Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite involved in the etiology of various behavioral and hormonal alterations in humans and rodents. Various mechanisms, including induction changes of testosterone production,...Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite involved in the etiology of various behavioral and hormonal alterations in humans and rodents. Various mechanisms, including induction changes of testosterone production, have been proposed in the etiology of behavioral alterations during T. gondii infection. However, controversy remains about the effects of T. gondii infection on testosterone production; in some studies, increased levels of testosterone were reported, whereas other studies reported decreased levels. This is a significant point, because testosterone has been shown to play important roles in various processes, from reproduction to fear and behavior. This contradiction seems to indicate that different factors--primarily parasite strains and host variations--have diverse effects on the intensity of T. gondii infection, which consequently has diverse effects on testosterone production and behavioral alterations. This paper reviews the role of parasite strains, host variations, and intensity of T. gondii infection on behavioral alterations and testosterone production, as well as the role of testosterone in the etiology of these alterations during toxoplasmosis.展开更多
The vegetable leafminer(Liriomyza sativae[Burgess])is a highly polyphagous pest that threatens vegetables and horticultural plants.Although sexual communication is a key component of the animal behavioral repertoire,t...The vegetable leafminer(Liriomyza sativae[Burgess])is a highly polyphagous pest that threatens vegetables and horticultural plants.Although sexual communication is a key component of the animal behavioral repertoire,the mechanism underlying sexual communication in L.sativae remains to be elucidated.Here,we used laser vibrometry to characterize the vibrational signals emitted by L.sativae during pair formation.By emitting trains of vibrational pulses(male calling)the male initiated communication on the host plant.The female then became immobile and responded to the male calling by emiting replies(female replies),which in turn triggered male replies consisting of a rapid series of chirps and trills.If the female replied,a continuous exchange of male and female replies ensued,representing a duet.In playback trials,a playback signal caused responses from the opposite sex.Moreover,scanning electron microscopy revealed vibration-producing stridulatory organs in both male and female individuals.The files in males were more developed than those in females,and older male specimens had more signs of abrasion.The results provide new insight into the mating biology of L.sativae.展开更多
文摘Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite involved in the etiology of various behavioral and hormonal alterations in humans and rodents. Various mechanisms, including induction changes of testosterone production, have been proposed in the etiology of behavioral alterations during T. gondii infection. However, controversy remains about the effects of T. gondii infection on testosterone production; in some studies, increased levels of testosterone were reported, whereas other studies reported decreased levels. This is a significant point, because testosterone has been shown to play important roles in various processes, from reproduction to fear and behavior. This contradiction seems to indicate that different factors--primarily parasite strains and host variations--have diverse effects on the intensity of T. gondii infection, which consequently has diverse effects on testosterone production and behavioral alterations. This paper reviews the role of parasite strains, host variations, and intensity of T. gondii infection on behavioral alterations and testosterone production, as well as the role of testosterone in the etiology of these alterations during toxoplasmosis.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,CARS-23-C06National Key Research&Development(R&D)Plan:2017YFD0200900。
文摘The vegetable leafminer(Liriomyza sativae[Burgess])is a highly polyphagous pest that threatens vegetables and horticultural plants.Although sexual communication is a key component of the animal behavioral repertoire,the mechanism underlying sexual communication in L.sativae remains to be elucidated.Here,we used laser vibrometry to characterize the vibrational signals emitted by L.sativae during pair formation.By emitting trains of vibrational pulses(male calling)the male initiated communication on the host plant.The female then became immobile and responded to the male calling by emiting replies(female replies),which in turn triggered male replies consisting of a rapid series of chirps and trills.If the female replied,a continuous exchange of male and female replies ensued,representing a duet.In playback trials,a playback signal caused responses from the opposite sex.Moreover,scanning electron microscopy revealed vibration-producing stridulatory organs in both male and female individuals.The files in males were more developed than those in females,and older male specimens had more signs of abrasion.The results provide new insight into the mating biology of L.sativae.
