Protective effects of L-arginine against ischemia-reperfusion injury in non-heart beating rat liver graft

BACKGROUND: Although the use of non-heart beating donors (NHBDs) could bridge the widening gap between organ demand and supply, its application to liver transplantation is limited due to the high incidence of primary graft loss. Prevention of liver injury in NHBDs will benefit the results of transplantation. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of L-arginine on liver grafts from NHBDs. METHODS: One hundred and four Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: normal control (n=8) controls 1, 2 and 3 (C-1, C-2, C-3, n=16), and experimental 1, 2 and 3 (E-1, E-2, E-3, n=16). For groups C-1 and E-1, C-2 and E-2, and C-3 and E-3, the warm ischemia time was 0, 30, and 45 minutes, respectively. Liver grafts were flushed with and preserved in 4 degrees C Euro-collins solution containing 1 mmol/L L-arginine for 1 hour in each experimental group. Recipients of each experimental group were injected with L-arginine (10 mg/kg body weight) by tail vein 10 minutes before portal vein reperfusion. Donors and recipients of each experimental control group were treated with normal saline. Then transplantation was performed. At 1, 3, and 24 hours after portal vein reperfusion, blood samples were obtained to determine the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), nitric oxide (NO) and plasma endothelin (ET). At 3 hours after portal vein reperfusion, grafts samples were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for electron microscopic observation. RESULTS: At I hour after portal vein reperfusion, the levels of NO in groups E-1, E-2, E-3 and C-1, C-2, C-3 were lower, while the levels of plasma ET, serum ALT and AST were higher than those in the normal control group (P<0.05). At 1, 3, and 24 hours, the levels of NO in groups E-1, E-2, E-3 were higher, while the levels of plasma ET, serum ALT and AST were lower than those in the corresponding control groups (C-1, C-2, C-3) (P<0.05). The levels of NO in groups C-2 and C-3 were lower than in group C-1 (P<0.05), and the level of NO in group C-3 was lower than in group C-2 (P<0.05). At 1, 3 and 24 hours, the levels of plasma ET, serum ALT, and AST in groups E-1, E-2, E-3 were lower than those in the corresponding control groups (C-1, C-2, C-3) (P<0.05). The levels of plasma ET, serum ALT, and AST were lower in group C-3 than in groups C-1 and C-2 (P<0.05). Pathological changes in groups E-1, E-2, E-3 were milder than those in the corresponding experimental control groups (C-1, C-2, C-3). CONCLUSIONS: The imbalance between NO and ET plays an important role in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury of liver grafts from NHBDs. L-arginine can attenuate injury in liver grafts from NHBDs by improving the balance between NO and ET.

Work Hardening Behavior of 1020 Steel During Cold-Beating Simulation

The present research of cold-beating formation mainly focused on roller design and manufacture, kinematics, constitutive relation, metal flow law, thermo-mechanical coupling, surface micro-topography and microstructure evolution. However, the research on surface quality and performance of workpieces in the process of cold-beating is rare. Cold-beating simulation experiment of 1020 steel is conducted at room temperature and strain rates ranging from 2000 to 4000 s^-1 base on the law of plastic forming. According to the experimental data, the model of strain hardening of 1020 steel is established, Scanning Electron Microscopy（SEM） is conducted, the mechanism of the work hardening of 1020 steel is clarified by analyzing microstructure variation of 1020 steel. It is found that the strain rate hardening effect of 1020 steel is stronger than the softening effect induced by increasing temperatures, the process of simulation cold-beating cause the grain shape of 1020 steel significant change and microstructure elongate significantly to form a fibrous tis- sue parallel to the direction of deformation, the higher strain rate, the more obvious grain refinement and the more hardening effect. Additionally, the change law of the work hardening rate is investigated, the relationship between dislocation density and strain, the relationship between work hardening rate and dislocation density is obtained. Results show that the change trend of the work hardening rate of 1020 steel is divided into two stages, the work hardening rate decreases dramatically in the first stage and slowly decreases in the second stage, finally tending toward zero. Dislocation density increases with increasing strain and strain rate, work hardening rate decreases with increasing dislocation density. The research results provide the basis for solving the problem of improving the surface quality and performance of workpieces under cold-beating formation of 1020 steel.

A DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH OF THE SEASONAL NORTHWARD BEATING OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH

Diagnostic techniques of CEOF, power spectrum and bandpass filter wave are applied in this paper to analyze the seasonal northward beating of the northern subtropical high using day to day geopotential fields of 2.5 ×2.5 at 500 hPa May through July in 1988 and 1991. It is concluded that it is globally observed that the subtropical high has northward beats that propagate westward; the source of beating mainly lies in the region of Arabian Sea and central Pacific and the sink in eastern Pacific; the seasonal beating is dominated by effects of the disturbance field; low frequency oscillation plays a key role in the beating and the westward propagation so that the difference in the latter in individual years is caused by the varying source of disturbance and the low frequency waves it excites.

Controllable beating signal using stored light pulse

We experimentally study the controllable generation of a beating signal using stored light pulses based on electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) in a solid medium. The beating signal relies on an asymmetric procedure of light storage and retrieval. After storing the probe pulse into the spin coherence under the EIT condition, two-color control fields with opposite detunings instead of the initial control field are used to scatter the stored spin coherence. The controllable beating signal is generated due to alternative constructive and destructive interferences in the retrieved signal intensities. The beating of the two-color control fields is mapped into the beating of weak probe fields by using atomic spin coherence. This beating signal will be important in precise atomic spectroscopy and fast quantum limited measurements.

Relationship between Beating and Setting-on Place

In this paper,what causes the setting-on place of woven fabrics without adopting tension compensation is explained by means of experimental methods.Owing to that the main shaft speed and the beating speed of reed can not attain the normal values at setting-on,the warp tension and the beating force of the reed can neither reach the normal level.Therefore,the relative slippage movement of the weft against the warp during beating will be less,while the common movement of the weft together with the warp will be bigger than those at nor-mal running.As a result,the setting-on place is

Dynamic Formulations and Beating Phenomena of Rotating Euler-Bernoulli Flexible Shafts

In this paper, the intrinsic behavior of rotating Euler Benoulli flexible shafts was studied due to coupled bending and torsional vibrations. The equations of motion of the shaft with unbalanced eccentricity and viscous material damping were derived by the Hamilton principle. The numerical solution was obtained using the perturbation approach and mode assuming method. The influences of the coupled vibrations between the bending and torsion, the rotating speed, material damping and the slenderness ratio of the shaft were analyzed. It is clearly shown that the beating phenomena can occur when the interaction of torsion and flexure is considered.

An Experience on Normothermic Beating Heart Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy

Objective: To study the outcome of normothermic beating heart pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) performed in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of 15 patients who underwent PTE under normothermic beating heart cardio-pulmonary bypass from July 2009 to September 2018 was done. The patients were followed up with clinical assessment, transthoracic echocardiography and computerized tomographicangiography (CTA) for 1 month to 82 months. Results: Data were analysed for 15 consecutive patients. Mean age of the patients was 35.28 years and 10 patients were male. Pre-operatively 6 (40%) patients presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II dyspnoea on exertion symptomatology, 7 (47%) were in NHYA class III, and 2 (13%) were in NYHA class IV. The preoperative and postoperative mean pulmonary artery pressures (mPAP) (mmHg) were 36.50 ± 11.3 and 20.21 ± 7.19, the systolic PAPs (mmHg) were 73.35 ± 14.12 and 35.21 ± 7.89 and the diastolic PAPs (mmHg) were 19.28 ± 8.60 and 12.85 ± 7.26 respectively. 2 (13%) patients had Jamieson’s type I and 12 (87%) had Jamieson type II disease. One patient (7%) expired on 9th postoperative day. All the patients had improved pulmonary gas exchange and did not require oxygen supplementation from 5th postoperative day;symptoms improved to NYHA class I & II in 12 (80%) & 3 (20%) of patients respectively. There was no reperfusion pulmonary edema or any neurologic complications. Postoperative echocardiogram showed improved right ventricular function and Computerised Tomographic Angiogram showed completeness of the procedure. Conclusion: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy under normothermic beating heart cardiopulmonary bypass has good immediate postoperative results with significant progressive improvement in hemodynamics and quality of life during the course of follow-up. The results were not only comparable to those of the procedure done under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest by other centres but also without its associated adverse events. This technique requires more expertise but gives equivalent good results in immediate and short- to mid-term follow-up with less morbidity than the standard procedure, but it requires long-term follow-up to substantiate the evidence.

ZTE to Unveil World Beating Solution-Rich NGN and Mobile Services at PT/Expo Comm China 2004

ZTE Corporation appeared at Expo Comm China2004 with a range of world-leading solutions andapplications stretching across the entiretechnology spectrum-from mobile and NGNrequirements to videoconferencing and

MINIMALLY INVASIVE REVASCULARISATION ON THE BEATING HEART IN COMBINATION WTTH PTCA

With the experience of over 250 beating hear operations since Feb 1995 westarted minimally invasive revascularization of the LAD(MIDCAB).SinceFeb.1996 we operated upon 182 patients with this procedure Since June1996 we treated 40 patients with multivessel discase with a Hybridproccdurc(PTCA plus MIDCAB)The age of the patients ranged between 68 and 79 years.29 patients waremaic.28 patiens suffered from a double vessel discase.12 patients fromtriple vessel discase.The left ventricular ejeetion fraction was loss then 40%in 8 cases 2 patients underwent a reoperativc procedure.Further risk factorswere COLD(n=9).recent MI(n=6),renal insufliciency(n=13).Diabeiesinellitus(n-12).The left mammary was prepared in the usual manner.As access wechese a partial inferior sternotomy(n=4)or a lateral minithoracotomy(n=36).The anastomosis was performed on the beating heart.In all patients we conneeted the LIMA to the LAD.All patients survived andcould be discharged on the 6th postoperative day(mean).In two patients arevision due to bleeding became necessary.Two patients reccived a bloodtransfusions.Postoperatively 15 patients reccived a PTCA of the RCX.4 astentimplantation to the Rex.16 a PTCA of the RCA.5 a stentimplantationto the RCA and 3 patients a PTCA of a D1.3 patients developed a falscaneurysm after the cathcter intervention.By performing the nunimally invasive proeedure the trauma caused bycxtracorporeal circulation can be avoided.Through the combination withPTCA a less invasive therapy of coronary multivessel discase becomespossible in select patients.Postoperative complications and hospital stay canbe teduced.

Correlation Analysis of Attitudinal Responses of Men and Women Toward Wife Beating by Husband in Rural and Urban Ethiopia

The Central Statistical Agency （CSA） of Ethiopia included some questions in its 2005 Demographic and Health Survey （DHS） questionnaire, asking for the opinion of men and women if wives beaten by husbands is justified if wives commit some mistakes while they are undertaking their day to day family responsibilities and other personal functions. The sample size was about 14,000 women in the reproductive and productive ages of 15-49 and about 6,000 men in the age brackets of 15-59. The reasons for wife beating by husbands are examined against some selected independent background variables of the sampled men and women respondents, while the dependent variables are the responses to questions of wife beating. With respect to the analytical model, the author decided to focus on some descriptive statistics, such as frequency distributions tables, proportions, comparative analysis, and application of chi-squares （Xz） techniques to examine the variations in the responses of women and men amongst the independent backgrounds.

Renal Outcomes and Myocardial Performance after On-Pump Beating Heart versus Conventional On-Pump Surgery in Patients with Preoperative Low Glomerular Filtration Rate

Objective: Acute kidney disease develops 16% - 30% of patients with preoperative impaired renal functions. Our aim of this study was to compare postoperative renal outcomes using two open heart surgery techniques, on-pump beating heart (OPBH) and conventional on-pump (COP), in patients who have preoperative low glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as an indicator of creatinine clearance. Methods: From 2004 to 2015, 341 patients with preoperative creatinine clearance were lower than 90 ml/min/1.73m2 were selected for this study. On-Pump beating heart was performed in 111 patients (Group I). Conventional on-pump technique was used in 200 patients. In the remaining patients, we measured postoperative Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), Brain natriuretic peptid (NT-Pro- BNP), creati-nine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and postoperative eGFR daily until day four after surgery. Results: There were no differences in baseline levels of TNF-alpha, NT-Pro-BNP, BUN, cTn-I, Cr levels between the groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time were much longer and cumulative inotrope use was significantly higher in patients underwent COP (P Conclusion: Our study showed that on-pump beating heart CABG technique provides a morbidity benefit and is associated with a lower risk of peroperative LOS in patients with mild renal disfunction. Our study results suggest that OPBH is superior to the COP in terms of postoperative renal injury and cardiac mediators.

For retail Apps,beating the uninstall is the Holy Grail

More than any other time of the year,everyone is shopping and nobody wants to overpay because they missed out on a coupon or promo code.Customers have found the easiest way to save is by downloading a smartphone app.But after the transaction is completed...they hit the delete button.This dance doesn’t play out only during the holidays,though.Savvy consumers do this all year long-leaving brands and retailers to wonder how

Complete Coronary Revascularization with on Pump Beating Heart

Background Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is becoming increasingly popular world - wide. But it is not always feasible. Current cardioplegic techniques do not consistently avoid myocardial ischemic damage. So we use on pump beating heart technique to supplement off-pump CABG. Methods Based on 860 off-pump CABG cases between Aug 1998 to Aug 2000. From Aug 1999 to Aug 2000, 46 CABG cases were performed with on pump beating heart technique at Mani-pal Hospital Heart Foundation, Bangalore, India. All surgeries were performed through a median sternotomy. Exposure techniques were tailored to individual vessels and cardiac regions and local immobilization was performed with octopus. Vascular control was achieved with occluders and shunts. Total cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established before or during CABG and normolthemia was used. Results Among 46 on -pump beating heart CABG patients, 26 patients used CPB before or during OP - CABG because of unstable hemodynamics and electric instability , 7 had very deep intramyocardial left anterior descending arteries, 5 patients had poor LV function (LVEF < 30 % ), 8 patients had cardiomegaly. The average number of grafts was 3.5. No operative mortality. Three patients had postoperative myocardial infarction. Anesthetic time 4. 5±1. 2 hours, extubation time 10±2. 5 hours, blood lost 680±230 mL, blood requirement 540±150 mL, preoperative LVEF 50. 3±13 % , postoperative LVEF 64. 1±14 %, ICU stay 1. 5±0. 5 days, hospi- tal stay 9.2±1.8 days. Conclusion Complete coronary revascularization with on pump beating heart is a supplement for off - pump CABG when it is not feasible. It eliminates intraoperative globe myocardial ischemia and avoids transient myocardial injury during cardioplegic arrest and myocardial reperfusion.

Aortic and mitral valve replacement with retrograde perfusion in the beating heart

Objective To estimate the value of aortic valves and combined mitral valve replacement with retrograde perfusion in beating hearts.Methods Continuous retrograde coronary sinus perfusion with beating hearts was used in 83 patients undergoing aortic valve or aortic valve combined with mitral valve replacement,without application of cardioplegia.After aortic valve replacement,the retrograde perfusion wes changed to antegrade perfusion for mitral valve replacement or correction of the other deformities(group A).Cold blood cardioplegia solution(15℃)was infused at intervals in 20 cases(group B).The following parameters were tested:lactate,ET,CTn-T and MDA in blood;myocardial ultra-structure;and cardiac rhythm and cardiac output (co).Results All biochemical values increased after cardiopulmonary bypass(P ＜ 0.05 - 0.01).Empty and beating heart sinus rhythm was maintained in group A.Myocardial ultrastructure did not change significantly.The pump was stopped smoothly as the surgical procedure finished.No postoperative low cardiac output syndrome or arrhythmia was observed.Eight-one patients recovered smoothly,two died from renal failure or infective shock.When the pump stopped,all patients in group B were supported by 5 - 10 μg· kg-1· min-1 dopamine.Transient pacing was used in 9 patients.One patient died from low cardiac output syndrome.Conclusion This method is a good myocardial protection which simulates physiologic status.It is applicable to aortic valve and combined mitral valve replacement of patients with large heart or heart failure and long time aortic cross-clamping.Ideal clinical effect can be achieved.

Attosecond ionization time delays in strong-field physics

Electronic processes within atoms and molecules reside on the timescale of attoseconds. Recent advances in the laserbased pump-probe interrogation techniques have made possible the temporal resolution of ultrafast electronic processes on the attosecond timescale, including photoionization and tunneling ionization. These interrogation techniques include the attosecond streak camera, the reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions, and the attoclock. While the former two are usually employed to study photoionization processes, the latter is typically used to investigate tunneling ionization. In this review, we briefly overview these timing techniques towards an attosecond temporal resolution of ionization processes in atoms and molecules under intense laser fields. In particular, we review the backpropagation method, which is a novel hybrid quantum-classical approach towards the full characterization of tunneling ionization dynamics. Continued advances in the interrogation techniques promise to pave the pathway towards the exploration of ever faster dynamical processes on an ever shorter timescale.

Generation of 100 nJ pulse,1 W average power at 2μm from an intermode beating mode-locked all-fiber laser

We report on the investigation of intermode beating mode-locked(IBML)pulse generation in a simple all-fiber Tm^3+-doped double clad fiber laser(TDFL).This IBML TDFL is implemented by matching longitudinal-mode frequency between 793 nm laser and TDFL without extra mode locker.The central wavelength of 1983 nm,the fundamental pulse frequency of 9.6 MHz and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of>50 dB are achieved in this IBML TDFL.With laser cavity optimization,the IBML TDFL can finally generate an average output power of 1.03 W with corresponding pulse energy of 107 nJ.These results can provide an easily accessible way to develop compact large-energy,highpower TDFLs.

Beating The Bullies

In early January, a video in which a teenage girl is beaten by several other girls in what looks like a school dormitory went viral in China. One of the perpetrators stamps on the girl＇s head while others kick her in the back and legs. The victim is told to stay on the floor, kneeling. with her mouth bleeding and face covered in bruises.

Beating the Lights

交通堵塞是现代城市生活中的一个严重问题。交通指示灯虽然在规范交通秩序方面起了很大作用,但很明显有它的不足之处:试想,在空无一人的大街上,频频亮起的红灯令你一停再停,一等再等,此时你的感觉如何?比利时的科学家已经在尝试研发一种智能化交通指示灯,让你充分感受科学技术的"人性化"。

Half of Indian Women Say Wife Beating Justified

杨君是一位女大学生。她在给我们发来的此文时表示了她的“不平”:印度女同胞们似乎“太软弱,太不可理解”!同时,她也承认,这也许应该从性文化,或婚姻文化的视角去观察,去理解。杨君非常幽默地写道,希望此文不要成了男同胞们wife-beating的一个藉口:你看,人家印度妇女! 印度妇女中有相当一部分竟然认为以下五点理由为wife-beating之可接受理由: 1/neglecting the house or children 2/going out without informing their husbands 3/showing disrespect to in-laws 4/suspicion of infidelity 5/inadequate dowry(嫁妆)6/improper cooking 读者朋友,你感到吃惊吗?】

Rayleigh relaxation of pyrazine, pyridine and piperidine molecules adsorbed on the roughened Ag electrode by light beating technique

The light beating technique (intensity correlation algorithm) was employed to analyze the Rayleigh scattering from the roughened Ag electrode in very dilute (10^(-4)M) pyrazine, pyridine and piperidine aqueous solutions containing KCl (0.1 M). The relaxation time is longer when the applied voltages are between-0.4 V and-0.8 V(vs. SCE) where the Raman effect also shows greater surface enhancement. Also observed was that for the piperidine case the relaxation time reaches its maximum at the more negative applied voltage. The origin of the relaxation is attributed mainly to the desorp- tion process of the pyrazine. pyridine and piperidine molecules off the roughened Ag electrode. An. electrostatic model was also proposed for the interpretation of these experimental observations.