Virus-specific T cells play an important role in the resolution of hepatic infection. However, during chronic hepatitis infection these cells lack their effector functions and fail to control the virus. Hepatitis B vi...Virus-specific T cells play an important role in the resolution of hepatic infection. However, during chronic hepatitis infection these cells lack their effector functions and fail to control the virus. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus have developed several mechanisms to generate immune tolerance. One of these strategies is the depletion of virus-specific T cells by apoptosis. The immunotolerogenic liver has unique property to retain and activate na ve T cell to avoid the over reactivation of immune response against antigens which is exploited by hepatotropic viruses to persist. The deletion of the virus-specific T cells occurs by intrinsic (passive) apoptotic mechanism. The pro-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 interacting mediator (Bim) has attracted increasing attention as a pivotal involvement in apoptosis, as a regulator of tissue homeostasis and an enhancer for the viral persistence. Here, we reviewed our current knowledge on the evidence showing critical role of Bim in viral-specific T cell death by apoptotic pathways and helps in the immune tolerance.展开更多
目的:构建抗HER2重组融合蛋白基因ScFv/tBid,并探讨其对骨肉瘤E10细胞的促调亡作用。方法:通过间接免疫荧光染色、流式细胞仪(FCM)检测E10细胞膜表面HER2的表达。将抗HER2单链抗体基因e23sFv与铜绿假单胞菌外毒素PE的转膜结构域基因(PE...目的:构建抗HER2重组融合蛋白基因ScFv/tBid,并探讨其对骨肉瘤E10细胞的促调亡作用。方法:通过间接免疫荧光染色、流式细胞仪(FCM)检测E10细胞膜表面HER2的表达。将抗HER2单链抗体基因e23sFv与铜绿假单胞菌外毒素PE的转膜结构域基因(PEⅡ)和tBid基因连接,构建抗HER2重组融合蛋白基因ScFv/tBid,将其克隆入真核表达载体pCMV中构建重组pCMV-ScFv/tBid载体,转染骨肉瘤E10细胞。间接免疫荧光法检测目的蛋白表达和细胞形态学变化,Annexin V染色流式细胞术及TUNEL法检测E10细胞的凋亡情况。结果:流式细胞仪检测到E10细胞膜表面有HER2的表达。成功构建重组融合蛋白基因质粒pCMV-ScFv/tBid。重组质粒转染E10细胞后,间接免疫荧光双标记染色检测到E10细胞中tBid的过表达;细胞色素C在细胞质中出现;细胞出现明显的固缩、核浓缩等形态特征。Annexin V染色后流式细胞仪检测可见实验组细胞凋亡率较对照组明显升高(16.1% vs 4.5%);TUNEL染色显示,E10细胞出现典型的凋亡特征。结论:重组抗HER2融合蛋白基因ScFv/tBid可以在转染的骨肉瘤E10细胞中表达,并诱导骨肉瘤细胞发生凋亡。展开更多
Although cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 is important for neurological function, its neuroprotective properties remain unclear. We speculated that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 can protect human retinal pigment epitheli...Although cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 is important for neurological function, its neuroprotective properties remain unclear. We speculated that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 can protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells against oxidative injury. In this study, retinal pigment epithelial cells were treated with peroxynitrite to induce oxidative stress. Peroxynitrite triggered apoptosis in these cells, and increased the expression of Fas-associated death domain, Bax, caspase-8 and Bcl-2. These changes were suppressed by treatment with cholecystokinin octapeptide-8. These results suggest that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 can protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells against apoptosis induced by peroxynitrite.展开更多
Objective:To study the correlation of serum PDCD5 and Bax contents with the pathological features of tumor lesions in patients with lung cancer.Methods:Patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical treatment in Wes...Objective:To study the correlation of serum PDCD5 and Bax contents with the pathological features of tumor lesions in patients with lung cancer.Methods:Patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical treatment in West China Hospital between June 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the lung cancer group for the study, the serum specimens were collected before surgery, and the lung cancer lesion and adjacent lesion were taken after surgery;the healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in West China Hospital during the same period were selected as the control group, and the serum samples were taken during the physical examination;the contents of PDCD5 and Bax in serum as well as the contents of PDCD5 and Bax, and the expression of proliferation genes and invasion genes in the lung cancer lesion and adjacent lesion were measured.Results: PDCD5 and Bax contents in serum of lung cancer group were significantly lower than those of control group, PDCD5 and Bax contents in lung cancer lesion were significantly lower than those in adjacent lesion, and the PDCD5 and Bax contents in serum of patients with lung cancer were positively correlated with the PDCD5 and Bax contents in lung cancer lesion;C-myc, RACK1, CatL, MMP2 and N-cadherin mRNA expression in lung cancer lesion were significantly higher than those in adjacent lesion and negatively correlated with PDCD5 and Bax contents in serum whereas LAST1, PAQR3, TCF21, E-cadherin, TIMP1 and TIMP2 mRNA expression were significantly lower than those in adjacent lesion and positively correlated with PDCD5 and Bax contents in serum. Conclusion:The decrease of PDCD5 and Bax in serum of patients with lung cancer is closely related to the aggravation of cancer cell proliferation and invasion in tumor lesions.展开更多
Resistance to anticancer agents and apoptosis results in cancer relapse and is associated with cancer mortality.Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer ste...Resistance to anticancer agents and apoptosis results in cancer relapse and is associated with cancer mortality.Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stemcells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, andexpress enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell populationand lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. Similarly, theirclose relationship with the tumor microenvironment creates greater complexity in developing novel treatmentstrategies targeting CSCs. Several mechanisms participate in the drug and apoptosis resistance phenotype in CSCsin various cancers. These include enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters, activationof various cytoprotective and survival signaling pathways, dysregulation of stemness signaling pathways, aberrantDNA repair mechanisms, increased quiescence, autophagy, increased immune evasion, deficiency ofmitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins including c-FLIP [cellular FLICE (FADDlikeIL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein], Bcl-2 family members, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, andPI3K/AKT signaling. Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that areunresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs.Several studies have identified promising strategies to target CSCs. These emerging strategies may help targetCSC-associated drug resistance and metastasis in clinical settings. This article will review the CSCs drug and apoptosis resistance mechanisms and how to target CSCs.展开更多
基金Supported by Grants from "Fiscam" JCCM, Ayuda para proyectos de investigación en salud, PI-2010/022"Fundación de Investigación Médica Mutua Madrilea", Beca Ayudas a la Investigación FMMM, 8922/2011A research grant from "Asociación de Hepatología Translacional", No. AHT 2010-01, to Lokhande MU
文摘Virus-specific T cells play an important role in the resolution of hepatic infection. However, during chronic hepatitis infection these cells lack their effector functions and fail to control the virus. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus have developed several mechanisms to generate immune tolerance. One of these strategies is the depletion of virus-specific T cells by apoptosis. The immunotolerogenic liver has unique property to retain and activate na ve T cell to avoid the over reactivation of immune response against antigens which is exploited by hepatotropic viruses to persist. The deletion of the virus-specific T cells occurs by intrinsic (passive) apoptotic mechanism. The pro-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 interacting mediator (Bim) has attracted increasing attention as a pivotal involvement in apoptosis, as a regulator of tissue homeostasis and an enhancer for the viral persistence. Here, we reviewed our current knowledge on the evidence showing critical role of Bim in viral-specific T cell death by apoptotic pathways and helps in the immune tolerance.
文摘目的:构建抗HER2重组融合蛋白基因ScFv/tBid,并探讨其对骨肉瘤E10细胞的促调亡作用。方法:通过间接免疫荧光染色、流式细胞仪(FCM)检测E10细胞膜表面HER2的表达。将抗HER2单链抗体基因e23sFv与铜绿假单胞菌外毒素PE的转膜结构域基因(PEⅡ)和tBid基因连接,构建抗HER2重组融合蛋白基因ScFv/tBid,将其克隆入真核表达载体pCMV中构建重组pCMV-ScFv/tBid载体,转染骨肉瘤E10细胞。间接免疫荧光法检测目的蛋白表达和细胞形态学变化,Annexin V染色流式细胞术及TUNEL法检测E10细胞的凋亡情况。结果:流式细胞仪检测到E10细胞膜表面有HER2的表达。成功构建重组融合蛋白基因质粒pCMV-ScFv/tBid。重组质粒转染E10细胞后,间接免疫荧光双标记染色检测到E10细胞中tBid的过表达;细胞色素C在细胞质中出现;细胞出现明显的固缩、核浓缩等形态特征。Annexin V染色后流式细胞仪检测可见实验组细胞凋亡率较对照组明显升高(16.1% vs 4.5%);TUNEL染色显示,E10细胞出现典型的凋亡特征。结论:重组抗HER2融合蛋白基因ScFv/tBid可以在转染的骨肉瘤E10细胞中表达,并诱导骨肉瘤细胞发生凋亡。
文摘Although cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 is important for neurological function, its neuroprotective properties remain unclear. We speculated that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 can protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells against oxidative injury. In this study, retinal pigment epithelial cells were treated with peroxynitrite to induce oxidative stress. Peroxynitrite triggered apoptosis in these cells, and increased the expression of Fas-associated death domain, Bax, caspase-8 and Bcl-2. These changes were suppressed by treatment with cholecystokinin octapeptide-8. These results suggest that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 can protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells against apoptosis induced by peroxynitrite.
文摘Objective:To study the correlation of serum PDCD5 and Bax contents with the pathological features of tumor lesions in patients with lung cancer.Methods:Patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical treatment in West China Hospital between June 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the lung cancer group for the study, the serum specimens were collected before surgery, and the lung cancer lesion and adjacent lesion were taken after surgery;the healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in West China Hospital during the same period were selected as the control group, and the serum samples were taken during the physical examination;the contents of PDCD5 and Bax in serum as well as the contents of PDCD5 and Bax, and the expression of proliferation genes and invasion genes in the lung cancer lesion and adjacent lesion were measured.Results: PDCD5 and Bax contents in serum of lung cancer group were significantly lower than those of control group, PDCD5 and Bax contents in lung cancer lesion were significantly lower than those in adjacent lesion, and the PDCD5 and Bax contents in serum of patients with lung cancer were positively correlated with the PDCD5 and Bax contents in lung cancer lesion;C-myc, RACK1, CatL, MMP2 and N-cadherin mRNA expression in lung cancer lesion were significantly higher than those in adjacent lesion and negatively correlated with PDCD5 and Bax contents in serum whereas LAST1, PAQR3, TCF21, E-cadherin, TIMP1 and TIMP2 mRNA expression were significantly lower than those in adjacent lesion and positively correlated with PDCD5 and Bax contents in serum. Conclusion:The decrease of PDCD5 and Bax in serum of patients with lung cancer is closely related to the aggravation of cancer cell proliferation and invasion in tumor lesions.
文摘Resistance to anticancer agents and apoptosis results in cancer relapse and is associated with cancer mortality.Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stemcells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, andexpress enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell populationand lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. Similarly, theirclose relationship with the tumor microenvironment creates greater complexity in developing novel treatmentstrategies targeting CSCs. Several mechanisms participate in the drug and apoptosis resistance phenotype in CSCsin various cancers. These include enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters, activationof various cytoprotective and survival signaling pathways, dysregulation of stemness signaling pathways, aberrantDNA repair mechanisms, increased quiescence, autophagy, increased immune evasion, deficiency ofmitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins including c-FLIP [cellular FLICE (FADDlikeIL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein], Bcl-2 family members, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, andPI3K/AKT signaling. Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that areunresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs.Several studies have identified promising strategies to target CSCs. These emerging strategies may help targetCSC-associated drug resistance and metastasis in clinical settings. This article will review the CSCs drug and apoptosis resistance mechanisms and how to target CSCs.
