党建工作开展细化研究,并从认知重塑、权责明晰、保障齐备、组织优化、党建宣传五个角度给予现实回应。