Mechanical Behaviour Modelling of an Mg-Stabilized Zirconia Reinforced TRIP-Matrix-Composite under Cold Working Conditions

In the present work, a new method to predict the stress-strain curves for three-phase materials has been developed. It was applied using the example of an Mg-stabilized zirconia reinforced TRIP-matrix-composite. The content of the ceramic phase was varied between 5% and 20%, whereas the particle size of the ceramic was selected to be 30 to 50 μm. The method is a further development of mixture rule for multiphase materials with more than two microstructure components. The prediction results were compared with the original method of mixture rule and with the IsoE-method. It is shown that the new method significantly improves the convergence compared to the standard method for mixture rule, even though it does not reach the accuracy of IsoE-method. Furthermore, there is an improvement of predicted convergence for large values of the total stress. Finally, a working map was designed for a quick graphical definition of the objective functions.

Evaluating Behavioural Modelling Predictions in the Blue Shark (Prionace glauca) Enables Greater Insight on Habitat Use from Location only Argos Data

The relationship between habitat and behaviour provides important information for species management.For large,free roaming,marine animals satellite tags provide high resolution information on movement,but such datasets are restricted due to cost.Extracting additional biologically important information from these data would increase utilisation and value.Several modelling approaches have been developed to identify behavioural states in tracking data.The objective of this study was to evaluate a behavioural state prediction model for blue shark(Prionace glauca)ARGOS surface location-only data.The novel nature of the six SPLASH satellite tags used enabled behavioural events to be identified in blue shark dive data and accurately mapped spatio-temporally along respective surface location-only tracks.Behavioural states modelled along the six surface location-only tracks were then tested against observed behavioural events to evaluate the model’s accuracy.Results showed that the Behavioural Change Point Analysis(BCPA)model augmented with K means clustering analysis performed well for predicting foraging behaviour(correct 86%of the time).Prediction accuracy was lower for searching(52%)and travelling(63%)behaviour,likely related to the numerical dominance of foraging events in dive data.The model’s validation for predicting foraging behaviour justified its application to nine additional surface location-only(SPOT tag)tracks,substantially increasing the utilisation of expensive and rare data.Results enabled the critical behavioural state of foraging,to be mapped throughout the entire home range of blue sharks,allowing drivers of critical habitat to be investigated.This validation strengthens the use of such modelling to interpret historic and future datasets,for blue sharks but also other species,contributing to conservational management.

A traffic flow cellular automaton model to considering drivers' learning and forgetting behaviour

It is known that the commonly used NaSch cellular automaton （CA） model and its modifications can help explain the internal causes of the macro phenomena of traffic flow. However, the randomization probability of vehicle velocity used in these models is assumed to be an exogenous constant or a conditional constant, which cannot reflect the learning and forgetting behaviour of drivers with historical experiences. This paper further modifies the NaSch model by enabling the randomization probability to be adjusted on the bases of drivers＇ memory. The Markov properties of this modified model are discussed. Analytical and simulation results show that the traffic fundamental diagrams can be indeed improved when considering drivers＇ intelligent behaviour. Some new features of traffic are revealed by differently combining the model parameters representing learning and forgetting behaviour.

Critical behaviours and magnetic properties of three-dimensional bond and anisotropy dilution Blume-Capel model in the presence of an applied field

This paper studies the critical behaviours and magnetic properties of three-dimensional bond and anisotropy dilution Blume-Capel model （BCM） in the presence of an applied field within the effective field theory. The trajectory of tricritical point, reentrant transitions and degenerate patterns of anisotropy are obtained both for the bond and the anisotropy dilutions. The global phase diagrams demonstrate unusually reentrant phenomena. The temperature dependences of magnetization curves undergo remarkable spin glass behaviour at low temperatures, and transform from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism at high temperature in applied fields. Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility curve is in qualitative agreement with experimental result.

Customer Retention: Behaviour Perspective Model of Ghanaian Telecommunication Industry Using Multinomial Regression Analysis

To stay competitive, the mobile telecommunication companies spend millions of Ghana cedi each year on building long-term relationships with their customers. Marketing managers are constantly challenged with the problem of where to channel the limited resources in order to retain existing customers. This study approaches the customer retention problem in the mobile phone sector from a behavioural perspective, applying the Behavioural Perspective Model as the main analytical framework and further exploits some other factors that influence customer retention. The model includes a set of pre-behaviour and post-behaviour factors to study consumer choice, and explains its relevant drivers in a viable and comprehensive way, grounded in radical behaviourism. Data for the analysis were collected from tertiary students from Accra and Takoradi. Data collected were analysed using the multinomial regression technique. Analysis of the data revealed that the Behaviour setting factor is the only significant element in Behaviour Perspective Model. Further exploitation of behaviour situation revealed that the number of networks a customer uses, previous experience of a customer and customer’s intention are significant factors in determining customer retention in Ghana’s mobile telecommunication industry.

Behavioural Modelling of Corundum under the Effect of Porosity Rate

Corundum, which is a form of Alumina, is used to manufacture various components and mechanical, electrical and electronics parts. Known for its relatively high hardness, its other characteristics depend on the porosity rate that varies depending on the manufacturing process. One of the characteristics to consider is the tensile stress value changes in a standard test to failure as a function of applied force and porosity rate. In this study, for a better understanding of the effect of the two parameters, we used the statistical method of design of experiments that makes it possible to establish a mathematical model of the response, by which explains the effect of the two parameters in isolation from each other, then their effect simultaneously. Consequently, we can explain the mechanical behaviour of the porous corundum, with curves and graphs, and optimize the final result.

Characterization and Modelling of High Temperature Flow Behaviour of V Modified 2.25Cr-1Mo Heat Resistant Steel Plate

In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and the strain rates from 0.01s^-1 to 1 s^-1 on Thermecmastor-Z equipment. Based on the experimental data of the hot compression tests, a kind of Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed.The equation can accurately show the relationship between the flow stress and the deformation temperature, the strain and the strain rate. The measured true stress-true strain curves exhibit two kinds of flow stress curves. Moreover, the forming mechanisms of these two types curves were explained by softening, wok hardening theory as well as metallographic and hardness experimental results. The accuracy of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation was identified by three kinds of statistic parameters and also by comparison of the measured and predicted data. The reasonable value of the three types of statistic parameters and the good agreement between the experimental and predicted data can confirm the validity of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation for V modified 2.25 Cr-1 Mo heat resistant steel plate.

System dynamics of behaviour-evolutionary mix-game models

In real financial markets there are two kinds of traders： one is fundamentalist, and the other is a trend-follower. The mix-game model is proposed to mimic such phenomena. In a mix-game model there are two groups of agents： Group 1 plays the majority game and Group 2 plays the minority game. In this paper, we investigate such a case that some traders in real financial markets could change their investment behaviours by assigning the evolutionary abilities to agents： if the winning rates of agents are smaller than a threshold, they will join the other group; and agents will repeat such an evolution at certain time intervals. Through the simulations, we obtain the following findings： （i） the volatilities of systems increase with the increase of the number of agents in Group 1 and the times of behavioural changes of all agents; （ii） the performances of agents in both groups and the stabilities of systems become better if all agents take more time to observe their new investment behaviours; （iii） there are two-phase zones of market and non-market and two-phase zones of evolution and non-evolution; （iv） parameter configurations located within the cross areas between the zones of markets and the zones of evolution are suited for simulating the financial markets.

Catastrophe Theory Models for Stress-dependent Behaviour in a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

The measurements by Huibin XU et al of the stress-dependence ot hysteresis in a NiTi shape memo ry alloy are modeled by catastrophe theory. The cusp catastrophe is used with the strain as the behaviour variable and the control parameters being functions of the stress and the temperature. A two constant model is found to be preferred to a four constant model.

Investigation of mechanical behaviour of a quasi-brittle material using Karagozian and Case concrete (KCC) model

The mechanical behaviour of a quasi-brittle material,i.e.Pietra Serena sandstone,was investigated both numerically and experimentally in order to build a reliable numerical modelling system applicable to more complex cases.The Karagozian and Case concrete(KCC)model was exploited as the material constitutive law and a new method to utilise this model for efficient and accurate simulation of quasibrittle materials is discussed.The capability of this model is evaluated by comparing the results of the numerical simulations with the corresponding experimental results,and the method itself is critically assessed.

Unusual Behaviour of Dislocation Velocity Exponent in Dislocation Multiplication Model

The chaotic behaviour of dislocation multiplication process was investigated. The change of Lyapunov exponent which is used to determine the stability of quasi-periodic and chaotic behavior as well as that of equilibrium points, and periodic solution was reported by using an iteration model of dislocation multiplication. An unusual behavior of Lyapunov exponent and Feigenbaum exponent which respond to the geometric convergence of orbit from bifurcation to chaos was shown by dislocation velocity exponent m and there is a distinction on the tendency of convergence for the dislocation multiplication model when it was compared with logistic map. It is reasonable for the difference to be analyzed from the materials viewpoint. (Edited author abstract) 9 Refs.

ICU护理人文关怀障碍及促进因素的质性研究

目的了解ICU护士实践护理人文关怀的真实体验,分析其实践的障碍及促进因素,以期为提高护理人文关怀质量提供依据。方法采用目的抽样,于2023年3月—4月对长沙市3所三级甲等医院的23名ICU护士进行半结构访谈,应用能力、机会、动机、行为模型及主题分析法进行资料收集、整理和提炼主题。结果ICU护士实践护理人文关怀受到能力、机会和动机三方面影响。能力方面,人文关怀素养、知识和技能不足是主要障碍;机会方面,工作强度高和人文循证实践不足,影响ICU护士人文关怀实践的条件和机会;动机方面,人文关怀意识和信心不足是主要障碍因素,而强烈的职业责任感、患者及家属的正向反馈、良好的团队合作氛围则是促进因素。结论推进ICU护理人文关怀过程中,需重视护士对人文关怀理念、知识和技能的培训需求,制订并实施人文关怀管理规范和评价制度,并创造支持人文关怀实践的组织氛围及环境,以期提升ICU护理人文关怀临床实践。

基于改进SlowFast模型的设施黄瓜农事行为识别方法

[目的/意义]农事行为活动识别对设施蔬菜生产精准化调控有着重要意义,在一定程度上可以通过查看农事操作的时间、操作过程是否合理来减少因农事行为不当导致产量下降。为了解决农事行为识别方法中由于黄瓜叶片和设施遮挡导致识别准确率不高的问题,提出一种名为SlowFast-SMC-ECA (SlowFast-Spatio-Temporal Excitation、Channel Excitation、Motion Excitation-Efficient Channel Attention)的农事活动行为识别算法。[方法]该算法主要基于SlowFast模型,通过改进Fast Pathway和Slow Pathway中的网络结构来提高对于农事活动中手部动作特征和关键特征的提取能力。在Fast Pathway中,引入多路径激励残差网络的概念,通过在信道之间插入卷积操作来增强它们在时域上的相互关联性,从而更好地捕捉快速运动信息的细微时间变化。在Slow Pathway中,将传统的Residual Block替换为ECA-Res结构,以提高对通道信息的捕获能力。这两项改进有效地加强了通道之间的联系,提升了特征之间的语义信息传递,进而显著提升了农事行为识别的准确率。此外,为了解决数据集中类别不均衡的问题,设计了平衡损失函数(Smoothing Loss),通过引入正则化系数,平衡损失函数可以有效地处理数据集中的类别不均衡情况,提高模型在各个类别上的表现。[结果和讨论]改进的SlowFast-SMC-ECA模型在农事行为识别中表现出良好的性能,各类行为的平均识别精度达到80.47%,相较于原始的SlowFast模型有约3.5%的提升。[结论]本研究在农事行为识别中展现出良好的性能。这对农业生产的智能化管理和决策具有重要意义。

对氯苯丙氨酸建立失眠模型行为学评价方法的研究

目的 通过观察对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)失眠大鼠模型在造模成功后一周内,各类行为学实验中的学习记忆能力改变,验证PCPA失眠模型稳定性。方法 30只SD大鼠随机均分为空白组和模型组,空白组正常饲养,对模型组大鼠腹腔注射PCPA建立失眠模型,建模后第1周进行Morris水迷宫实验等5项大鼠行为学监测。结果 与空白组比较,模型组大鼠睡眠潜伏期显著延长(P<0.01),睡眠持续时间显著缩短(P<0.01);在水迷宫实验中,模型组大鼠寻台时间延长(P<0.01);巴恩斯迷宫实验中,模型组大鼠测试探索期的目标洞口停留总时间显著缩短(P<0.01);避暗实验中,模型组错误次数增多(P<0.05),且潜伏期显著延长(P<0.01);高架十字迷宫实验中,模型组大鼠开臂停留时间显著缩短(P<0.01);旷场实验显示模型组大鼠在中央区域的停留时间、直立次数和运动总距离均低于空白组,其中中央区域的停留时间具有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论 PCPA失眠模型具有较高的可重复性和稳定性,可以作为睡眠和记忆相关研究的基础模型。

面向脱轨后被动安全防护的转向架结构优化

为了验证和优化列车转向架部件的脱轨后被动安全防护效果,提出基于多边形接触模型的列车脱轨后接触建模方法,并建立列车脱轨后动力学模型,模拟不同结构参数组合下的列车脱轨后运行行为。将所得横移量和结构参数组合作为反向传播神经网络模型的训练样本,拟合两者之间的非线性关系,采用基于锦标赛选择的自适应遗传算法搜索横移量最小解及其对应的参数组合。以拖车制动盘优化问题为例,运用该优化模型进行结构参数优化。研究结果表明:在100 km/h脱轨速度下,制动盘的最优结构参数组合的半径为335 mm、厚度为80 mm、安装位置为320 mm;与原设计相比,车辆脱轨后横移量减少80.2%,大幅度提高了制动盘被动安全防护能力。本文所提出的建模方法和优化模型可推广应用于其他列车结构的脱轨后被动安全防护能力优化和验证,具有较大的工程实用价值。

大熊猫国家公园旅游经营者碳补偿行为影响因素

【目的】国家公园是开展生态旅游的重要场所,如何平衡国家公园碳补偿与旅游经济发展之间的关系以促进双碳目标的实现,是国家公园建设面临的重要问题。旅游经营者是国家公园旅游活动重要的参与者,了解国家公园旅游经营者碳补偿行为的影响因素,有效引导其中和或减少二氧化碳的排放量,对促进我国国家公园高质量发展和生态文明建设有着重大意义。【方法】引入计划行为理论和规范激活理论,采用结构方程模型,使用SPSS 26.0和AMOS 24.0软件,对大熊猫国家公园旅游经营者碳补偿行为的影响因素进行了实证分析。【结果】研究结果表明:①大熊猫国家公园旅游经营者的碳补偿行为受理性和道德双重因素的驱动,即主观规范、责任归属及知觉行为控制正向影响其碳补偿行为,其中主观规范对碳补偿行为的影响最大,责任归属和知觉行为控制次之;②态度、个人规范、结果意识负向影响旅游经营者碳补偿行为;③在主观规范对大熊猫国家公园旅游经营者碳补偿行为影响中态度起中介作用,个人规范在责任归属、结果意识及主观规范对旅游经营者碳补偿行为影响中起中介作用。【结论】基于大熊猫国家公园旅游经营者碳补偿行为影响关系的角度,从理念培养、社会规范、行为内化、结果激励4个方面提出相应的管理政策,以促进我国国家公园生态旅游可持续发展和实现区域碳中和。

老年人烹饪行为基础研究对厨房适老化设计的启示

我国人口老龄化的加剧和人们对高品质生活空间的向往要求住宅设计向更精准、科学的方向发展,对居住行为的研究可为住宅优化设计提供新的启示。文章基于人因工程学视角开展基础研究,观测并采集老年人烹饪行为,搭建空间行为模型,对比分析老年人行为特征,探究其与厨房空间布局、家具设施之间的关系,为厨房适老化设计提供科学依据。

黔东南侗族传统村落空间形态对旅游者足迹行为影响研究

乡村振兴背景下,传统村落旅游蓬勃发展。关注旅游者的足迹行为对传统村落的旅游发展至关重要。本文以黔东南侗族传统村落为例,从调试人地关系的角度构建空间认知逻辑框架,运用多源数据和MNL方法建立传统村落空间形态对旅游者足迹行为的影响模型,通过量化分析侗族传统村落空间形态与旅游者足迹行为之间的耦合关系,为黔东南传统村落的旅游地供给与旅游者需求之间寻求更加平衡的关系,以期对传统村落动态保护传承发展旅游提供参考。研究发现:(1)村落旅游资源发展空间有限且不协调,旅游配套服务设施与旅游者足迹行为出现错位,究其本质是空间主体的多元化;(2)侗族传统村落空间形态加强了功能性核心空间的旅游集聚效应,路网渗透性较差,村落边缘旅游景点缺失。面对侗族传统村落空间旅游发展的滞后性,宜促成多元主体合作,均衡主体间构想、现实与生活空间的“真实性”与“商品化”。

基于行为转变理论的护理干预对宫颈癌手术患者的影响

目的探讨基于行为转变理论的护理干预模式在宫颈癌手术治疗患者中的应用效果。方法选择2019年6月—2022年6月医院收治的宫颈癌手术患者60例为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为对照组与观察组,各30例。对照组进行常规护理,观察组采用基于行为转变理论的护理干预模式。比较两组患者护理干预前和护理干预3个月后认知行为、性生活质量、癌因性疲乏程度(CFS)、自我效能水平评分和满意度及依从性。结果护理干预前,两组患者认知行为、性生活质量、CFS、自我效能水平评分的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。护理干预3个月后,观察组患者认知行为、性欲望、性高潮、性行为及性满意度得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组CFS评分低于对照组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;自我责任感、自我概念、健康知识及自我护理技能评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者对护理方法、服务态度、护理效果的满意率及在遵医治疗、并发症预防、康复锻炼方面的依从率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于行为转变理论的护理干预模式用于宫颈癌手术治疗患者中,能改善患者认知行为,提升性生活质量和自我效能水平,降低癌因性疲乏程度,提高患者护理满意度和依从性。

基于行为安全“2-4”模型的港口企业伤亡事故原因研究

为了找出港口企业伤亡事故的主要致因,探索港口企业安全管理重心,以某港口企业发生过的30起伤亡事故作为案例,采用行为安全“2-4”模型,对导致事故的直接原因、间接原因、根本原因和根源原因进行分类统计与分析。分析结果表明:港口企业伤亡事故存在15类不安全动作和8类不安全物态,不按操作规程佩戴安全带、安全帽等劳保用品和设备设施缺陷、老旧、故障是最为突出的直接原因;安全意识、安全知识、安全习惯欠缺是导致事故的重要间接原因;事故的根本原因主要体现在缺乏安全规章制度、操作规程、作业指导书和无安全技术交底或不充分;引起事故的根源原因是安全文化的缺失。最后根据分析结果,提出了针对性的事故预防措施。