Psychotic due to bath salts and methamphetamines:emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia

The use of ＂bath salts＂ or other new psychoactive substances,otherwise known as ＂legal highs＂,is increasing.Illicit drug use during pregnancy is not uncommon.Nevertheless,literature reporting bath salts and their effect on pregnancy is scant.Besides,there seems to be no literature about bath salts and conduct of general anesthesia.This case report describes a general anesthetic for the surgical delivery of an infant to a woman under the acute influence of bath salts and methamphetamines.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Kinetics of Salt Bath Vanadizing

Adding rare earth into permeating agent has an obvious catalytic effect on vanadizing on steel surface, and the vanadizing rate can increase about 30%～40%. The case depth ( x ) of the samples which have undergone different periods of vanadizing time at 950 ℃ was measured. These depth values ( x ) and its corresponded time ( t ) were substituded into the experimental formula, i.e., x n=Kt (ln x=(1/n) ln K+(1/n) ln t ), and were processed by mono linear regression. It is found that x and t have the relationship of x 2=Kt . Addition of rare earth can promote reaction of the permeating agent, and increase vanadium potential of the agent. Rare earth, as a strong reductant, makes the oxide on the steel surface reduced, and thus activates the steel surface. Permeating of rare earth into steel and the VC layer intensifies the crystal fault density, and, together with its excellent chemical activation, makes carbon atoms diffuse easily. These functions of rare earth can decrease the diffusion activation energy of the carbon atoms, and therefore has catalytic effect on permeation.

Abuse-related effects of synthetic cathinones：importance of DAT/SERT relationships

OBJECTIVE Wide spread abuse of synthetic cathinones found in bath salts preparations has resulted in regulation of some cathinones internationally.Chemists skirt these laws by altering the chemical structures of first-generation cathinones(ie,MDPV,methylone,and mephedrone),resulting in second-generation cathinones(eg,α-PVP,α-PPP,MDPPP,and MDPBP).Although MDPV is a more effective reinforcer than cocaine,little is known about the reinforcing effectiveness of secondgeneration cathinones.To test the hypothesis that synthetic cathinones with higher selectivity for DAT relative to SERT are more effective reinforcers.METHODS Monoamine transporter inhibition was determined using synaptosomes prepared from rat brains.The relative reinforcing effectiveness of intravenously self-administered MDPV,MDPBP,MDPPP,α-PVP,α-PPP,and cocaine were directly compared through evaluations of (1)dose-response curves under a progressive ratio(PR)schedule of reinforcement and (2)demand curves obtained for each drug in male Sprague-Dawley rats.RESULTS Rank order selectivity for DAT/SERT wasα-PVP>MDPV>α-PPP≈MDPBP>MDPPP>cocaine.Comparisons of the maximum number of infusions obtained under a PR schedule of reinforcement(α-PVP>MDPV>α-PPP>MDPBP≈MDPPP>cocaine)and the essential value obtained for each drug in demand analyses(α-PVP>MDPV>α-PPP≈MDPBP≈MDPPP>cocaine)suggest relative reinforcing effectiveness is related to DAT/SERT selectivity.CONCLUSION These data provide evidence that DAT/SERT selectivity accounts for select synthetic cathinones functioning as more effective reinforcers than cocaine and may predict the abuse-related effects of novel synthetic cathinones in humans.

Composition Variation of Borax Salt during the Process of Vanadizing by Thermal Diffusion

Vanadium pentoxide, borax, boron carbide and sodium fluoride were used to grow vanadium carbide coating on surface of Crl2 steel at 950℃ by TD process. The coating of vanadium carbide （VC） extended the serve-life period of Crl2 steel as punching die. Kinetics of vanadium carbide coating growth was brought forward and verified by comparison of the mathematical model with the experimental results. The thickness of coating was illustrated by SEM. The chemical constituent of coating and remnants were tested by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. To increase the thickness, rare earth silicon powder （FeSiRe23） was added to the borax salt bath. The analysis of XRD revealed that FeSiRe23 increased the depth of vanadium car-bide coating as reducing agent and catalysis.