Objective:To assess the food safety knowledge and practices in meat handling,and to determine microbial load and pathogenic organisms in meat at Mekelle city.Methods:A descriptive survey design was used to answer ques...Objective:To assess the food safety knowledge and practices in meat handling,and to determine microbial load and pathogenic organisms in meat at Mekelle city.Methods:A descriptive survey design was used to answer questions concerning the current status of food hygiene and sanitation practiced in the abattoir and butcher shops.Workers from the abattoir and butcher shops were interviewed through a structured questionnaire to assess their food safety knowledge.Bacterial load was assessed by serial dilution method and the major bacterial pathogens were isolated by using standard procedures.Results:15.1%of the abattoir workers had no health certificate and there was no hot water,sterilizer and cooling facility in the abattoir.11.3%of the butchers didn’t use protective clothes.There was a food safety knowledge gap within the abattoir and butcher shop workers.The mean values of bacterial load of abattoir meat,butcher shops and street meat sale was found to be 1.1×10~5,5.6×10~5and 4.3×10~6 cfu/g,respectively.The major bacterial pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus.Conclusions:The study revealed that there is a reasonable gap on food safely knowledge by abattoir and butcher shop workers.The microbial profile was also higher compared to standards set by World Health Organization.Due attention should be given by the government to improve the food safety knowledge and the quality standard of meat sold in the city.展开更多
目的评估十堰市理发及美容场所室内空气质量(indoor air quality,IAQ)水平,探究其与从业人员健康状况间的关联。方法2019—2021年在十堰市抽取理发及美容场所开展室内空气质量监测,收集从业人员健康信息,采用多元Logistic回归分析室内...目的评估十堰市理发及美容场所室内空气质量(indoor air quality,IAQ)水平,探究其与从业人员健康状况间的关联。方法2019—2021年在十堰市抽取理发及美容场所开展室内空气质量监测,收集从业人员健康信息,采用多元Logistic回归分析室内空气质量与从业人员自报健康症状间的关联。结果共收集5轮次场所室内空气质量和212人次从业人员健康数据。室内空气中氨、甲醛及PM_(2.5)存在超标情况,从业人员眼部、呼吸系统及皮肤症状自报率分别为22.2%、20.2%及16.5%。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,空气中氨的暴露浓度越高,从业人员出现眼部症状的风险越高,OR(95%CI)值为5.83(1.11,36.98);甲醛、氨及PM_(2.5)暴露浓度越高,出现呼吸系统症状的风险越高,OR(95%CI)值分别为4.73(1.08,23.38)、5.60(1.46,24.77)及4.51(1.15,20.56);甲醛、氨及PM_(2.5)暴露浓度越高,出现皮肤症状的风险越高,OR(95%CI)值分别为6.08(1.03,41.71)、5.82(1.16,36.35)及7.13(1.41,47.59)。此外,室内温度较低、年龄较小和每日工作超8 h也是影响从业人员健康状况的危险因素。结论十堰市理发及美容场所室内空气质量对从业人员存在健康风险,特别应重视超标污染物的潜在危害;此外,场所室内温度和每日工作时长等因素所致潜在健康隐患亦不容忽视。展开更多
Peru is one of the most beautiful countries in the world.Stop first in Peru’s capital city,Lima.Visit its interesting museums to learn about the country's history.Then have fun shopping in downtown Lima.If you li...Peru is one of the most beautiful countries in the world.Stop first in Peru’s capital city,Lima.Visit its interesting museums to learn about the country's history.Then have fun shopping in downtown Lima.If you like mountains,you can hike in the beautiful Andes Mountains.展开更多
Hello,my name is Jaime.I am an optimistic and cheerful boy.I am 8 years old.I’m in Class 3,Grade 3 in the Second Experimental Primary School of Doumen District,Zhuhai City.There are three people in my family.They are...Hello,my name is Jaime.I am an optimistic and cheerful boy.I am 8 years old.I’m in Class 3,Grade 3 in the Second Experimental Primary School of Doumen District,Zhuhai City.There are three people in my family.They are my mother,my father and me.My father is tall and strong.He is usually very busy,and he is good at cooking.My mother is tall and thin.She is beautiful and she likes doing shopping.Like my father,I am tall and strong.I like reading both Chinese and English.We all love each other.展开更多
【英语原文】＂All the kids make fun of me,＂the boy cried to his mother,＂They say I have a big head.＂＂Don＇t listen to them,＂his mother comforted him,＂You have a beautiful head.Now stop crying and go to the store...【英语原文】＂All the kids make fun of me,＂the boy cried to his mother,＂They say I have a big head.＂＂Don＇t listen to them,＂his mother comforted him,＂You have a beautiful head.Now stop crying and go to the store for two pounds of potatoes.＂＂Where＇s the shopping bag？＂＂I haven＇t got one,use your hat.＂【汉语翻译】＂所有的孩子都拿我开玩笑,＂小男孩儿哭着跟妈妈说,＂他们说我长了一个大脑袋。＂＂你别听他们的,＂妈妈安慰他说,＂展开更多
基金Supported by the Tigray Regional National State,Science and Technology Agency(Grant No.TSTA/08/2010)
文摘Objective:To assess the food safety knowledge and practices in meat handling,and to determine microbial load and pathogenic organisms in meat at Mekelle city.Methods:A descriptive survey design was used to answer questions concerning the current status of food hygiene and sanitation practiced in the abattoir and butcher shops.Workers from the abattoir and butcher shops were interviewed through a structured questionnaire to assess their food safety knowledge.Bacterial load was assessed by serial dilution method and the major bacterial pathogens were isolated by using standard procedures.Results:15.1%of the abattoir workers had no health certificate and there was no hot water,sterilizer and cooling facility in the abattoir.11.3%of the butchers didn’t use protective clothes.There was a food safety knowledge gap within the abattoir and butcher shop workers.The mean values of bacterial load of abattoir meat,butcher shops and street meat sale was found to be 1.1×10~5,5.6×10~5and 4.3×10~6 cfu/g,respectively.The major bacterial pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus.Conclusions:The study revealed that there is a reasonable gap on food safely knowledge by abattoir and butcher shop workers.The microbial profile was also higher compared to standards set by World Health Organization.Due attention should be given by the government to improve the food safety knowledge and the quality standard of meat sold in the city.
文摘目的评估十堰市理发及美容场所室内空气质量(indoor air quality,IAQ)水平,探究其与从业人员健康状况间的关联。方法2019—2021年在十堰市抽取理发及美容场所开展室内空气质量监测,收集从业人员健康信息,采用多元Logistic回归分析室内空气质量与从业人员自报健康症状间的关联。结果共收集5轮次场所室内空气质量和212人次从业人员健康数据。室内空气中氨、甲醛及PM_(2.5)存在超标情况,从业人员眼部、呼吸系统及皮肤症状自报率分别为22.2%、20.2%及16.5%。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,空气中氨的暴露浓度越高,从业人员出现眼部症状的风险越高,OR(95%CI)值为5.83(1.11,36.98);甲醛、氨及PM_(2.5)暴露浓度越高,出现呼吸系统症状的风险越高,OR(95%CI)值分别为4.73(1.08,23.38)、5.60(1.46,24.77)及4.51(1.15,20.56);甲醛、氨及PM_(2.5)暴露浓度越高,出现皮肤症状的风险越高,OR(95%CI)值分别为6.08(1.03,41.71)、5.82(1.16,36.35)及7.13(1.41,47.59)。此外,室内温度较低、年龄较小和每日工作超8 h也是影响从业人员健康状况的危险因素。结论十堰市理发及美容场所室内空气质量对从业人员存在健康风险,特别应重视超标污染物的潜在危害;此外,场所室内温度和每日工作时长等因素所致潜在健康隐患亦不容忽视。
文摘Peru is one of the most beautiful countries in the world.Stop first in Peru’s capital city,Lima.Visit its interesting museums to learn about the country's history.Then have fun shopping in downtown Lima.If you like mountains,you can hike in the beautiful Andes Mountains.
文摘Hello,my name is Jaime.I am an optimistic and cheerful boy.I am 8 years old.I’m in Class 3,Grade 3 in the Second Experimental Primary School of Doumen District,Zhuhai City.There are three people in my family.They are my mother,my father and me.My father is tall and strong.He is usually very busy,and he is good at cooking.My mother is tall and thin.She is beautiful and she likes doing shopping.Like my father,I am tall and strong.I like reading both Chinese and English.We all love each other.
文摘【英语原文】＂All the kids make fun of me,＂the boy cried to his mother,＂They say I have a big head.＂＂Don＇t listen to them,＂his mother comforted him,＂You have a beautiful head.Now stop crying and go to the store for two pounds of potatoes.＂＂Where＇s the shopping bag？＂＂I haven＇t got one,use your hat.＂【汉语翻译】＂所有的孩子都拿我开玩笑,＂小男孩儿哭着跟妈妈说,＂他们说我长了一个大脑袋。＂＂你别听他们的,＂妈妈安慰他说,＂
