ORE FLUID GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE JINLONGSHAN CARLIN-TYPE GOLD ORE BELT IN SHAANXI PROVINCE, CHINA

The Jinlongshan gold ore belt in southern Shaanxi Province contains a number of Carlin-type gold deposits in the Qinling collisional orogenic belt. Their fluid inclusions are of the Na-Cl- type. From the main metallogenic stage to later stages, the total quantity of anions and cations, temperature and deoxidation parameter (R) for fluid inclusions all gradually decreased, suggesting the gradual intensification of fluid oxidation, the reduction of metallogenic depth and the input of meteoric water and organic components. The deposits were formed during crustal uplifting and hence had similar tectonic settings to orogenic gold deposits. The CO-2 contents and CO-2/H-2O values of the ore fluid increased from early to late stages, and the wall-rock alteration is represented by decarbonation, which is inconsistent with the characteristics of orogenic gold deposits. It is also discovered that Na, K, SO{2-}-4, Cl- and the total amounts of anions and cations in the inclusions in quartz are higher than those in the coexisting calcite. The H, O and C isotope ratios indicate that the ore fluid was sourced from meteoric water and metamorphic devolatilisation of the sedimentary rocks that host the ores. The high background {δ{}{18}O} and {δ{}{13}C} values of wall rocks resulted in high {δ{}{18}O} and {δ{}{13}C} values of ore fluid and also high {δ{}{18}O} and {δ{}{13}C} values of hydrothermal minerals such as quartz and carbonate. The carbon in ore fluid stemmed largely from the hosting strata. The {δ{}{18}O} and {δ{}{13}C} values of Fe-calcite and the δD values of fluid inclusions are lower than those of calcite and quartz. In terms of the theory of coordination chemistry, all these differences can be ascribed to water-rock interaction in the same fluid system, instead, to the multi-source of ore fluid.

Geochemical Types of Granitoids of the Mongol-Okhotsk Belt and Their Geodynamic Settings

The following geochemical types of granitoids have been investigated in the Mongol-Okhotsk belt:tholetitic,palingenic calc-alkaline,latitic,plumasitic and arpaitic rare-metal granites.Plagiogranites of the tholeiitic series occur within the Mongol-Okhotsk suture,indicating a subduction environment.The calc-alkaline granitoids responsible for the batholith-like intrusions and their formation are related to collision environments.The latest granitoids of the latite series and rare-metal granites came into existence after the collision of continental masses,providing evidence of intraplate magmatism.

Alteration and Mineralization Types of the Laurani Porphyry Deposit in Central-Andean Metallogenic Belt, Bolivia

1 Introduction The Laurani porphyry deposit is located in the Altiplano,an extensive North-South trending structural basin that formed in Central-Andean metallogenic belt,Bolivia.The Altiplano poly-metallic province contains sub-volcanic ore

DIWA TYPE OF GOLD MINERALIZATION IN THE YINSHAN-YANSHAN-LIAO-JI ORE BELT,CHINA

This studied gold ore belt is giant and very important in China. Its regional tectonics and evolutional process are complicated. There are a few of view points on its geotec-tonic attribute in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras and on the type of its some gold ore deposits, especially, on one hosted in the pre-diwa geological bodies. On the basis of the diwa theory, the author discussed the regionalization, and its evolutional process, and some features of diwa tectono-magmatism and diwa type of gold mineralization in this belt. The author proposed that(1)the main body zone is a part of the diwa regime in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, and(2)the diwa tectono-magmatism had a series of features such as universalism and violence, newborn, reform and superimposition, joining, inheritance, multiperiodic activity, complica-tion and so on. The gold mineralization formed in the diwa regime are called diwa type of golddeposits.In this paper the diwa type of endogenetic gold mineralization products hosted in the pre-diwa geological bodies in this zone is discussed in detail.

Marc有限元在Belt型两面顶模具应力分析中的应用

本文简要介绍了用于合成高品级金刚石工艺的Belt型两面顶装置的恶劣工作环境,以及模具的发展研究状况和相关技术瓶颈。简明概述了Marc软件强大的分析功能、程序结构特点以及接触问题的基本求解流程。以某一型号两面顶模具为例,利用Marc软件对其进行了建模计算,得到了模具的预应力分布,并采用Lame公式对计算结果进行了理论验证。

Belt型两面顶模具温度场和应力场有限元分析及钢带缠绕数值模拟初探

在人造金刚石合成工艺中,两面顶模具合成腔体内的压力和温度起着至关重要的作用。根据对叶蜡石力学和热学行为的研究,基于MSC.Marc非线性有限元软件,建立了压缸温度场和应立场的有限元模型,模型中考虑了热导率等物理参数随温度的变化规律。采用FORTRAN语言开发了适用于温度和压力边界条件加载的相应程序,获得了合成状态下压缸的温度场和应力场分布情况。由温度梯度引起的热应力数值较小,对压缸所产生的影响程度较小。压缸内壁径向应力达到5GPa,接近硬质合金极限抗压强度。轴向应力最大值1GPa,出现在压缸外壁中心处。同时还建立了钢带缠绕模具其动态缠绕过程的简化模型,采用一种修正的库仑摩擦边界条件,模拟了钢带的缠绕过程,获得了钢带缠绕层间的应力、应变分布情况。

Belt型超高压模具若干问题研究和降低金刚石生产成本的途径

本文研讨了提高Ｂｅｌｔ型模具寿命的若干关键技术。介绍了国外模具寿命、容积大小与金刚石生产成本的关系现状。指出了我国两面顶技术大幅度降低金刚石生产成本，提高模具寿命的途径。

Archaean Greenstone Belts in China

Chinese Achaean greenstone belts are mainly distributed along the northern and southwestern margins of the North China platform. In terms of their geological characteristics, the greenstone belts in China are comparable to those in other countries but at the same time have unique features of their own. In view of their geochemistry, the Chinese greenstone belts may be grouped into three types: the Jiapigou type, Qingyuan type and Xiaoqinling type. The greenstone belts were formed possibly in a rift-type palaeo-tectonic setting, similar to that of the modern island are-continental margin mobile belts.

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷2号构造带油气地球化学特征与来源

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷2号构造带具有多洼、多层系供烃的特征。为了揭示其复杂的油气来源,开展色谱-质谱等地化测试,分析原油地化特征,将原油分为3类,并确定每类原油的来源。结果表明:(1)Ⅰ类原油主要分布于西构造带沙三段储层中,原油中C27与C29规则甾烷相对含量接近,孕甾烷参数((孕甾烷+升孕甾烷)/规则甾烷)和甾烷异构化参数(C29甾烷20S/(20R+20S)、C29甾烷ββ/(αα+ββ))较高,具有水生生物和高等植物共同输入特征,原油成熟度高,来源于沙三段烃源岩;(2)Ⅱ类原油主要分布于西构造带东二段储层中,原油中C29规则甾烷含量具明显优势,孕甾烷参数和甾烷异构化参数均低,原油母质中高等植物具有明显优势,原油成熟度整体偏低,来源于沙一段—东三段烃源岩;(3)Ⅲ类原油主要分布于东构造带东三段和西构造带东一段和明化镇组储层中,原油中C29规则甾烷具有一定优势,孕甾烷参数较低,甾烷异构化参数较高,以高等植物输入为主,原油成熟度较高,为3套烃源岩的混合来源;(4)原油4-/1-MDBT和Ts/Tm指数具有沿断层向浅部层系减小的趋势,且原油甲基菲换算的镜质体反射率与下覆烃源岩镜质体反射率一致,表明研究区原油具有原地供烃的特点。本研究成果为研究区的浅层精细勘探及深层勘探提供理论指导。

U-Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry and kinetics of the Huaniushan A-type granite in Northwest China

The Huaniushan granite is located at the Beishan orogenic belt, northwestern China. At the contact zone between the granite and marble, a hydrothermal Pb-Zn and skarn Au deposit is formed. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 229.5±2.6 Ma (MSDW=0.93) for the Huaniushan granite, imply-ing its Late Triassic intrusion. Geochemistry analyses show that the Huaniushan granite is enriched in Si, K, Na, and REE, and depleted in Mg and Ca, with contents of SiO2 (70.8% to 74.4%), Na2O+K2O (8.8% to 10.2%), CaO (0.93% to 1.44%), and MgO (0.14% to 0.48%). REE is characterized by obvious negative Eu anomaly. Rb, Th, U, K, Pb, Nb, Zr and Hf elements are rich in the granite while Ba, Sr, P, Ti and Eu are deplete. The granite has a high (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y) abundance and 104 Ga/Al ratios. Petrology, major and trace elements data all indicate that the Hua-niushan granite is A-type granite which intruded in a post-collisional extensional tectonic setting. The magma was dominantly sourced from partial melting of crustal intermediate-felsic igneous rocks. Intensive magmatic activities and Au-Cu-Mo mineralization occurred throughout the Beishan orogenic belt during the period from ca. 240 to 220 Ma.

Geochronology and geochemistry of Late Carboniferous dykes in the Aqishan-Yamansu belt,eastern Tianshan:Evidence for a post-collisional slab breakoff

With aim of providing constraints on the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB),an integrated study was conducted on the geochronological and geochemical data for dioritic,granitic and diabase dykes from the Aqishan-Yamansu belt in the eastern Tianshan,NW China.Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the dioritic and granitic dykes were both emplaced in the Late Carboniferous(~311 Ma and^315 Ma).The dioritic dykes show adakitic characteristics and have high Na2 O and positiveεHf(t)values(+12 to+17),which suggest an origin from partial melts of a subducted oceanic slab.The granitic dykes have high SiO2 and K2 O contents and are characterized by en riched light rare earth elements(LREE)and slightly flat heavy rare earth elements(HREE),with negative Eu and Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies.These dykes are alkali-calcic and show geochemical features of highly fractionated Itype granites.Their positiveεHf(t)values(+16 to+17)suggest that they were derived from a juvenile accreted oceanic crustal sou rce.The coeval diabase dykes have low SiO2 and K2 O contents but high TiO2,MgO and Mg#(54-59).They are enriched in LREE and show characteristics of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts(E-MORB).The relatively high Ba/Th,slightly low Th/Ta ratios,and negative Nb-Ta anomalies imply a mantle source metasomatised by slab-derived fluids.Thus,these basic dykes were generated likely by partial melting of the upwelling asthenosphere mantle with a slight influence of slab-derived fluids.Therefore,we suggest that the formation of these Late Carboniferous dykes were triggered by a post-collisional slab breakoff and the Aqishan-Yamansu belt was a continental arc formed by southdipping subduction of the Kangguer oceanic plate.

Oil source and accumulation in the overthrust belt in the Ke-Bai region,Junggar Basin,west China

The region around the Karamay-Baikouquan （Ke-Bai） overthrust belt is the richest in hydrocarbon accumulation in the Junggar Basin. Previous research has indicated that oil in the region came from the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Depression to the northeast of the region, but the oil distribution around the Mahu Depression is remarkably uneven. Large amounts of oil have been found in the Ke-Bai overthrust belt to the west of the depression and only some small oilfields have been discovered in the eastern margin of the depression. This uneven distribution revealed that the oil source of the Ke- Bai region might not be from the Mahu Depression. The oil type distribution and the oil migration pattern revealed in this paper showed that there may be another oil source under the Karamay overthrust. Based on geochemical data, the oil was classified into two types from the sterane and terpane characteristics. Type A oil was mainly distributed in the Huwan area and blocks V and VIII of the Karamay Oilfield in the southern part of the region, while type B oil was mainly distributed in the Baikouquan Oilfield in the northern part of the region. In addition, oil migration pathways and direction were determined by the values of diasterane / regular sterane and C30 moretane / C30 hopane ratios. It is shown that the oil of Huwan area on the hanging wall of the overthrust was mainly charged along the overthrust fault surfaces and then migrated to the west, whereas the oil in blocks V and VIII on the foot wall of the overthrust came from the Mahu Depression in the east. As a result, there may be at least two hydrocarbon source kitchens in the study area. The hydrocarbons in the blocks V and VIII on the footwall of the overthrust belt and in the Baikouquan Oilfield mainly came from the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Depression, and the hydrocarbons in the Huwan area on the hanging wall of the overthrust belt may come from another hydrocarbon source kitchen below the overthrust. This recognition indicates that there is substantial exploration potential in the deep Carboniferous strata on the hanging wall of the overthrust belt.

Early Permian A-type Granites in the Zhangdaqi Area, Inner Mongolia, China and Their Tectonic Implications

There is a controversy regarding the amalgamation of Xing’an and Songnen Blocks along the Hegenshan-Heihe Suture(HHS)in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).To solve this problem,we performed detailed study on the granites from the Zhangdaqi area,adjacent to the north of the HHS in the northern part of the Great Xing’an Range,NE China.Geochemically,the granites in the study area are metaluminous-weak peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline series.Trace elements of the granites show that LREEs are relatively enriched,while HREEs are relatively deficient and obvious REE fractionation.The granites are characterized by obvious negative Eu anomalies,meanwhile,they are relatively enriched in Rb,K,Th and depleted in Ba,Nb,Sr,P,Ti.All the geochemical features suggest that the granites in the Zhangdaqi area are aluminum A-type granites.The zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of these granites are 294-298 Ma,indicating that they formed in the Early Permian.These granites also have positiveεHf(t)values(8.4-14.2)and a relatively young two-stage model age between 449 Ma and 977 Ma,implying that the magma was derived from the re-melting of the Early Paleozoic-Neoproterozoic juvenile crust.Combined with geochemical characteristics(Nb/Ta ratios of 9.0-22.2,and Zr/Hf ratios of 52.3-152.0),we believe that the magmatic source area is a mixture of partial melting of the lower crust and depleted mantle.A-type granites and bimodal volcanic rocks along the Hegenshan-Heihe Suture formed during the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian,indicating that the HHS between Xing’an and Songnen Blocks closed in the late EarlyCarboniferous.Subsequently,the Zhangdaqi area was in a post-orogenic extensional environment from Late Carboniferous to Early Permian and resulted in the formation of the A-type granites.

海温异常对长江流域夏季典型旱涝的影响研究

为研究长江流域夏季旱涝特征及其与海温异常之间的关联性,基于中国326个气象站降水量、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,采用合成分析、EOF分解等方法,分析了长江流域夏季典型旱涝年的降水分布、同期大气环流及前期海温特征,并以2018年为例,初步揭示了2018年前期海温异常对大气环流的可能影响。结果表明:①长江流域夏季典型旱年,仅嘉陵江和岷沱江会表现出局部偏涝,全国为典型的Ⅰ类雨型,多雨区位于黄河流域及以北地区。前期冬季赤道太平洋表现出类拉尼娜的东冷西暖分布,同时黑潮区海温偏低,西风漂流区海温偏暖。受多海域协同作用,同期欧亚环流场上自西北向东南呈现出“+-+”三极型分布,东亚地区为自北向南“-+-”的EAP负位相。长江流域典型涝年,全国多为典型的Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类雨型,环流及海温呈现出相反特征。②2018年为典型的长江中下游偏旱年,仅在岷沱江降水偏多近3成,为历史第4多,与长江流域夏季降水的主模态正位相类似,解释方差达24%。③2018年前冬出现弱拉尼娜、春末夏初西风漂流区异常偏暖、NAT异常正位相,三者共同作用,使得东亚副热带西风急流偏北,东亚沿岸出现EAP负位相,大陆热低压明显偏强,东亚夏季风为1961年以来最强,同时副高脊线最北,造成夏季降水主雨带北推至华北、西北地区,岷沱江、嘉陵江异常多,而长江中下游异常少,为典型的Ⅰ类雨型。研究成果可为长江流域旱涝预测、水资源调度提供参考。

二轴摩擦型V带传动工作过程分析与带速选择

引入梯形中位线定理,以几何图形和胡克定律对各力之间关系,进行了清晰的阐述。提出了有效拉力释放系数Hα的概念,定义了常规因子K_(1),提供了一种最大有效拉力的计算方法,通过比例系数Xα证明了Hα的适用性和准确性。绘制了综合性能曲线图,探讨了紧边极限拉力F_(1)、松边极限拉力F_(2)、最大有效拉力F_(ec)、最大功率P_(0)等随带速v的变化规律。给出了最大应力与功率曲线图,阐明了最佳带速的选择方法、任意包角α0下最大功率P_(0)的计算方法,定义了安全系数S_(0)。

油菜基质块移栽机苗床带整备装置设计与试验

针对现有油菜基质块苗移栽机开沟装置作业存在沟宽稳定性差、沟底面平整度低、土壤扰动大等现象,导致立苗率低、覆土作业难度大等问题,基于船式开沟器腔体大以及芯铧式开沟器作业构建宽苗床、平沟底特点,结合类铧式曲面衔接过度,设计了一种适用于油菜基质块苗移栽机苗床构建的苗床带整备装置。建立了土壤与整备装置互作力学模型,确定了苗床带整备装置构建稳定苗床的主要结构参数。以整备装置作业速度、作业深度、类铧式曲面前端宽度、刃口角为因素,以土壤扰动量、沟宽变异系数为评价指标,利用EDEM开展四因素三水平二次正交组合仿真试验,试验结果显示:作业深度为41 mm、作业速度为0.52 m/s、类铧式曲面前端宽度为40 mm、刃口角为61°时土壤扰动量较小且沟宽变异系数较小;较优参数组合下台架试验得出土壤扰动量为13.01 cm^(2),沟宽变异系数8.52%。田间试验结果显示:安装在移栽单元上的苗床带整备装置相较船式开沟器的载苗基质块立苗率增加2.09百分点,沟宽变异系数减少13.3%,土壤扰动量减少20.9%,沟底面紧实度增加28.7%,满足油菜基质块苗机械移栽苗床构建要求。

国际减贫合作中的贫困类型识别——以“一带一路”国家为例

识别“一带一路”国家的贫困类型,推动精准减贫合作,是中国减贫经验有效分享的重点和难点。借助可持续生计框架构建“一带一路”国家贫困类型识别指标体系,有利于推动国际减贫合作。研究发现,在贫困程度方面,“一带一路”国家和区域之间的贫困状况呈现较大差异,高贫困度国家主要集中在非洲,中等贫困度国家较为均衡地分布在亚洲、非洲及拉丁美洲,而少数低贫困度国家则分布在欧亚地区。在贫困的成因方面,高贫困度国家的贫困往往是人力资本缺乏、社会治理不足、资源制约、联通落后和金融发展滞后等多种因素复合、叠加导致的后果,而中等和低贫困度国家也往往受到以上单一或双重因素的影响,导致国家陷入贫困。对贫困类型的识别有利于在国际减贫合作中的区域国别瞄准、方式选择和多主体参与等方面为国家提供政策参考,从而推动“一带一路”建设的分类施策和精准施策。

新疆西准噶尔造山带北部晚石炭世I型花岗岩的岩石地球化学和锆石Hf- O同位素特征:对其岩石成因与构造过程的启示

新疆西准噶尔造山带发育大量的晚古生代侵入岩,但它们的岩浆源区和形成的构造背景仍然存在较大争议。本文对西准噶尔造山带北部阿尔加提山石英二长岩进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学、锆石Hf-O同位素研究,旨在揭示其岩石成因和构造背景,探讨其与地壳生长的关系。两件样品的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为301.8±1.4 Ma和303.7±3.1 Ma,形成于晚石炭世。阿尔加提山石英二长岩样品含有角闪石,高硅(SiO_(2)=67.8%~68.9%)、富碱(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O=9.36%~9.89%)、具有低的铝饱和指数(A/CNK=0.96~1.00),伴有低的Ga/Al值(2.27~2.34),Rb/Sr值(0.35~0.50),显示出I型花岗岩的特征。同时,这些样品均富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土,亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta和Ti等),和负的Eu异常(δEu=0.72~0.85),类似于典型俯冲相关的岛弧岩浆特征。这些I型花岗岩具有高的、正的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(+11.2~+14.5)和年轻的二阶段Hf模式年龄(t_(DM2)=604~392 Ma),以及比地幔值略高的锆石δ^(18)O值(5.73‰~6.51‰)和高的锆石饱和封闭温度(T_(zr)=854~895℃),可能是新生下地壳在高温背景下部分熔融的产物。结合前人在西准噶尔造山带北部发现的晚石炭世早二叠世A1和A2型花岗岩和埃达克质岩墙,本文认为这些高温岩石组合的形成可能与晚石炭世的洋中脊俯冲及其相关板片窗作用有关。在洋脊俯冲背景下,软流圈地幔上涌加热新生下地壳,促使其发生部分熔融形成I和A_(1)和A_(2)型花岗岩。西准噶尔造山带大多数下地壳主要形成于早古生代,表明该地区在显生宙发生了显著的地壳增长。

水平带式过滤机真空系统优化改进

水平带式过滤机是制备分子筛的关键过程设备,主要用于分子筛浆液的固液分离,同时实现离子的相互交换。针对水平带式过滤机现有真空系统存在的操作复杂、离心泵故障频繁、环境噪声大等问题,通过翼阀直径核算、真空蝶阀移位、缓冲接液罐体积核算、重力流管道直径核算进行优化设计并对系统实施改造,解决了实际问题,改善了生产操作环境,提高了真空系统自控稳定性。

“一带一路”贸易便利化的十年进展、问题分析与推进路径

共建“一带一路”走过了蓬勃十年,它不仅是中国新时代扩大对外开放的总抓手,而且为国际社会提供了重要合作平台。贸易畅通是共建“一带一路”的核心任务之一,贸易便利化对推动“一带一路”贸易畅通至关重要。在共建“一带一路”十周年之际,本文从商签自贸协定、加强海关合作、交通互联互通、发展贸易新业态四个方面,系统总结十年来“一带一路”贸易便利化的历程与进展,剖析当前存在的问题,探讨进一步提升贸易便利化水平的路径。