BDSec:Security Authentication Protocol for BeiDou-Ⅱ Civil Navigation Message

Due to the lack of authentication mechanism in BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS),BD-Ⅱ civil navigation message(BDⅡ-CNAV) are vulnerable to spoofing attack and replay attack.To solve this problem,we present a security authentication protocol,called as BDSec,which is designed by using China’s cryptography Shangyong Mima(SM) series algorithms,such as SM2/4/9 and Zu Chongzhi(ZUC)algorithm.In BDSec protocol,both of BDⅡ-CNAV and signature information are encrypted using the SM4 algorithm(Symmetric encryption mechanism).The encrypted result is used as the subject authentication information.BDSec protocol applies SM9 algorithm(Identity-based cryptography mechanism) to protect the integrity of the BDⅡ-CNAV,adopts the SM2 algorithm(Public key cryptosystem) to guarantee the confidentiality of the important session information,and uses the ZUC algorithm(Encryption and integrity algorithm) to verify the integrity of the message authentication serial number and initial information and the information in authentication initialization sub-protocol respectively.The results of the SVO logic reasoning and performance analysis show that BDSec protocol meets security requirements for the dual user identity authentication in BDS and can realize the security authentication of BDⅡ-CNAV.

Data-Driven Heuristic Assisted Memetic Algorithm for Efficient Inter-Satellite Link Scheduling in the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

Inter-satellite link(ISL)scheduling is required by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)to guarantee the system ranging and communication performance.In the BDS,a great number of ISL scheduling instances must be addressed every day,which will certainly spend a lot of time via normal metaheuristics and hardly meet the quick-response requirements that often occur in real-world applications.To address the dual requirements of normal and quick-response ISL schedulings,a data-driven heuristic assisted memetic algorithm(DHMA)is proposed in this paper,which includes a high-performance memetic algorithm(MA)and a data-driven heuristic.In normal situations,the high-performance MA that hybridizes parallelism,competition,and evolution strategies is performed for high-quality ISL scheduling solutions over time.When in quick-response situations,the data-driven heuristic is performed to quickly schedule high-probability ISLs according to a prediction model,which is trained from the high-quality MA solutions.The main idea of the DHMA is to address normal and quick-response schedulings separately,while high-quality normal scheduling data are trained for quick-response use.In addition,this paper also presents an easy-to-understand ISL scheduling model and its NP-completeness.A seven-day experimental study with 10080 one-minute ISL scheduling instances shows the efficient performance of the DHMA in addressing the ISL scheduling in normal(in 84 hours)and quick-response(in 0.62 hour)situations,which can well meet the dual scheduling requirements in real-world BDS applications.

Design of Space-based PNT System Based on BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

BeiDou navigation satellite system(the BeiDou system) is the only PNT(Positioning, Navigation and Tim-ing) resource in China that has coverage of the globe and near-Earth space and provides continuous high-precision,low-cost positioning, navigation and timing solutions for users in a unified spatio-temporal benchmark. As an importantspatio-temporal benchmark transmission system, the BeiDou system is the most important resource for the nationalPNT system to provide a PNT capability under a unified spatial-temporal benchmark. This paper proposes the con-cept, composition and development model of the space-based PNT system design based on the BeiDou system withall its space characteristics, as well as the advantages of the system. It opens up a new direction for the construction ofChina's PNT system and expands a new horizon in the research of a PNT system in China.

BeiDou Regional Navigation Satellite System Completed

As the 16th BeiDou navigation satellite was successfully launched into space at 23:33 Beijing Time from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XSLC) on October 25, 2012, China completed the construction of the BeiDou Regional Navigation Satellite System that starts to officially provide services for most parts of the Asia-Pacific region from December 27. The 16th BeiDou navigation satellite, the last one for the regional BeiDou system, was developed by China Academy of Space Technology under CASC.

Application and Prospect of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in the Transportation Industry

The transportation industry is one of the largest users of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS),characterized by multiple locations,long lines,wide range,and extensive mobility.The application of BDS in the transportation industry improves the development level of intelligent,safe,green and shared transportation.Based on the introduction of the application requirements and characteristics of BDS in the transportation industry,this paper systematically introduces the overall status of BDS in the transportation industry,covering highways,waterways,railways,civil aviation,and the postal service.Finally,the paper forecasts future applications of BDS in the field of transportation.It identifies within the transportation industry rich application scenarios for the cultivation of advanced technologies represented by BDS,enhancing transportation safety services and guaranteeing emergency communication,while improving the operation efficiency and management level of an integrated transportation system.

China Launches the 11th BeiDou Satellite in Navigation Satellite System

China launched the 11th BeiDou navigation satellite in their BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.The satellite was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province on a LM-3C rocket at 0:12 on February 25 (Beijing time) and was put into the predetermined transfer orbit successfully.The geostationary satellite is the first BeiDou navigation satellite launched in 2012 for the

The 10th BeiDou 2 Navigation Satellite Flew into Space

LM launch vehicles established a new record by successfully performing the 16th successful flight this year.A LM-3A launched the 10th BeiDou 2 satellite into its predetermined transfer orbit on December 2 from the XSLC in Sichuan Province.

Networking of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Accelerated with Two New Members

At 4:50 on April 30, China's LM-3B/I rocket, an improved type based on LM-3B, made its debut at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center and successfully sending the 12th and 13th BeiDou Navigation Satellite System satellites into the planned transfer orbit in space. It was the first time that China launched two BeiDou satellites with one rocket. It was

New Regional Satellite Positioning Constellation Scheme Discussion

The characteristics of present “Beidou” satellite positioning system are analyzed. In order to perfect our country regional satellite positioning system, the idea of “Beidou” geosychronous earth orbit （GEO） satellites combined with some middle earth orbit （MEO） satellites constellation is put forward. The details of general satellite constellation optimized method are described, using this method the multiple positioning constellation design results are gained. And those results belong to two type of sehems, one is 2 GEO plus some MEO satellites and the other is 3 GEO plus some MEO satellites. Through simulation and comparison, among those multiple design results, final optimized regional positioning constellation is given. In order to check the chosen constellation cover performance, the position dilution of preeision（PDOP） is calculated, and with ,satellite constellation simulation software Satlab many coverage performances of the chosen constellation substellar point track, elevation, azimuth and visible satellites number changing situation are also simulated.

A Dual-Satellite GNSS Positioning Algorithm of High Accuracy in Incomplete Condition

Global navigation satellite system could provide accurate positioning results in signal complete condition. However, the performance is severe when signal denied, especially for the single-mode Bei Dou receiver. This paper proposes a dual-satellite positioning algorithm to promote the positioning performance in the satellite signal gap. The new algorithm utilizes the previous positioning data stored in complete condition to simplify the positioning equations. As the clock bias persists for a short period, this proposed method could work out accurate positioning results by only two visible satellites, without the need of computing the clock bias. Also, the Kalman filtering algorithm is used to smooth the trajectories, and improve the positioning results. During the incomplete period, only two satellites for 30 seconds and three satellites for 60 seconds, the preliminary experiment result shows that, the presented method could provide almost the same positioning results as in complete condition.

基于铁路带状北斗CORS的网络RTK测量精度分析

为研究和拓展北斗导航系统在铁路工程测量中的应用,利用BDS系统技术优势解决山区铁路测量定位难题。基于某山区铁路建立带状北斗连续运行参考站系统(以下简称“北斗CORS系统”)和高精度位置服务云平台。采用国产多星多频测量型接收机进行控制点数据采集工作,分别对比基于北斗CORS系统的单BDS、单GPS以及GNSS混合星历网络RTK观测数据以及传统基站形式的RTK观测数据的测量精度。结果表明:(1)铁路带状北斗高精度位置服务云平台网络RTK定位功能稳定可靠;(2)基于北斗CORS系统的网络RTK测量方法仅需进行高程曲面拟合,按3s采集的成果精度即可满足铁路测量规范中网络RTK中线测量、断面测量、施工放样、像控测量的精度要求,测量时应尽量采用同类型的设备并采用同精度观测方法以保证重复测量精度,也可通过增加观测时长、在局部区域利用既有高程控制点做高程校正的方式提高测量精度;(3)基于北斗CORS系统的网络RTK测量平面和高程内符合精度限差可分别设定为1.7 cm和2 cm,外符合精度可分别设定为2.2 cm和5 cm。

北斗导航卫星系统在水利行业的应用与展望

北斗导航卫星系统是我国重要的时空基础设施,建设以来已经广泛应用于社会经济多个领域。智慧水利是新阶段水利高质量发展的最显著标志和6条实施路径之一,北斗导航卫星系统为智慧水利提供了强大的技术支撑,为数字孪生水利建设提供了重要的时空基准和高精度的位置及通信服务。从北斗导航卫星系统的功能视角,选择水利工程变形监测、水利巡检、水文监测数据传输等典型应用场景,分析了北斗导航卫星系统的应用现状;同时,还讨论了北斗遥感技术在水位监测、土壤水分反演和大气水汽反演等方面的应用情况;最后,展望了北斗系统在水利领域的发展趋势,指出其应用场景和领域将持续拓展、应用规模将不断增长,以及与新技术融合应用将不断增强,随着北斗导航卫星系统技术的持续创新和应用范围的进一步扩大,北斗导航卫星系统在未来水利行业中将发挥越来越重要的作用,它将成为加快水利新质生产力、推动水利高质量发展的重要推力。

北斗三号系统PPP-RTK技术在车辆自动驾驶应用可行性研究

卫星导航定位技术是支撑车辆自动驾驶的关键技术,北斗三号全球卫星导航系统建成开通,使得基于北斗三号系统的PPP-RTK技术具备了各行各业广泛应用的基础。本文从PPP-RTK技术本身的发展和车辆定位系统等方面开展论述,对PPP-RTK技术在车辆自动驾驶中应用的可能性进行探究。

基于北斗系统的地表与地下一体式沉降监测新方法

为实现对地质灾害易发区地表沉降与地下沉降的同步、实时、自动监测,研发了基于北斗系统的地质体地表与地下一体化沉降监测新方法。该方法融合了北斗系统、静力水准仪、分层沉降标等沉降监测技术,监测原理如下:在稳定区域设置北斗基准点,在监测区域设置工作基点与监测点;工作基点处的北斗卫星接收机与静力水准仪安装至同一桩上,北斗卫星接收机观测工作基点处静力水准仪的绝对沉降;监测点处的静力水准仪与分层沉降标同轴连接,分层沉降标将深层沉降引至地面由静力水准仪观测;北斗系统与静力水准系统同步采集数据,数据经时间同步后分别得到工作基点和监测点的绝对沉降量。该新方法成功解决了大面积沉降监测中面临的非稳定工作基点校测问题,实现了对地质体地表与地下沉降的远程和实时监测。

广播星历旋转误差对低轨星载BDS-3/GPS实时精密定轨影响分析

基于LT-01A卫星星载BDS-3/GPS观测值进行了星载实时精密定轨研究,并重点分析了广播星历旋转误差对实时定轨精度的影响。通过赫尔默特转换评估了所选时段内GPS和BDS-3广播星历轨道旋转误差,显示BDS-3广播星历旋转误差可达-8.7 mas,平均量级较GPS大约2.5倍。BDS-3广播星历经旋转改正后,轨道切向、法向均方根(RMS)误差从25 cm左右提升至10 cm量级,提升幅度超过50%。因此,基于星载BDS-3以及BDS-3/GPS联合的实时定轨精度受BDS-3星历旋转误差影响严重,且主要作用于切向和法向。经过旋转改正后,单独BDS-3实时定轨在切向、法向、径向RMS分别为21.0 cm、10.7 cm及11.2 cm,其切向和法向精度比改正前分别提升15.0%和31.8%;BDS-3与GPS联合定轨进一步提升切向精度至19.4 cm。得益于BDS-3广播星历较高的精度,单BDS-3以及BDS-3/GPS联合的实时定轨在旋转改正前的三维RMS分别为31.9 cm和29.2 cm,较单GPS实时定轨分别提升9.1%和16.8%;添加旋转改正后,其定轨精度分别提升至26.7 cm和25.0 cm,较单GPS实时定轨分别提升22.6%和27.5%。

基于鲁棒双参数指数平滑法的BDS卫星钟差预报

为提高北斗(BDS)卫星钟差预报精度与稳定性,基于BDS卫星钟工作原理与数据特征,提出了一种基于鲁棒双参数指数平滑法的BDS卫星钟差预报方法。将双参数指数平滑法引入BDS钟差预报,并通过鲁棒化建模与优化初始值选取方式提升了双参数指数平滑法的抗差与适应能力,减小了数据异常干扰对钟差预报性能的影响。与常用的多项式模型、谱分析模型、灰色预测模型及超快速钟差预报产品进行对比分析,结果表明:所提方法适用于不同BDS轨道与类型的卫星钟差预报,取得了良好的预报精度与稳定性,其对BDS卫星钟的6h平均预报精度分别提升了40.3%、31.7%、63.6%和36.6%,预报稳定性分别提升了43.8%、38.9%、65.4%和33.1%。

北斗全球卫星导航系统工程技术与管理创新

北斗全球卫星导航系统由中国自主建设运行,具备向全球用户提供全天时、全天候、高精度定位、导航和授时服务能力,具有报文通信、国际搜救等功能。北斗全球卫星导航系统坚持“自主、开放、兼容、渐进”的发展原则,发挥新型举国体制优势,全面突破核心关键技术,创新发展工程管理模式,实现了国际卫星导航领域和我国航天领域的多个首创,提前半年完成建设,走出了一条符合我国国情、独具特色的国家超级工程发展道路。本文围绕北斗全球卫星导航系统任务要求,全面阐述工程任务组成、任务进程和系统应用,从“混合星座、通信导航融合、星间链路、导航信号、快速组网、核心产品国产化”等方面梳理系统技术特点与创新,并总结了北斗工程建设过程中组织、技术、进度、质量和运行服务等管理体系的创新举措。

基于Hatch滤波的改进矩阵变换法在BDS多频模糊度解算中的应用

长基线条件下,空间相关性弱,电离层延迟残差和噪声影响变大,致使矩阵变换法模糊度解算过程中,窄巷组合受噪声影响大,单历元模糊度解算成功率低。因此,削弱电离层残差及噪声影响可以一定程度提高模糊度解算成功率。本文在分析矩阵变换算法基础上,利用Hatch滤波有效抑制伪距测量噪声和多径效应特点,结合弱电离层、低噪声的载波组合,通过相位平滑伪距代替组合伪距值参与解算,从而削弱电离层残差及观测噪声影响。通过实测数据分析,本文算法可有效提高矩阵变换法模糊度解算成功率。

LEO多星座增强BDS精密单点定位性能评估

针对不同构型的低轨星座(LEO)增强北斗卫星导航系统BDS的精密单点定位PPP性能开展研究。通过IGS高、中、低纬度6测站实测数据、精密轨道及钟差产品,生成BDS、“鸿雁”HY、“微厘空间”CS精密星历、卫星钟差、观测量等实验仿真数据,构建了LEO增强BDS PPP数学模型,实现了BDS、BDS+HY、BDS+CS、BDS+HY+CS不同组合PPP。实验结果表明,在10、60 min静态PPP定位精度以及平均可视卫星数、PDOP值等方面均有不同程度的提升,HY对高纬度KIRU站改善效果显著,收敛时间减至2 min以内,CS对低纬度FAA1站测站收敛时间的提升最大,从46 min 50 s缩短至2 min,HY+CS增强BDS的效果最好,10 min定位精度均能达到毫米级,除FAA1站外其他测站均收敛在1 min以内。

Contribution of the Compass satellite navigation system to global PNT users

As one of the four global satellite navigation systems,Compass not only enhances satellite visibility and availability for positioning,navigation and timing (PNT) for users in China and the surrounding areas,but also improves PNT precision for global users.The improvements in satellite visibility and the dilution of precision are analyzed under GNSS compatibility and interoperation conditions.The contribution of the Compass satellite navigation system to global users,especially the benefits that users can acquire from the combination of Compass,GPS,GLONASS,and Galileo navigation systems,is analyzed using simulation data.