Model simulations to determine optimal fishing effort and season duration for a tropical shrimp fishery

Kuwait's shrimp fishery presents typical tropical shrimp fishery characteristics with highly variable recruitment, fast growth and strong seasonal patterns. Both the General Production Model and Age-structured Model were chosen to assess the stock status of the Kuwait's shrimp fishery. The estimated Maximum Sustainable Yield(MSY) was 2 518 metric ton(t) with a corresponding fishing eff orts( f MSY) 7 265 standard boat-days from the General Production Model. Similar results from the Age-structured Model were 1 936 t and 6 449 boat-days respectively. Comparing these results with the average annual shrimp landings(1 772 t) and average fishing eff ort(9 710 boat-days) in the past 10 years, we concluded that the fishery was overfished. Model simulations to show the changes of recruitment, biomass and possible catch under different fishing eff ort scenarios indicated possible stock collapse if the fishing eff ort continually increase. But both shrimp recruitment and biomass will increase if the current fishing eff ort is reduced. Model simulations also showed a possible increase of MSY by delaying the opening or by closing the season earlier. Based on these results, recommendations to improve the management of Kuwait's shrimp fishery are presented.

Wave and Current Effects on Floating Fish Farms

The paper is partly a review on hydrodynamic and structural aspects of fish farms. In addition, new numerical results are presented on the stochastic behavior of bending stresses in the floater of a realistic net cage in extreme wave conditions. The behavior of traditional-type fish farms with net cages and closed fish farms in waves and currents is discussed. Hydroelasticity can play a significant role for net cages and closed membrane-type fish farms. The many meshes in a net cage make CFD and complete structural modeling impracticable. As an example, a hydrodynamic screen model and structural truss elements are instead used to represent the hydrodynamic loading and the structural deformation of the net. In addition, the wake inside the net due to current plays an important role. The described simplified numerical method has been validated by comparing with model tests of mooring loads on a single net cage with two circular elastic floaters and bottom weight ring in waves and currents. It is discussed which parts of the complete system play the most important roles in accurately determining the mooring loads. Many realizations of a sea state are needed to obtain reliable estimates of extreme values in a stochastic sea. In reality, many net cages operate in close vicinity, which raises questions about spatial variations of the current and wave environment as well as hydrodynamic interaction between the net cages. Live fish touching the netting can have a non-negligible influence on the mooring loads. It is demonstrated by numerical calculations in waves and currents that a well boat at a net cage can have a significant influence on the mooring loads and the bending stresses in the floater. The latter results provide a rational way to obtain operational limits for a well boat at a fish farm. Sloshing has to be accounted for in describing the behavior of a closed fish farm when important wave frequencies are in the vicinity of natural sloshing frequencies. The structural flexibility has to be considered in determining the natural sloshing frequencies for a membrane-type closed fish farm. Free-surface non-linearities can matter for sloshing and can, for instance,result in swirling in a certain frequency domain for a closed cage with a vertical symmetry axis.

Evaluating impacts of pulse fishing on the effectiveness of seasonal closure

Seasonal fishing closures are often used in fisheries management to conserve overfished stocks.As one of the unintended consequences,fishermen often contend for maximizing catches immediately after reopening fisheries.The resultant large catch landings in a short time period(i.e.,pulse fishing)may undermine the benefit of closure.We implemented an end-to-end model OSMOSE-JZB(Object-oriented Simulator of Marine ec OSystem Exploitation OSMOSE)modelling ecosystem in the Jiaozhou Bay located in China to evaluate the impact of pulse fishing on the effectiveness of seasonal closure at levels of fish community,population,and individual.Our study demonstrated that the three-month closure was successful in conserving fish stocks.There were small variations on ecological indicators(i.e.,total biomass of the community,mean trophic level of the community,mean trophic level of the catch,and Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index)when pulse fishing occurred.Pulse fishing seemed not to result in a great shift in community structure.Compared to other species,the biomass of two large predatory fishes were more susceptible to pulse fishing.Pulse fishing could change the pressure of predators to fish stocks via food webs,especially for young individuals.Our simulations indicate that we can improve the effectiveness of seasonal closure by managing pulse fishing.Although the results derived in this study may be specific to the target ecosystem,the general approach is applicable to other ecosystems when evaluating fishing impacts.

The effects of season on fatty acid composition and ω3/ω6 ratios of northern pike(Esox lucius L.,1758) muscle lipids

In the present study, the effects of season on fatty acid composition, total lipids, and ω3/ω6 ratios of northern pike muscle lipids in Klzlhrmak River （Klrlkkale, Turkey） were investigated. A total of 35 different fatty acids were determined in gas chromatography. Among these, palmitic, oleic, and palmitoleic acids had the highest proportion. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） were found to be docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid. There were more PUFAs than monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） in all seasons. Similarly, the percentages of ω3 fatty acids were higher than those of total ω6 fatty acids in the fatty acid composition. ω3/ω6 ratios were calculated as 1.53, 1.32, 1.97, and 1.71 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Overall, we found that the fatty acid composition and ω3/ω6 fatty acid ratio in the muscle of northern pike were significantly influenced by season.

Clupeid fish hosts a Peniculus sp.(Pennellidae,Siphonostomatoida, Copepoda)—First report on new host and season dependent prevalence

Pennellid copepod Peniculus fistula fistula(Nordmann, 1832)(Synonym: Peniculus fistula Nordmann, 1832,Aphia ID: 745880), a worldwide distributed species, has been recovered from at least 19 teleost families. The present paper reports for the first time from the Malabar coast(South India), not only the existence of a new host family, Clupeidae, hosting this parasitic copepod species(P. fistula fistula) but also their season dependent hosting. A total of 123 marine fish species, belonging to 77 genera and 38 families surveyed along the Malabar coast, only the clupeid, Anadontostoma chacunda(Hamilton, 1822) was shown to be infected by this copepod species;all the recovered(copepod) parasites were invariably found attached at the mid portion of the caudal fin lobes and lying parallel to the host body, indicating the strict site-specific parasitisation. There is a discrete seasonality in the prevalence(P<0.05) as the sign of infection was noticed during the period from September to May with relatively high prevalence during winter months(November–January). During the monsoon months(June–August), the host fish was found completely free from Peniculus infection. Interestingly, all the 229 recovered specimens(P. fistula fistula) were gravid females having paired uniserrate egg sacs with the length more than its own body length.

Diet of fish populations in posidonia oceanica meadows off the Island of Ischia (Gulf of Naples, Italy):

The gut contents of fish in three Posidonia oceanica meadows off the island of Ischia (Bay of Naples, Italy) were investigated. A total of 926 individual fish belonging to 28 species was sampled by bottom trawl in the leaf canopy. Labridae, Pomacentridae, Scorpaenidae, and Serranidae were the best represented families (41%, 38%, 8% and 6% of the total number of individuals, respectively). Of the 94 taxa detected in the gut contents, 42 were identified to the species level. The most common food items were decapod crustaceans (15% of the gut contents, on average), copepods (13%), amphipods (14%), brown fragments of P. oceanica (6%), and ostracods (6%). The most abundant species of labridae, Symphodus ocellatus and S. rostratus, showed a broad spectrum of prey. This generalist feeding may positively influence their numerical abundance. Seasonal variations in the diets of fish, also at prey-species level, were demonstrated. The fish taxon plays essentially a macro-carnivore trophic role. In the investigated seagrass meadows the main trophic fluxes start from plant detritus, macrophyta, and microphyta (as primary producers) towards crustacean decapods, copepods, ostracods, and gammarid amphipods (as secondary producers) to fish. A low recycling rate (4%) within the fish community was observed. Larger fish predators (e.g., Sparidae), swimming over the leaf canopy, are the main exporters to adjacent coastal systems.

Diversity and Influence of Environmental Factors on the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of the Ichthyofauna of Malonda Lagoon (Congo Brazzaville)

This study was initiated with the aim of studying the diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of fish in the Malonda lagoon, one of the coastal ecosystems of the Base Guinea in the Republic of Congo. The fish were sampled over a period of two years in three zones each including three stations known as: Mangrove, Grass and Full water. One station upstream towards the freshwater zone, one station downstream towards the mouth and one station in the containment zone. The catches were made using monofilament gillnets of 8, 10, 20 and 30 mm mesh size. During the rainy season, 1516 specimens belonging to 29 species, 17 families and 12 orders were collected. In the dry season, 768 specimens belonging to 20 species, 11 families and 8 orders were collected. For both seasons, the family Cichlidae is the most diversified. The marine forms are the most represented compared to the continental forms. Redundancy Analysis with forward selection coupled with Monte Carlo permutation tests showed that in the rainy season four variables influenced the distribution of species (Depth: 48%, Vase: 16%, Nitrogen: 10% and Transparency: 10%);in the dry season three variables influenced the distribution of species (Vase: 38%, Nitrogen: 14% and Oxygen: 11%). Ecological indices showed that the Malonda lagoon is already undergoing either anthropic or natural impacts, its state of ecological integrity is disturbed, the values of Shannon diversity and Equitability indices are not close to maximum values. The results of this study will serve as an ecological database for the proper management of these ecosystems.

大食物观背景下海洋渔业资源相关法律问题研究

我国海洋渔业资源丰富,地理位置得天独厚。充分利用海洋渔业资源是贯彻落实习近平总书记“大食物观”的具体举措。目前,我国海洋渔业资源利用效率不足,相关法律制度有待完善。本文从习近平总书记“生态文明”的观点出发,梳理了“大食物观”背景下我国海洋渔业资源及其法律制度现状;分析了海洋渔业资源法律制度实施过程中存在的问题;提出了加快构建具有独立性地位的海洋渔业法律体系,适时适事适当承认海洋渔业多元治理主体法律地位,借鉴域外先进经验完善休渔期制度的建议。

仿生机器鱼步态控制及闭环运动控制方法综述

鱼类所具有的推进效率高、机动性强、环境扰动小等优点引发了国内外学者对仿生机器鱼的研究。底层步态控制方法和闭环运动控制方法是当前机器鱼控制研究的两大热点。按照推进模式的分类方法概述各类机器鱼的样机研制情况以及其性能优劣,介绍机器鱼的推进机理及其水动力学研究进展,进而重点探讨轨迹逼近方法和中枢模式发生器这2种底层步态控制思路,综述机器鱼的典型闭环运动控制方法。中枢模式发生器具有更强的灵活性、稳定性和可操作性,易于引入反馈项而实现闭环控制,在机器鱼底层步态控制中占主导地位。针对机器鱼的显著特点改进后的基于学习的控制方法与多种方法相结合后的混合控制方法具有更为广阔的发展前景,符合仿生机器鱼智能化的发展方向。根据工作条件和运动要求建立合理的步态控制系统以及准确高效的闭环运动控制系统可提高机器鱼的整体性能。

山东半岛南部海域鱼类群落生物量粒径谱季节变化

为了解山东半岛南部海域鱼类群落粒径结构特征,本文根据2016—2017年渔业资源底拖网季度调查数据,构建了山东半岛南部海域鱼类生物量粒径谱,分析了该海域鱼类群落的粒径结构特征及其季节变化。研究表明,山东半岛南部海域Sheldon型鱼类生物量粒径谱呈双峰模式,鱼类粒径范围为2~12粒径级,粒径分布相对均匀,出现波峰的粒径区间存在季节差异,春、夏季第一个波峰出现在3~4粒径级,主要由细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)、方氏云鳚(Pholis fangi)和大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)等种类组成。秋、冬季第一个波峰出现在5~6粒径级,主要由小眼绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys spinosus)、长蛇鲻(Saurida elongata)和斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)等种类组成。四个季节的第二个波峰均由细纹狮子鱼、黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon)和大头鳕(Gadus macrocephalus)等鱼类个体组成。全部鱼类群落标准化生物量粒径谱的斜率和截距存在季节差异,其中夏季粒径谱陡峭,截距值显著高于其他季节,而冬季粒径谱最平缓,截距值最小,粒径谱斜率和截距的变化主要受当年生幼鱼群体的影响。在山东半岛南部海域,底层鱼类群落与全部鱼类群落的标准化生物量粒径谱的变化趋势相似。在同一季节,底层鱼类群落与全部鱼类群落的标准化生物量粒径谱斜率和截距之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),而暖温性鱼类群落与全部鱼类群落之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。山东半岛南部海域的全部鱼类群落粒径结构以小粒径鱼类为主,大型鱼种和大个体较少。鱼类的种类组成有明显的季节变化,当年生幼鱼及洄游性鱼类的个体数量变化是影响该海域鱼类群落粒径结构的主要因素。

基于改进YOLOv8的渔港船舶进出港目标检测与统计方法

为减轻渔港执法人员在渔船进出港统计工作中的压力,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv8模型的渔港船舶进出港目标检测与统计模型YOLOv8n-Bi-FPN-EMA,该模型采用加权双向特征金字塔网络结构(Bi-FPN),引入高效多尺度注意模块(EMA)以提高模型的目标检测准确性和稳定性,并结合BoT-SORT跟踪算法实现对不同类型船舶进出渔港的分类统计。结果表明:与YOLOv8n模型相比,YOLOv8n-Bi-FPN-EMA模型的准确率提高了5.0%,mAP@0.5提高了0.2%,对执法船、拖船和渔船的识别准确率分别提高了9.9%、4.9%、0.3%。其中,对渔船的识别准确率为99.1%,召回率为84.4%,mAP@0.5为97.8%。研究表明,YOLOv8n-Bi-FPN-EMA模型在渔船识别上有较好的表现,可用于渔船识别与进出港统计的辅助工作。

论销售在禁渔区或禁渔期非法捕捞渔获物的法律责任

由于现行《中华人民共和国渔业法》第三十八条第二款关于处罚销售在禁渔区或禁渔期非法捕捞的渔获物行为的罚则缺失,导致这种行为没有很好地受到法律规制,严重破坏了渔业资源的可持续发展。文章通过阐述销售禁渔区或禁渔期非法捕捞的渔获物行为的相关概念和危害,分析《渔业法》完善罚则的必要性,并提出法律责任的构成要素和立法建议。

影响大型溞繁殖的多因素分析

为研究不同环境因素对大型溞生长、繁殖情况的影响,依据经济合作与发展组织(OECD)化学品测试方法No.211大型溞(Daphnia magna)繁殖试验对大型溞繁殖情况进行了测试。经过研究发现:第4季度较其他季度,大型溞繁殖量最低,初次产溞时间最晚,固有增长率最低;经单因素方差分析得出,第4季度的大型溞繁殖量、初次产溞时间、固有增长率均与其他季度存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。此外,密闭环境与非密闭环境相比,密闭环境下的亲溞繁殖量更少;经单因素方差分析得出,密闭环境与非密闭环境下亲溞的繁殖量存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。结果表明,即使在实验室稳定控制的环境条件下,季节性变化、密闭/非密闭环境依然对大型溞产生了一定的影响。

东海区拖网新伏季休渔渔业生态和资源增殖效果的分析

为了更好地养护和合理利用海洋渔业资源，中国政府于2009年开始实施新的伏季休渔制度，其中从6月1日～9月15Et在东海区禁止拖网作业，较原3个月的伏季休渔期提前增加半个月。本研究依据2006～2008年每年6月上半月拖网监测资料，从渔业生态和资源增殖的角度，着重分析研究拖网在6月上半月这一时段休渔的渔业生态效果和资源增殖效果。结果表明，6月上半月禁止拖网作业，主要养护了带鱼、小黄鱼和日本鲭等资源群体，并在一定程度上保护了带鱼的产卵亲体繁殖，对带鱼资源数量的补充起到了增殖作用，同时在较大程度上养护了带鱼和日本鲭幼鱼的自然生长，起到了资源增重作用，但对分布在拖网渔场外的小黄鱼幼鱼保护作用甚微。应用Richer动态综合模型估算，以带鱼为代表种，提前增加半个月伏季休渔期其资源增殖效果较以往3个月伏季休渔期可使年平均资源量增加11．86％，渔获量增加8．06％，平均渔获体重增加9．33％。东海区以拖网占捕捞主导地位的伏季休渔时间的延长，可进一步改善繁殖群体栖息地生态环境。

2007年伏季休渔深圳海域渔业资源调查分析

为了解深圳市2007年伏季休渔海洋渔业资源的动态变化规律,寻找恢复渔业资源的有效途径,合理开发利用海洋渔业资源,2007年5月和8月在深圳海域利用双拖网、掺缯网和拖虾网等3种渔具进行了渔业资源调查,对渔获结果进行了对比分析。调查结果表明,休渔前后,在珠江口海域掺缯网作业的总渔获量增加了10.8倍,桁杆拖虾网作业的总渔获量增加了5.6倍,但在大鹏湾海域双拖网作业的总渔获量仅为休渔前的72.7%。

珠江禁渔对广东鲂资源补充群体的影响分析

继我国各大水系实施禁渔期制度之后,珠江水系于2011年4月1日至6月1日实现首次禁渔。广东鲂是珠江中下游地区主要的经济鱼类之一,为分析珠江实施禁渔期制度对广东鲂资源补充群体的影响,于珠江实施禁渔制度前(2006—2010年)和禁渔制度后(2011—2012年)在珠江下游肇庆江段设立固定采样点,利用定量弶网对流经该江段的广东鲂鱼苗补充群体进行调查。结果显示,禁渔前,珠江广东鲂鱼苗集中出现在4月中下旬至10月中旬,持续时间为(189±11)d,高峰期为6—8月。禁渔期制度实施之后,全年广东鲂鱼苗出现的起始时间变化不大,但是结束时间提前,持续时间略有缩短,4—5月份广东鲂鱼苗密度明显增大。广东鲂鱼苗总量及其在鱼苗补充群体中的比例均有所提高。根据禁渔前广东鲂鱼苗发生量与径流量之间存在的回归关系:LgY=0.988Lnx-4.932(R2=0.365,P<0.01),结合禁渔后实际调查结果,对禁渔的实际作用进行了估算,2011年和2012年由于禁渔分别增加了9.43×108和651.81×108尾广东鲂鱼苗。研究表明,在径流量有保障的前提下,目前的禁渔制度可以有效增加广东鲂鱼苗补充群体资源量。

胶州湾鱼卵、仔鱼和稚鱼的分布

2003年1月-2004年1月在胶州湾海域逐月进行连续13个航次的调查,对胶州湾鱼卵、仔鱼和稚鱼的种类组成、丰度和主要种类的分布进行了研究。结果表明,采集到的鱼卵均为浮性鱼卵。鱼卵丰度最高值出现在8月(5.02粒/m3),次之为5月(4.97粒/m3)。共采集到仔、稚鱼10种,隶属9科10属,优势种为刺鱼叚虎鱼、斑鱼祭和玉筋鱼。根据出现的季节和出现时间的长短,将仔、稚鱼分为暖季类群、暖季短时类群和冷季类群三种类群。暖季类群较冷季类群占有明显的优势。暖季短时类群的种数、丰度和站位出现率都比较低。仔、稚鱼的丰度、种数的季节变化显著,最大值均出现在6月份,丰度是16.34尾/m3,种数为7种,与海水月平均温度的季节变化节律基本一致。

珠江首次禁渔西江段鱼类资源声学跟踪监测分析

2011年珠江开始实行禁渔期制度。该研究采用 Simrad EY60鱼探仪，分别于2010年5月19日和2011年5月22日对珠江西江段进行了走航式探测。结果显示，珠江禁渔期期间西江段鱼类资源密度增加，2010年和2011年鱼类平均密度分别为0.0513尾·m -3和0.1068尾·m -3，根据渔获物调查数据，推算增幅分别为广东鲂（Megalo-brama terminalis）47.85％、赤眼鳟（Squaliobarbus curriculus）18.54％、鲮（Cirrhina moitorella）10.87％和鳊（Parabra-mis pekinensis）6.25％；两年西江段深水区域鱼类密度均较大，尤其是水底结构为凹形区域，鱼类有明显的聚集现象；浅水区域且底部较平整的水域，鱼类分布分散且密度较低；垂直分布方面，鱼类主要分布4--10 m 中下层水层。珠江禁渔期的实施，在一定程度上保护了鱼类的产卵亲体繁殖，对鱼类资源数量的补充起到了增殖作用，同时在很大程度上护养了鱼类的自然生长，起到了资源增重作用。

海南岛上岸渔获调查与分析

上岸渔获调查是调查渔业资源的主要方法之一。通过2010年9月至2011年8月监测海南岛主要渔港渔情,统计分析渔获上岸量、渔获组成和作业类型,评估南海渔业资源开发现状并提出建议。结果表明,1)低值幼鱼渔获比例超过40%,经济渔获蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)、带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)、马鲛(Scomber-morus)、眼镜鱼(Mene maculata)、金线鱼(Nemipterus)和头足类(Cephalopoda)的总和不足25%;2)蓝圆鲹和带鱼是海南岛上岸渔获的优势种;3)拖网是海南岛近海渔获量最高的作业类型;4)海南岛近海底层渔业资源已严重衰退,远海中上层渔业资源具有巨大开发潜力。建议禁止海南岛近海拖网生产,允许南海休渔期间灯光围网和灯光罩网生产,通过增加远海作业船只的柴油补贴等途径扶持灯光围网和灯光罩网生产,构建"养护近海渔业、开发远海渔业"的新捕捞格局。

基于水声学方法的天目湖鱼类季节和昼夜空间分布研究

采用水声学方法系统地对天目湖春夏秋冬四季鱼类水平和垂直空间分布进行了调查研究,同时对昼夜探测的差异性进行了比较,并对不同季节间鱼类聚群形态进行了探讨。研究结果表明,天目湖鱼类在不同季节间存在规律性水平迁移,从全湖角度分析,天目湖鱼类资源昼夜间的水平空间分布无明显差异特征,但在春末和夏季的局部区域里,昼夜间鱼类存在一定近岸—远岸的水平迁移;不同季节和昼夜间,鱼类垂直分布差异明显,且在存在温跃层的夏季7月昼间,鱼类密度垂直分布与水温的垂直分布关系密切,温跃层以下的鱼类密度基本为0;天目湖鱼类在四个季节都属于成群分布类型,但季节间鱼类聚群形态不同,在冬季的1月呈现出典型的聚集,相对于昼间,春夏季鱼类在夜间分布更为均匀、分散,且水平探测表明在夜间水体表层存在大量鱼类分布。