Predictors of functional benefit of hepatitis C therapy in a‘real-life’cohort

AIM To define predictors of functional benefit of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and liver cirrhosis.METHODS We analysed a cohort of 199 patients with chronic HCV genotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 infection involving previously treated and untreated patients with compensated(76%) and decompensated(24%) liver cirrhosis at two tertiary centres in Germany. Patients were included withtreatment initiation between February 2014 and August 2016. All patients received a combination regimen of one or more DAAs for either 12 or 24 wk. Predictors of functional benefit were assessed in a univariable as well as multivariable model by binary logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Viral clearance was achieved in 88%(175/199) of patients. Sustained virological response(SVR) 12 rates were as follows: among 156 patients with genotype 1 infection the SVR 12 rate was 90%(n = 141); among 7 patients with genotype 2 infection the SVR 12 rate was 57%(n = 4); among 30 patients with genotype 3 infection the SVR 12 rate was 87%(n = 26); and among 6 patients with genotype 4 infection the SVR 12 rate was 67%(n = 4). Follow-up MELD scores were available for 179 patients. A MELD score improvement was observed in 37%(65/179) of patients, no change of MELD score in 41%(74/179) of patients, and an aggravation was observed in 22%(40/179) of patients. We analysed predictors of functional benefit from antiviral therapy in our patients beyond viral eradication. We identified the Child-Pugh score, the MELD score, the number of platelets and the levels of albumin and bilirubin as significant factors for functional benefit.CONCLUSION Our data may contribute to the discussion of potential risks and benefits of antiviral therapy with individual patients infected with HCV and with advanced liver disease.

Agroecosystem functional assessment and its difficulties

Agroecosystem functional assessment indicators provide a necessary bridge between decision makers and scientists. The development of acceptable indicators, however, remains a difficult task because the current knowledge and understanding of ecosystems is not sufficient to allow an objective assessment of all ecosystem functions. These difficulties were summarized from three perspectives. First, there are difficulties in individual function assessment. Of the four functions associated with agroecosystems energy flow, materials cycling, information flow and value flow data on material cycling and information flow remain difficult to obtain and the indicators relatively immature. Secondly, there are difficulties of integration. During the assessment process, the integration of the agroecosystem functions remains the biggest obstacle. Until now, there has been no practical or effective methodology established to resolve the problem. At present, the makeshift approach has been to weight the various indicators and then add them together. Thirdly, there is the problem of obscure concepts and concept confusion. When assessments of agroecosystems are conducted, concepts such as structure, function, benefit, and resource utilization are used extensively. To date, no logical relationship(either real or implied) has been developed between any of these concepts. Are they causes and results such that the relationship between them is linear, or are they independent from one another such that the relationship is parallel? Thus far, the essence of this question is yet to be explored.

Research on Effective Access for Strengthening and Improving the Management and Benefit use of Large Instruments

The purchasement and development as well as the benefit of utilization for the large equipment in universities of China are analyzed in this paper, the paper in dicates that in utilization of large equipment the contradictions such as urgency and necessity for the purchasement and development of large equipment and serious waste in resources since inadequacy of annual utilization rate of large equipment are existed, it also raises that the key step of giving full play to the benefit of large equipment is to strengthen management and development after the equipment are purchased, the paper regards through stressing standardized management and maintenance、opening the laboratory、improving the functions of equipment、renovating technology、fully examining and scientifically deciding before purchasement, the investment benefit for the large equipment can be raised effectively.

家庭功能在恶性肿瘤患儿应对方式与疾病获益感间的调节作用

目的:了解恶性肿瘤患儿家庭功能现状及其与疾病获益感的关系,并分析家庭功能在应对方式与疾病获益感间的调节作用,为进一步改善恶性肿瘤患儿疾病获益感提供支持。方法:采用便利抽样法,于2022年2月—10月使用家庭关怀度量表、中文版癌症患儿疾病获益感量表、癌症患儿应对方式量表等,调查北京、河北、河南共3家儿童医院的284例恶性肿瘤患儿;使用多元线性回归分析家庭功能在恶性肿瘤患儿应对方式与疾病获益感间的调节作用。结果:恶性肿瘤患儿的家庭功能得分为(7.81±2.38)分,不同状况的家庭功能对于以问题为导向应对方式与疾病获益感之间的关系,以及防御应对方式与疾病获益感之间的关系均起到了调节作用。结论:在日常诊疗和护理中,应重点关注家庭功能存在障碍的患儿,发现家庭在合作度、成长度等方面的潜在问题,给予切实指导以促进家庭功能的调适,帮助患儿获得良好的疾病获益感。

Functions, Problems and Countermeasures of China’s Rural Ecosystems

At present,the whole country is fully implementing rural revitalization strategy and actively promoting rural ecosystems development in China.From the perspective of ecology and agroecology,the main functions of rural ecosystem in China,the current outstanding problems,and the corresponding countermeasures and measures are discussed in the paper,in order to provide references for promoting the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization and the sustainable development of rural ecosystem.China’s rural ecosystem has multi-functions such as carrying population,improving environment,providing products,increasing income,expanding employment and tourism,inheriting culture,popularizing science and technology,educating people,training talents,and providing places for the aged urban residents.Currently,there are still many problems and challenges in rural ecosystem in China,such as ecological destruction,waste of resources,environmental pollution,natural disasters,economic poverty,backward science and education,laggard culture and medical care,lack of public services,bad social morality,loss of villagers and disappearance of villages.In order to promote implementation of rural revitalization strategy and to promote sustainable development of rural ecosystems in China,the following measures should be taken based on the principles of integrating “tri-benefits”(economic,ecological and social benefits),gradual progress,comprehensive governance,adaptation to local conditions and long-term efforts and success.Eventually,the following measures are suggested:① enhancing awareness;② planning well;③ improving environment;④ optimizing ecological structure;⑤ improving ecological functions;⑥ improving ecological conditions;⑦ strengthening public services;⑧ improving laws and regulations;⑨ improving great investment;⑩ accelerating personnel training.

Food Functionality of Popular and Commonly Consumed Indigenous Vegetables and Fruits from Bangladesh

Functional food can be either natural or processed. Food contains known biologically active compounds, which provides clinically proven and documented health benefit. So far, no database is available in Bangladesh regarding the functionality of the indigenous foods. As a primary step, this study had been conducted with an aim to identify and characterize functionality of the indigenous foods of Bangladesh. Eight fruits and vegetables, which are very popular for their taste, price and easy availability, have been selected for in vitro screening of their functionality. High levels of fat and sugar binding capacity were observed in Pineapple (500% and 270.891% respectively). High nuplli mortality rate was found in cytotoxicity test with Pomelo extract (100%), which also contained high level of vitamin C (155 mg/100g). Pomelo contained the highest level of antioxidant among all these foods (0.674 nMol/100μl/mg protein). Red amaranth contained highest amount of protein (4.31 g/100g). In stem amaranth, Iron level was highest (1855.67 mg/kg). Total phenolics content of Water spinach and Stem amaranth were found higher than the other samples (59.339 and 55.728 mg GAE/g respectively). All these experiments showed these vegetables and fruits have high health impacts and can be act as potential functional foods.

建筑智能化系统顶层设计方法探讨

通过自上而下地展开,吸收质量功能配置的思想,对建设过程中影响智能化系统的因素进行统筹考量。通过逐层迭代的方式,直观展示不同技术方案对业主满意度的影响,为建筑设计提供可比较的方案效益评价,也为设计明确后续技术路径。

建筑智能化方案精准设计方法探索

以智能建筑的顶层设计为基础,在比较不同智能化系统优劣的基础上,提出基于约束条件的智能化设计方案的整体比较方法,为业主智能化设计的投资优化方案提供指导。同时,构建MATLAB模型以简化计算过程,实现设计方案的便捷比较和直观展示,助力精准控制方法在实际应用中的优化。

Functional Ice Cream with Coffee-Related Flavor

In this study, Siwi roasted date seeds (pits) as a by-product of the date factories were used in powder form for ice cream fortification to produce a new product with coffee-like flavor. Also, this product possesses functional, nutritional and health benefits as it contains, minerals, phenolic compounds and possess antioxidant activity. Six ice cream mixes were prepared: plain ice cream without additives (control), five ice cream treatments supplemented with powder of the Nescafé (3%), Coffee (3%) and Roasted Date Seeds Powder (RDSP) with ratio of 3%, 4% and 5%, respectively. The results showed that increasing the added percentage of Roasted Date Seeds Powder (RDSP) to the ice cream mixes leads to an increase in the total solids, fibers, total nitrogen and ash content of the final product. It also increases viscosity, specific gravity, weight per gallon and increase the depression of freezing point of the mixes. The overrun and melting resistance of the final ice cream also increased compared with the control. The sensory evaluation was improved by adding RDSP comparing to control. So in this study, it is recommended to use RDSP as the source of minerals and health-promoting for ice cream making, as it contains bioactive compounds and also gives the ice cream desirable color and coffee-like flavor, but free of caffeine.

农业新质生产力对农民增收的影响

基于2011—2021年中国30个省份面板数据,构建综合评价指标体系测算农业新质生产力水平,并通过双向固定效应模型和中介模型探讨农业新质生产力对农民增收的影响效应及其作用机制。结果表明:1)农业新质生产力总体水平上升,但水平偏低;分维度看,农业绿色生产力水平最高,农业科技生产力次之,最后是农业数字生产力;分区域看,农业新质生产力水平在各地理分区、农业功能分区存在差异。2)农业新质生产力显著促进农民增收,该结论在使用多种稳健性检验方法后依旧成立。3)农业劳动生产率和农业土地生产率在农业新质生产力促进农民增收中起部分中介作用。4)西部地区农业新质生产力对农民增收的影响相较东、中部地区更为显著;在农业功能分区中,其影响力排序为“粮食产销平衡区>粮食主产区>粮食主销区”。据此,建议加大对农业新质生产力的研发和运用,并针对不同地理分区、农业功能分区的特点和需求,制定差异化的农业发展政策。

毕生发展视角下独处的适应功能:益处与代价的五轮比较

独处是一种在真实和虚拟环境中个体与他人没有交流的状态。从童年期到老年期,独处在个体不同发展阶段带来不同的影响。关于独处的适应功能,以往研究者持不同的观点,或积极论或消极论,且有一种观点认为:独处同时具有益处与代价。鉴于研究者们对于独处的观点不一致,本研究从毕生发展的视角出发,对各个发展时期独处益处与代价的相关研究进行梳理,探讨其动态变化与发展,并提出了毕生发展视角下独处益处与代价的比较模型。未来研究可以更多关注以个体为中心的研究,整合独处多维性,以毕生发展视角收集横纵向数据直接对比,丰富独处益处与代价的发展机制,结合文化背景理解独处的内涵,关注当代数字技术发展背景对于个体独处的影响,考察独处的认知神经机制,并思考独处在不同年龄段的实践意义。

水电工程生态效益评价指标体系研究

针对水电工程生态效益内涵模糊、生态效益价值难以量化等问题,以三峡工程为例,梳理现有生态效益研究,界定了水电工程生态效益内涵。基于河流生态系统服务功能,从供给服务功能、支持服务功能、调节服务功能、文化服务功能4个方面提出水电工程生态效益评价框架,构建水电工程生态效益评价指标体系。收集相关数据,针对不同效益指标进行定量分析,采取影子价格法等方法将其转换成可量化的经济价值数据。结果表明,三峡工程供给服务功能效益价值为1 047.83亿元,支持服务功能效益价值为200.74亿元,调节服务功能效益价值为833.8亿元,文化服务功能效益价值为195.56亿元,共计2 277.93亿元。研究结果可为长江流域建立生态产品价值实现机制,完善市场化、多元化生态补偿,提供技术支持。

大兴安岭株体效益植物资源类对自然环境功能作用的探索

大兴安岭具有代表性的株体效益植物资源,其功能作用显著,在生态功能保障区和城市环境保护建设中发挥重要作用。近年来,在相关方面的探索研究中取得新的进展。通过对代表性森林植物种群和对生态环境作用及环保功能分析,探索科学开发利用株体效益植物资源。

异麦芽酮糖醇的健康效益及其在功能性食品中的应用

异麦芽酮糖醇作为一种功能性糖醇,在食品科学与技术领域受到高度重视。它具有低血糖生成指数、低热量以及优良的吸湿性,可作为甜度调节剂应用在功能性食品中。针对其健康效益,本文从预防龋齿、促进肠道健康、调节血糖等方面进行考察,阐述其抑制口腔细菌生物膜形成、胰岛素敏感性提升等机制,并基于双盲随机对照试验等文献数据分析其健康益处。不仅展望了异麦芽酮糖醇在功能性食品开发中的应用前景,也提出了市场拓展的策略,以及推动食品科学与医学、生物技术等跨学科合作的建议。

紫苏籽提取物对育肥猪生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益的影响

文章旨在研究紫苏籽提取物(Perilla Seed Extract,PSE)对育肥猪生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益的影响。试验选用体重(65.53±2.17)kg的杜长大育肥猪140头,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每重复7头。CON组根据《仔猪、生长育肥猪配合饲料GB/T 5915-2020》配制基础日粮,其余3组在基础日粮中分别添加150 mg/kg(PSEL组)、300 mg/kg(PSEM组)、450 mg/kg(PSEH组)的紫苏籽提取物。试验为期42 d。结果表明:(1)与CON组相比,PSEM组育肥猪平均日增重显著提高13.45%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低12.42%(P<0.05);PSEH组育肥猪平均日增重显著提高12.48%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低11.45%(P<0.05)。(2)与CON组相比,PSEL组育肥猪血清IgA含量显著提高(P<0.05);PSEM组、PSEH组育肥猪血清IgA、IgG含量显著提高(P<0.05),且血清IL-2含量显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)CON组、PSEL组、PSEM组、PSEH组育肥猪经济效益分别为233.67、269.72、314.29、303.12元。由此可见,紫苏籽提取物能提高育肥猪生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益。综合判断,育肥猪基础日粮中紫苏籽提取物的适宜添加水平为300 mg/kg。

复合益生菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益的影响

文章旨在研究复合益生菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益的影响。试验将600只22日龄且体重(439.52±19.23)g的快速型黄羽肉鸡随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只(公母各半)。参考《黄羽肉鸡营养需要量NY/T3645-2020》配制基础日粮,4组分别采用基础日粮+0、200、400、600 mg/kg复合益生菌饲喂。试验为期40 d。结果表明:(1)与0 mg/kg复合益生菌组相比,400、600 mg/kg复合益生菌组快速型黄羽肉鸡平均日增重分别显著提高11.32%和10.40%(P<0.05),料重比分别显著降低8.63%和7.91%(P<0.05)。(2)与0 mg/kg复合益生菌组相比,200 mg/kg复合益生菌组快速型黄羽肉鸡血清IgA含量显著提高23.25%(P<0.05);400、600 mg/kg复合益生菌组快速型黄羽肉鸡血清IgA、IgG含量及法氏囊指数分别显著提高15.50%和26.80%(P<0.05)、17.93%和19.92%(P<0.05)、18.06%和21.94%(P<0.05)。(3)4组快速型黄羽肉鸡饲养经济效益分别为1114.13、1248.18、1322.14、1303.77元,其中400、600 mg/kg复合益生菌组快速型黄羽肉鸡总增重量、增重效益、饲养经济效益均显著高于0 mg/kg复合益生菌组(P<0.05)。结论:在快速型黄羽肉鸡养殖中,复合益生菌能提高生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益,本试验条件下复合益生菌的适宜添加水平为400 mg/kg。

金融聚集支持实体经济缓解企业融资约束的理论研究

金融体系的重要功能之一就是满足实体经济的资金需求,金融还会反作用于实体经济,推动实体经济前进。因此如何最大程度地满足资金供求双方的需求并最终加快实体经济稳步提升一直是金融领域从业人员需要认真研究的问题。金融聚集可以提升金融功能,金融集聚效应通过外部规模效益、网络效益、创新效益、加速技术进步效益、自我强化效益优化了金融解决信息不对称、风险管理、公司治理以及资源配置等功能,从而缓解企业融资约束。

以自我表露为基础的益处发现干预模式在精神分裂症病人护理中的应用

目的:观察以自我表露为基础的益处发现干预模式在精神分裂症病人护理中的应用效果。方法:选取医院2022年1月—12月接收的64例精神分裂症病人为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组32例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在此基础上实施以自我表露为基础的益处发现干预,干预前后分别采用住院精神病人社会功能评定量表(SSPI)、压力应对能力量表(MSI)评价两组病人社会功能和压力应对能力。结果:干预后观察组病人SSPI总分及社会性活动技能、动性和交往情况、日常生活能力得分均高于对照组;干预后观察组病人MSI总分及变化、成熟、肯定、接受评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在常规护理基础上实施以自我表露为基础的益处发现干预,能改善精神分裂症病人压力应对能力和社会功能。

甘草多糖对肉鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响

文章旨在研究甘草多糖(Glycyrrhizia polysaccharide,GPS)对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益的影响。试验选择AA肉鸡公雏120只,随机分成4组,各组肉鸡分别饲喂基础日粮+0 mg/kg(GPS0组)、300 mg/kg(GPSI组)、600 mg/kg(GPSII组)、900 mg/kg(GPSIII组)甘草多糖,每组3个重复,每个重复10只,试验为期42 d。结果表明:(1)与GPS0组相比,GPSII组肉鸡末重显著提高10.10%(P<0.05),GPSI组肉鸡平均日增重显著提高7.10%(P<0.05),GPSII组肉鸡平均日增重显著提高10.31%(P<0.05)。(2)与GPS0组相比,GPSII、GPSIII组血清IgM含量显著提高(P<0.05),GPSI、GPSII、GPSIII组血清IL-6含量极显著提高(P<0.01),GPSII、GPSIII组血清IFN-γ含量显著提高(P<0.05)。(3)4组平均日育肥收益分别为0.563、0.620、0.636、0.570元/(只·d),其中GPSII组的经济效益最高。综上所述,甘草多糖能提高肉鸡的生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益,在本试验条件下,甘草多糖的添加水平为600 mg/kg时,肉鸡的饲养经济效益最高。

日粮添加抗菌肽对育肥猪生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益的影响

文章旨在研究抗菌肽(Antimicrobial Peptide,AP)对育肥猪生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益的影响。试验将200头体况良好且初重为(62.48±0.52)kg的杜×长×大育肥猪随机分为4组,各组育肥猪分别饲喂基础日粮+0 mg/kg(0AP组)、100 mg/kg(100 AP组)、200 mg/kg(200 AP组)、300 mg/kg(300 AP组)的抗菌肽。每组5个重复,每个重复10头。试验共计30 d。结果:(1)与0AP组相比,200 AP组末重和平均日增重提高了4.59%(P<0.05)、16.35%(P<0.05),料重比降低了10.68%(P<0.05)。100 AP组、300 AP组末重和平均日增重高于0AP组,料重比低于0AP组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)与0AP组相比,100 AP组、200 AP组、300 AP组血清IgA、IgG含量显著提高(P<0.05),200 AP组、300 AP组血清TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)4组育肥猪的经济效益分别为49.25、70.00、96.61、72.87元/只,200 AP组的经济效益最高,且显著高于0AP组、100 AP组、300 AP组(P<0.05)。结论:日粮添加100~300 mg/kg抗菌肽促进了育肥猪的生长发育,提高了免疫功能和经济效益,当抗菌肽添加量为200 mg/kg时,育肥猪的经济效益最高。