Computational Experiments for Complex Social Systems:Experiment Design and Generative Explanation

Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a novel approach for the design,analysis,management,control,and integration of CPSS,which can realize the causal analysis of complex systems by means of“algorithmization”of“counterfactuals”.However,because CPSS involve human and social factors(e.g.,autonomy,initiative,and sociality),it is difficult for traditional design of experiment(DOE)methods to achieve the generative explanation of system emergence.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an integrated approach to the design of computational experiments,incorporating three key modules:1)Descriptive module:Determining the influencing factors and response variables of the system by means of the modeling of an artificial society;2)Interpretative module:Selecting factorial experimental design solution to identify the relationship between influencing factors and macro phenomena;3)Predictive module:Building a meta-model that is equivalent to artificial society to explore its operating laws.Finally,a case study of crowd-sourcing platforms is presented to illustrate the application process and effectiveness of the proposed approach,which can reveal the social impact of algorithmic behavior on“rider race”.

Rotating tank experiments for the study of geophysical fluid dynamics

Geophysical fluid dynamics(GFD)is an interdisciplinary field that studies the large-scale motion of fluids in the natural world.With a wide range of applications such as weather forecasts and climate prediction,GFD employs various research approaches including in-situ observations,satellite measurements,numerical simulations,theoretical analysis,artificial intelligence,and physical model experiments in laboratory.Among these approaches,rotating tank experiments provide a valuable tool for simulating naturally-occurring fluid motions in laboratories.With proportional scaling and proper techniques,scientists can reproduce multi-scale physical processes of stratified fluids in the rotation system,which allows for the simulation of essential characteristics of fluid motions in the atmosphere and oceans.In this review,rotating tanks of various scales in the world are introduced,as these tanks have been actively used to explore fundamental scientific questions in ocean and atmosphere dynamics.To illustrate the GFD experiments,three representative cases are presented to demonstrate the frontier achievements in the the GFD study by using rotating tank experiments:mesoscale eddies in the ocean,convection processes,and plume dynamics.Detailed references for the experimental procedures are provided.Future studies are encouraged to further explore the utilization of rotating tanks with improvements in experimental design and integration of other research methods.This is a promising direction of GFD to help enhance our understanding of the complex nature of fluid motions in the natural world and to address the challenges posed by global environmental changes.

Flume experiments to study fine-grain migration and its impact on slope stability

Fine grains migration is a primary cause of landslides and debris flows.This study investigates the effect of fine-grain migration on slope failure through flume experiments,focusing on the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of slope stability.A series of artificial rainfall flume experiments with varying rainfall intensities and slopes were conducted using soil samples collected from Wei Jia Gully.The experiments monitored pore-water pressure,grain migration,and failure sequences.Grain-size distribution parameters(μand Dc)were analyzed to understand the migration path and accumulation of fine grains.The experiments reveal that fine-grain migration significantly alters soil structure,leading to random blockage and interconnection of internal pore channels.These changes result in fluctuating pore-water pressure distributions and uneven fine-grain accumulation,critical factors in slope stability.Slope failures occur randomly and intermittently,influenced by fine-grain content in runoff and resulting pore-water pressure variations.This study highlights that fine-grain migration plays a vital role in slope stability,with significant implications for predicting and mitigating slope failures.The stochastic nature of fine-grain migration and its impact on soil properties should be incorporated into predictive models to enhance their accuracy and reliability.

Teaching Status and Teaching Reform Ideas of Physical Chemistry Experiments for Food Quality and Safety Major

Physical chemistry experiments are an important branch of chemical experiments.In view of problems and shortcomings in physical chemistry experiment teaching of food quality and safety major in Chengdu University,the teaching methods of physical chemistry experiment course of food quality and safety major were explored and practiced,aiming to arouse students enthusiasm for experiments and cultivate their ability of independent learning,comprehensive thinking and independent problem solving.

Study on the effect and mechanism of Swertia mussotii Franch. in the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis based on bioinformatics and in vitro experiments

Background:Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic biliary autoimmune liver disease characterized by intrahepatic cholestasis.Swertia mussotii Franch.(SMF)is a Tibetan medicine with hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.In this study,the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of SMF on PBC were investigated by bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experimental validation,with the aim of promoting the progress of SMF and PBC research.Methods:We first explored the therapeutic effects and key targets of SMF on PBC using a network pharmacology approach,further screened the core targets using the GSE79850 dataset,and finally validated the results using molecular docking techniques and in vitro experiments.Results:By bioinformatics analysis,we identified core targets of SMF for PBC treatment(STAT3,JAK2,TNF-α,and IL-1β)and important signaling pathways:JAK-STAT,TNF,and PI3K-AKT.The molecular docking results showed that the significant components of SMF had good binding properties to the core targets.In vitro experiments showed that SMF extracts improved the extent of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells and had a significant reversal effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition process markers and potential targets in PBC.Conclusion:SMF may exert its therapeutic effects on PBC by acting on important targets such as STAT3,JAK2,TNF-α,IL-1β,Vimentin,and E-cadherin and the pathways in which they are involved.

Design and analysis of an advanced thermal management system for the solar close observations and proximity experiments spacecraft

In this paper,the mission and the thermal environment of the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)spacecraft are analyzed,and an advanced thermal management system(ATMS)is designed for it.The relationship and functions of the integrated database,the intelligent thermal control system and the efficient liquid cooling system in the ATMS are elaborated upon.For the complex thermal field regulation system and extreme space thermal environment,a modular simulation and thermal field planning method are proposed,and the feasibility of the planning algorithm is verified by numerical simulation.A solar array liquid cooling system is developed,and the system simulation results indicate that the temperatures of the solar arrays meet the requirements as the spacecraft flies by perihelion and aphelion.The advanced thermal management study supports the development of the SCOPE program and provides a reference for the thermal management in other deep-space exploration programs.

Exploration of playa surface crusts in Qehan Lake, China through field investigation and wind tunnel experiments

Globally,many lakes are drying up,leaving exposed lakebeds where wind erosion releases dust and sand rich in salt and harmful heavy metals into the atmosphere.Therefore,understanding the characteristics and spatial distribution of playa surface crusts is important to recognize the manifestation of salt dust storms.The objective of this study was to explore the playa surface crust types as well as their spatial distribution and evolution of Qehan Lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China to understand the salt dust release potential of different types of playa surface crusts.Various crust characteristics were investigated by field sampling in Qehan Lake,and playa surface crusts were further divided into five types:vegetated areas,salt crusts,clay flats,curly crusts,and margins.It should be noted that curly crusts were distributed in clay flats and covered only a small area in Qehan Lake.The spatial distribution characteristics of playa surface crust types were obtained by supervised classification of remote sensing images,and the salt dust release potential of crusts was explored by the wind tunnel experiments.The field investigation of Qehan Lake revealed that playa surface crust types had a circum-lake band distribution from the inside to the outside of this lake,which were successively vegetated areas,clay flats,salt crusts,and margins.The spatial distribution patterns of playa surface crust types were mainly controlled by the hydrodynamics of the playa,soil texture,and groundwater.There was a significant negative correlation between crust thickness and electrical conductivity.The results of the wind tunnel experiments showed that the initial threshold of friction wind velocity for the salt dust release was higher in clay flats(0.7–0.8 m/s)than in salt crusts(0.5–0.6 m/s).Moreover,the particle leap impact processes occurring under natural conditions may reduce this threshold value.Salinity was the main factor controlling the difference in the initial threshold of friction wind velocity for the salt dust release of clay flats and salt crusts.This study provides a scientific reference for understanding how salt dust is released from a lakebed,which may be used for ecological restoration of dry salt lakes.

Process Characterization of the Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil to Biodiesel Using Design of Experiments and Infrared Spectroscopy

For optimization of production processes and product quality,often knowledge of the factors influencing the process outcome is compulsory.Thus,process analytical technology(PAT)that allows deeper insight into the process and results in a mathematical description of the process behavior as a simple function based on the most important process factors can help to achieve higher production efficiency and quality.The present study aims at characterizing a well-known industrial process,the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters(FAME)for usage as biodiesel in a continuous micro reactor set-up.To this end,a design of experiment approach is applied,where the effects of two process factors,the molar ratio and the total flow rate of the reactants,are investigated.The optimized process target response is the FAME mass fraction in the purified nonpolar phase of the product as a measure of reaction yield.The quantification is performed using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares regression.The data retrieved during the conduction of the DoE experimental plan were used for statistical analysis.A non-linear model indicating a synergistic interaction between the studied factors describes the reactor behavior with a high coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.9608.Thus,we applied a PAT approach to generate further insight into this established industrial process.

授人以鱼和渔:仪器分析实验自主设计实验及思政元素融入

为适应现代教育理念及国家对创新型人才的需求,改革传统实验教学模式并激发学生的自主创新意识,在传统仪器分析实验教学基础上探索和构建以学生为主体、以创新能力培养为中心的自主设计实验教学模式。课程在夯实基础和拔高创新方面取得了平衡,同时拓展了课程思政的范畴,如以学生为中心的自主设计实验模式提升了学生学习主动性,课程高阶性、创新性显著提高,授课教师在更多方面以身作则,示范了严谨的科学态度,并倡导了积极的科学探索态度。通过自主设计实验的开展,学生的基础知识、学习兴趣、实验技能、创新能力等都得到了显著提升,建立了有效的仪器分析学习模式。

完整经验的基本涵义、生成机制及其教育意蕴

完整经验具有与经验同一的动态性、生成性等本质特征,蕴含着过程取向的完整观。完整经验的生成应以生活经验与课程经验的交互为基础,以认知经验与社会经验的融合为条件,以反省经验到审美经验的升华为关键。基于完整经验的幼儿园教育变革,在课程设置方面,要体现经验的多样性、连续性、过程性和整合性,注重经验向反省经验、审美经验的进阶与升华,应整体考虑生活经验、社会经验和审美经验之于幼儿学习与发展的价值。在教学过程中,应提供适宜的支架,珍视幼儿生活经验的独特价值,创设真实的问题解决情境。

面向林学专业群的有机化学实验教学内容改革实践与探索

作为高等学校公共基础课,有机化学实验因教学资源不足,普遍存在教学内容千篇一律、与专业特色契合度低等问题,导致学生学习动力不足。本文结合西南林业大学实际,尝试将具有植物资源培养、开发、利用的相关专业组成林学专业群,并针对该专业群,构建了以天然产物提取、分离、纯化、鉴定为主线的有机化学实验教学体系。学生期末考试表现及问卷调查结果表明,新教学体系对提升学生学习兴趣、改善学生培养质量具有显著的推进作用,同时也为在教学体系中融入农林特质提供了思路。

王静波临床经验总结

王静波教授从事中医眼科工作40余年,积累了丰富的临床经验。特别是在中晚期青光眼的治疗方面,王静波教授研习古籍,结合自己的临床经验,认为中晚期青光眼及术后视神经萎缩、小视野者,主要是因为阴不涵阳,肝阳失于制约,肝阳上亢,阳热耗气伤阴,终至气阴两亏;气阴亏损目之窍道无力以通,无物以养而视物不清。制定了益气养阴开窍为治则治疗中晚期青光眼,并创制了益气养阴、开窍明目的益阴明目合剂。为中晚期青光眼的治疗提供了新的思路。同时在春季卡他性结膜炎、麦粒肿等疾病方面也有独特的治疗方法。治疗春季卡他性结膜炎时,王静波老师治疗本病从整体出发,通过辨证论治调理体质,联合中药外熏洗及内服、药渣外敷等多种中医疗法,既能固其本,又能治其标,内外结合、标本兼治,缩短病程,减少复发。王静波教授还根据多年临床经验,总结出经验方内服结合药渣外敷并配合耳尖放血治疗麦粒肿,内外治结合收到显著疗效。该文对以上进行总结,旨在继承名老中医经验,促进中医眼科的学术发展。

新农科背景下分子生物学实验教学改革探索

以分子生物学为主要内容的现代生物技术已被纳入到新农科的知识范畴。简单借鉴综合性大学的分子生物学实验课教学方案,已不能完全符合新农科建设的需求。该文详细分析影响涉农专业分子生物学实验课程教学效果的主要问题,并提出切合新农科建设思路,融合翻转课堂、PBL(Problem-based Learning)、OBE(Outcomes-based Education)等教学模式的多元教学解决方案。针对传统农科人才培养中重视实际操作,但总结和表述能力培养相对不足的实际,设立以“做得好、写得好、讲得好”为评价教学效果的新标准。初步实践表明,该方案的实施能提高学生参与实验课程的主动性,在教授学生实验操作技能的同时,培养学生的创新精神和团结协作精神。在全面培养新农科学生综合实验能力和科学素质方向上,做出有益的探索。

“纳米乳液的制备、表征及粒径调控”实验的课程思政设计

将化学竞赛成果转化为具有农业特色的实验项目“纳米乳液的制备、表征及粒径调控”,并引入到物理化学实验教学中。通过实验使学生掌握纳米乳液的制备表征方法并研究制备因素对性质的影响,推动了农科和理科的融合渗透,培养了学生的跨学科思维,提高了科学素养。引导学生深刻认识纳米乳液对于减少农药使用量、保护生态环境的重要意义,关注国家粮食安全和食品安全等战略需求,加强了学生的绿色发展意识,激发了学生服务三农的责任感。

孙海波咽部刺营辨治慢性咽炎经验撷菁

慢性咽炎是咽部黏膜及黏膜下和淋巴组织的慢性炎症,是耳鼻喉科常见病、多发病,属中医学“喉痹”范畴。孙海波教授致力于中医耳鼻喉科临床40余年,对慢性咽炎诊疗经验丰富,根据本病的发病特点,认为病机关键为“阳虚、气郁、痰阻、血瘀”所致,四者既是致病因素,也是咽喉诸症的病理变化结果,在疾病的发展过程中往往相互转化,互为因果,致使病情迁延,症状反复。临证根据咽部黏膜颜色、触诊弹性、血管是否充血、淋巴滤泡形态进行咽部局部辨证,同时结合全身症候辨证施治。擅长运用针刀咽部刺营通阳、化滞、散瘀,同时配合温阳行气、健脾化痰、祛瘀通络中药辨证治疗,临床疗效显著。并提出针刀咽部刺营的操作技巧及注意事项,便于临床推广应用。

“在场”到“难忘”:偏惯常环境下旅游体验的记忆形成与反馈机制

体验经济时代,提供难忘的旅游体验成为目的地的核心竞争力,旅游体验作为旅游研究的重要领域得到广泛重视。然而,现有研究在空间上强调非惯常环境下的旅游体验,时间上侧重在场体验,对偏惯常环境下的难忘体验缺乏关注。因此,该研究以游客在城市绿道这一偏惯常环境下的旅游休闲活动为情境,通过在场和归家后的历时分析,旨在洞悉从“在场”到“难忘”这一体验记忆的形成过程与反馈机制。通过对5个城市绿道中的55名受访者进行两阶段考察,采用主题分析和系统动力分析,研究发现,游客在场体验以“存在性自我”为核心,且随时间推移其在场体验细节会消减,而彼时感知和感觉到的体验则抽象为情感性欣赏、满足和认同长期保存,成为记忆中的难忘体验。同时,研究提出了“在场感知-阈限自我-情感记忆-情感连接-行为动机”的体验记忆形成和促进重游的正反馈机制,与重游下体验阈限突破的负反馈机制构成体验记忆形成的S形曲线模型,对旅游体验、体验记忆以及目的地体验设计具有一定的理论和实践意义。

旅居何以康养?——节奏分析视角下康养旅居对身心健康的“单向度-循环”影响研究

康养旅居是一种提升生活质量和生命质量的生活方式,是在中国时代特色背景下休闲度假产业与大健康产业深度融合的产物。然而,康养旅居对个体身心健康有何影响以及如何影响的机制尚未厘清。文章借鉴节奏分析理论,从单向度过程和循环过程两个时空尺度出发,探索旅居者生活节奏变化下康养旅居对其身心健康的影响机制。研究发现:1)从单次康养旅居的单向度过程来看,旅居者经历了日常节奏化-节奏中辍-节奏调整-节奏嵌入-节奏持存的节奏演进过程,康养旅居者节奏变化过程本身具有疗愈功效,其健康状态、感官体验与情感体验均呈现倒U形趋势,感官体验与情感体验相互作用,并影响旅居者身心健康;2)从持续性康养旅居循环过程来看,人们的身心健康状态越来越佳,这种健康状态呈波浪式前进和螺旋式上升的趋势;3)康养旅居对人们身心健康的影响机制具有边界条件,分别是时间视角的停留时长、空间视角的柔性边界以及系统视角的自我调节与社会支持。该研究强调了身体反节奏化的革命潜能,为全民康养时代下康养旅居地建设提供了有效路径和理论指导。

电针刺激对慢性心力衰竭模型大鼠及心肌纤维化细胞模型的影响

目的观察电针刺激对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)大鼠模型及心肌纤维化细胞模型的影响,探讨电针对CHF的治疗作用机制。方法选取24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,分别为假手术组、假手术+电针组、心肌纤维化组及心肌纤维化+电针组,每组6只。将H9c2大鼠心肌细胞随机分为4组,对照组、对照+电针组、血管紧张素Ⅱ处理组及血管紧张素Ⅱ处理+电针组。心肌纤维化组大鼠采用腹主动脉缩窄法建立CHF模型,假手术组大鼠仅分离腹主动脉不进行钳夹,心肌纤维化+电针组大鼠在心肌纤维化组的基础上联合电针刺激大鼠双侧“内关”穴干预,假手术+电针组大鼠在假手术组的基础上联合电针刺激大鼠双侧“内关”穴干预。血管紧张素Ⅱ处理组采用含血管紧张素Ⅱ的培养基对H9c2大鼠心肌细胞进行培养及传代,对照组H9c2大鼠心肌细胞在正常培养基内进行培养及传代,血管紧张素Ⅱ处理+电针组是血管紧张素Ⅱ处理组的基础上在培养皿中予以电刺激,对照+电针组在对照组的基础上在培养皿中予以电刺激。检测各组大鼠干预12、16、20周室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSd)、左室舒张末期后壁厚度(LVPWd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVEDs)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)及左室射血分数(LVEF),以及血清B型钠尿肽(BNP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)水平,检测各组H9c2大鼠心肌细胞在干预12、16、20周重组蛋白基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)相对表达情况。结果与假手术组干预同期比较,心肌纤维化组干预12、16、20周时IVSd、LVPWd、LVEDs及LVEDd均升高(P<0.05),LVEF降低(P<0.05),但假手术+电针组干预12、16、20周时各项指标与假手术组干预同期比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与心肌纤维化组干预同期比较,心肌纤维化+电针组干预12、16、20周时IVSd、LVPWd、LVEDs及LVEDd均降低(P<0.05),LVEF升高(P<0.05)。与假手术组干预同期比较,心肌纤维化组干预12、16、20周时BNP、LDH及CK水平均升高(P<0.05),但假手术+电针组干预12、16、20周时各项指标与假手术组干预同期比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与心肌纤维化组干预同期比较,心肌纤维化+电针组干预12、16、20周时BNP、LDH及CK水平均降低(P<0.05)。与对照组干预同期比较,血管紧张素Ⅱ处理组干预12、16、20周时MMP-9及TIMI-1相对表达水平均升高(P<0.05),但对照+电针组干预12、16、20周时各项指标与对照组干预同期比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与血管紧张素Ⅱ处理组干预同期比较,血管紧张素Ⅱ处理+电针组干预12、16、20周时MMP-9及TIMI-1相对表达水平均降低(P<0.05)。结论电针对CHF的治疗作用可能是通过抑制心室重构,改善心功能,保护心肌细胞,减轻心肌纤维化而实现。

基于用户体验的APP界面设计研究

目的 探讨符合用户体验的APP界面设计策略,为今后APP界面设计提供参考,更好地满足用户的需求。方法 对用户体验进行简要分析、了解之后,结合案例,并基于用户需求、用户情感体验、用户心理状态、用户使用习惯等对APP界面设计展开探究。结论 要使APP受到用户的青睐,必须要了解用户需求,把握用户心理,根据用户习惯来设计。

将腐蚀与防护实验和国家重大工程衔接的课程思政案例设计

将胶州湾跨海大桥材料的腐蚀防护研究作为实际应用案例引入物理化学实验教学。通过结合工程实际改进实验,增加了相关材料在不同腐蚀介质中的腐蚀行为研究等内容,对相关材料及几类防护措施的防护效果进行了比较研究。实验将原物理化学实验中涉及的线性扫描伏安(极化曲线测量)和电化学阻抗方法进行了组合,对Q235和Q275两种合金钢、锌合金和镁合金两种牺牲阳极材料、无涂层和有环氧涂层的钢铁在模拟海水和真实海水两种电解质溶液环境中的腐蚀性能和防护效果进行了研究。改进后的实验可以增强学生学以致用的意识,增强他们对工程问题的综合性和复杂性的认识,还可以培养团队意识和合作能力,通过培养腐蚀防护意识和绿色环保意识强化学生的学科素养和社会责任感。