Antiviral activity of Basidiomycete mycelia against influenza type A(serotype H1N1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 in cell culture

In this study, we investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of the mycelia of higher mushrooms against influenza virus type A(serotype H1N1) and herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2), strain BH. All 10 investigated mushroom species inhibited the reproduction of influenza virus strain A/FM/1/47(H1N1) in MDCK cells reducing the infectious titer by 2.0–6.0 lg ID50. Four species, Pleurotus ostreatus, Fomes fomentarius, Auriporia aurea, and Trametes versicolor, were also determined to be effective against HSV-2 strain BH in RK-13 cells, with similar levels of inhibition as for influenza. For some of the investigated mushroom species—Pleurotus eryngii, Lyophyllum shimeji, and Flammulina velutipes—this is the first report of an anti-influenza effect. This study also reports the first data on the medicinal properties of A. aurea, including anti-influenza and antiherpetic activities. T. versicolor 353 mycelium was found to have a high therapeutic index(324.67), and may be a promising material for the pharmaceutical industry as an anti-influenza and antiherpetic agent with low toxicity. Mycelia with antiviral activity were obtained in our investigation by bioconversion of agricultural wastes(amaranth flour after CO2 extraction), which would reduce the cost of the final product and solve some ecological problems.

A New Ceramide from the Basidiomycetes Armillaria mellea

A new phytosphingosine-type ceramide, armillaramide 1, has been isolated from the fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Quel. Its structure was established as (2S, 3S. 4R)-2-N-(palmitoyl)-phytosphingosine by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

A New p-Terphenyl Derivative from Basidiomycetes Boletopsis grisea

A new p-terphenyl derivative 1 was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletopsis grisea. Its structure was established as 2. 3-diacetoxy-4 ', 4 ', 5, 6-tetrahydroxy-p-terphenyl by spectroscopic and chemical means.

Six novel steroids from culture of basidiomycete Polyporus ellisii

Investigation of the culture of basidiomycete Polyporus ellisii led to the isolation of a novel compound 3β,9α,15α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-10(5→4)-abeo-ergosta-6,8(14),22-trien-5-one(1)with a new 5/7/6/5 ring system of ergosterol skeleton.In addition,five new steroids,5β,6β-epoxy-3β,7α,9α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-one(2),5β,6β-epoxy-3β,7α-dihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-one(3),5α,6α-epoxy-3β,9α,15α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-7-one(4),15α-acetoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one(5),15β-methoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one(6),along with four known ergosterols(7-10),were obtained.All structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR spectral data.New compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines,only compound 4 was found to exhibit a favorable cytotoxicity profile toward all tested tumor cell lines.

Lepida Acid A from Basidiomycetes Russula lepida

A new compound, lepida acid A 1, has been isolated from the fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes Russula lepida. Its structure was elucidated by spectral methods.

Hirsutane Sesquiterpenes from Cultures of the Basidiomycete Marasmiellus sp.BCC 22389

Two new hirsutane sesquiterpenes,marasmiellins A(1)and B(2),were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Marasmiellus sp.BCC 22389.The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data.The absolute configuration of marasmiellin B was determined by application of the modified Mosher’s method.

Rufoolivacin B,a novel polyketide pigment from the fruiting bodies of the fungus Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus(basidiomycetes)

A novel polyketide pigment （1） with the 4＇,10-coupled linkage between 1-naphthalenol and 1,4-anthraquinone, named rufoolivacin B together with the known analog rufoolivacin （2）, has been isolated from the fruiting bodies of the Chinese toadstool Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus （basidiomycetes）. Their structures were characterized by means of analysis of spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR experiments and HR-ESI-MS.

Assessment of Factors Influencing Trace Element Content of the Basidiomycetes in the European Part of Russia

The article presents concentrations of 29 trace elements in different groups of basidiomycetes: saprotrophic, parasitic and symbiotic. The potential of using the concentration factor (Kc) is shown for the assessment of trace element accumulation by the fungi. The variations of trace element concentrations in different ecological and geochemical environment are presented. The data obtained in this research made it possible to mark out the group of trace elements that are mainly accumulated by fungi. This information helped to assess the correlation between the trace element concentrations in the mycothalluses of fungi and their mobile forms in the soil. The expected patterns of the trace element accumulation in fungi are described.

The Ability of Edible Mushrooms to Act as Biocatalysts: Preparation of Chiral Alcohols Using Basidiomycete Strains

To examine the potential ability of edible mushrooms to act as biocatalysts, 19 basidiomycete strains were screened. Modified media (PG, O, and PGO medium) for liquid cultivation of these basidiomycete strains were designed and tested. Wet cells (>10 g) of 4 basidiomycete strains (Pleurotus salmoneostramineus H7, P. salmoneostramineus H13, Ganoderma lucidum NBRC31863, Flammulina velutipes NBRC31862) were harvested from PGO medium for 7 days. The stereoselective reduction of α-keto esters using the 4 strains was tested. It was found that each of these strains had a reducing activity toward 6 aliphatic α-keto esters. In the presence of L-alanine as an additive, the reduction of ethyl 2-oxobutanoate and ethyl 2-oxopentanoete by P. salmoneostramineus H7 produced the corresponding alcohol with a high conversion ratio and with excellent enantiomeric excess (>99% e.e. (R)). Furthermore, ethyl pyruvate, ethyl 2-oxobutanoate, and ethyl 2-oxopentanoate were predominantly reduced to the corresponding (R)-hydroxy ester (>99% e.e.) by G. lucidum. Thus, we found that these edible mushrooms have great potential to be used as biocatalysts for the stereoselective reduction of carbonyl compounds.

Diversity and Taxonomy of Basidiomycetous Fungi at the Northeastern Side of Quezon Protected Landscape,Southern Luzon,Philippines

The present study was conducted primarily,to determine the diversity of basidiomycetous fungi and their taxonomy,in the northeastern side of Quezon Protected Landscape,bordering the municipalities of Pagbilao,Padre Burgos and Atimonan in Quezon province,Southern Philippines.Ten quadrats measuring 10 m×15 m with an interval of 50 m were established from a transect line set up from the baseline to the peak of the landscape.Species of basidiomycetous fungi were pre-identified in the field.Substratum,form,texture,size,color and other noteworthy characteristics were recorded during the time of collection.Confirmation of identities was done using published textbooks,literature and consultation with mycology expert.A total of 863 individuals of basidiomycetous fungi were collected and identified belonging to 19 different families,31 genera and 53 species.Polyporaceae family has the highest number of species representing 30%of the total number of individuals documented.Most of the species belong to Hexagonia and Polyporus genera.The current research revealed that most of the substrates used by these fungal organisms are woody substrate,specifically rotten woods.The results of Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed that the area has a high basidiomycetous fungal diversity.There was also a high species richness of these fungal organisms,but there was a low dominance and the species were not evenly distributed in the area.As this area is open for hikers,it is recommended that a continuous monitoring of the macrofungi community be done for sustainability and conservation.

山西红灵芝复合种物种多样性和系统发育分析

为了解和阐明山西省红灵芝资源的物种多样性以及分布状态,采用ITS片段的系统发育分析方法,构建系统发育树,对收集的山西省各地的8份红灵芝进行物种鉴定和亲缘关系分析。结果表明,在山西省红灵芝有3个不同物种,即四川灵芝(Ganoderma sichuanens)、松杉灵芝(Ganoderma tsugae)和山西灵芝(Ganoderma shanx⁃iense)。其中,松杉灵芝分布于山西省中北部温带或高山寒温带区域,生长在华北落叶松树干或木桩上;山西灵芝分布于山西省南部区域,气候类型属于暖温带亚热带类型,生长在埋于土壤中的栎树朽木上;四川灵芝在山西省的样本全部为人工种植,没有发现野生分布。系统发育分析结果显示,山西灵芝在灵芝属(Ganoderma)内演化为一个独立的系统发育谱系,全世界仅见于山西省南部,为山西省特有物种。该研究在山西省没有发现此前文献中记载的灵芝(亮盖灵芝Ganoderma lucidum)。

Seven New Sesquiterpenes from Cultures of the Basidiomycete Conocybe siliginea

Seven new tremulane-type sesquiterpenes （1 7） have been isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Cono- cybe siliginea. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data （HSQC, HMBC, 1H-tH COSY, ROESY） and MS analysis.

内蒙古漏斗伞属分类研究

运用形态分类和分子系统发育分析的方法,确认采自内蒙古自治区的漏斗伞属5个种,其中双孢漏斗伞、红银盘漏斗伞和细鳞漏斗伞为内蒙古新记录种。本文描述这5个物种,并分析了每个种与其近缘种之间的形态差异。

担子菌组成型漆酶产生特性的研究

运用平板筛选法从 2 0株不同来源的菌株中得到一株产组成型漆酶的担子菌 (Basi diomycetesp .)。它在自制DC培养基上产酶能力达到 0 58IU/mL ;振荡培养的产酶效果约是静置培养的 4倍。漆酶的产生与生物量在培养 8d内呈现平行关系 ,但随后酶量并不随之而继续上升。 4g/L的酪氨酸和胰蛋白胨有利于酶的产生 ,分别可使酶活力最高增加到2 49IU/mL和 2 0IU/mL。某些化学试剂对酶的产量尚未达到诱导效果 ,但丁香醛连氮和邻联甲苯胺对酶产量有一定的促进作用。 40℃下刺激 1h后 ,可使酶活力提高 1 3倍。

黄白红菇的化学成分

从野生真菌黄白红菇Russulaochroleuca (Pers .)Fr .子实体中首次分得 11个化合物 ,经光谱法和化学法分别鉴定为 2个脑苷脂 :1-O - β -D -吡喃葡萄糖基 - (2S ,3R ,4E ,8E ,2′R) - 2 -N - (2′ -羟基棕榈酰 ) - 9-甲基 - 4 ,8-sphingadienine (cerebrosideB ,1)和 1-O- β -D -吡喃葡萄糖基 - (2S ,3R ,4E ,8E ,2′R) - 2 -N - (2′ -羟基十八烷酰 ) - 9-甲基 - 4 ,8-sphingadienine (cerebrosideD ,2 ) ;3个麦角甾醇 :5α ,8α -epidioxy - (2 2E ,2 4R) -ergosta - 6 ,2 2 -dien - 3β -ol 3、 (2 2E ,2 4R) -ergosta - 7,2 2 -dien - 3β -ol 4、 (2 4S) -ergos ta - 7-en - 3β -ol 5 ;2个含氮杂环化合物 :尿嘧啶 (uracil 6 ) ,腺嘌呤 (adenine 7) ,1个含硫化合物 :硫代乙酸酐 (thioaceticanhydride 8) ,以及乙基 - β -D -吡喃匍萄糖苷 (ethyl- β -D -glucopyranoside 9) ,D -阿洛醇 (D -allitol 10 ) ,硬脂酸 (stearicacid 11)。化合物 1和 2为首次从红菇科真菌获得 ,8作为天然产物系首次报道。

担子菌黄卷缘齿菌的化学成分(英文)

目的研究担子菌黄卷缘齿菌Hydnum rep andum的化学成分。方法通过硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、反相硅胶柱色谱分离化合物,运用氢谱、碳谱、二维核磁共振(1H1-HCO SY,HM QC,HM BC,NOESY)、质谱、高分辨质谱、旋光鉴定结果。结果共分离鉴定了11个化合物,分别是:sarcodon in A(Ⅰ)、scabron ine B(Ⅱ)、3β-羟基-5,α8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(Ⅲ)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3,β5,α6β-三醇(Ⅳ)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(Ⅴ)、苯甲酸(Ⅵ)、对羟基苯甲醛(Ⅶ)、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(Ⅷ)、乙基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅸ)、硫代乙酸酐(Ⅹ)、(2S,2′R,3S,4R)-2-(2-羟基-十八碳酰胺)二十二碳烷-1,3,4-三醇(Ⅺ)。结论所有化合物都是首次在黄卷缘齿菌中分到。

侧耳及相关菌对线虫的作用

侧耳属真菌是一类通过专性产毒作用于线虫的食线虫真菌。本文测定了侧耳属等 1 7个属 2 7个种及一些未鉴定菌株对腐生线虫的毒性 ,并比较了它们在 PDA、CMA、WA三种培养基上对线虫毒性的差异。结果表明 ,大部分菌株对线虫有毒性 ,且在营养丰富的培养基上毒性较高 ;其中 ,K1 4 等菌株对线虫的毒性极强 ,在 1 2小时内对线虫的致死率达 90 %以上 ,是一类有前景的线虫生防菌。所筛选的菌株中 ,侧耳属的长柄侧耳、裂皮侧耳、阿魏侧耳和 Pleurotusmemberancens4个种及日本亮耳菌等

紫丁香蘑的化学成分

目的 研究紫丁香磨的化学成分。方法 采用溶剂提取 ,硅胶柱层析分离 ,光谱和化学方法鉴定结构。结果4个化合物分别鉴定为 (2 S,3S,4 R,2′R) - 2 (2′-羟基二十四碳酰氨基 )十八碳 - 1,3,4 -三醇〔2 S,3S,4 R,2′R- 2 - (2′- hy-droxytetracosnoylamino) - octadecane- 1,3,4 - triol, 〕,5 α,8α-表二氧 - (2 2 E,2 4 R) -麦角甾 - 6 ,2 2 -二烯 - 3β-醇 (ergosterol peroxide, )、(2 2 E,2 4 R) -麦角甾 - 5 ,7,2 2 -三烯 - 3β-醇 (ergosterol, ) ,硬脂酸 (stearic acid, )。结论 化合物 ～ 为首次从本属真菌中获得。体外验表明 ,化合物 显示弱的抗 HIV- 1活性。

灰黑拟牛肝菌的化学成分

从担子菌灰黑拟牛肝菌 (Boletopsisgrisea)新鲜子实体的乙醇提取物中首次分离得到10个化合物 ,包括 8个酚性成分 ,1个含硫成分和 1个脑苷脂 ,它们的结构经各种波谱数据分别鉴定为 3 (4 乙酰氧基苯 ) 1,2 ,4 ,7,8 五乙酰氧基二苯并呋喃 (1) ,3 (4 乙酰氧基苯 ) 1,2 ,4 三乙酰氧基 7,8 二羟基二苯并呋喃 (2 ) ,3 (4 羟基苯 ) 1,2 二乙酰氧基 4 ,7,8 三羟基二苯并呋喃 (3) ,2 ,3 二乙酰氧基 4′ ,4″ ,5 ,6 四羟基对联三苯 (4) ,对苯二酚 (5 ) ,对羟基苯甲酸 (6 ) ,茴香酸 (7) ,对羟基苯甲醛 (8) ,硫代乙酐 (9)和 1 O 吡喃葡萄糖基 - (2S ,3R ,4E ,8E ,2′R ) - 2 -N - (2′ -羟基棕榈酰 ) - 9-甲基 - 4 ,8-sphin gadienine (10 )。其中化合物 1,2 ,3有报道对 5 -脂氧化酶具有选择性抑制活性。 4 ,9。

担子菌黄硬皮马勃杀虫活性研究

研究了担子菌黄硬皮马勃 SclerodermacitrinumPer. 子实体提取物对3龄粘虫的杀虫活性.黄硬皮马勃甲醇-氯仿总浸膏及其石油醚萃取物在浓度为25mg·mL-1时,对3龄粘虫的48h拒食率分别为96.8%和81.3%,而其氯仿及正丁醇萃取物的拒食活性相对较弱;石油醚浸膏具有较强的毒杀作用,在浓度10mg·mL-1时,3龄粘虫的48h校正死亡率均大于80%;石油醚萃取物的触杀活性相对较弱,25mg·mL-1剂量对3龄粘虫7d内的校正死亡率小于60.0%.