Ecosystem service value of artificial reef area in Qingdao Luhaifeng sea ranching:A meta-analysis and benefit transfer valuation

This study evaluates the ecosystem service value of Qingdao Luhaifeng Sea Ranch artificial reef area through the established meta-analysis value transfer model,and the results show that the total value will be 150 million yuan in 2022.According to the regression results of the meta-analysis,the types of ecosystem services,the types of pasture sediment,the population density of the pasture area,and the economic level all have a significant impact on the wetland value.The model in this paper passes the validity test,and the conclusions are the same as many current empirical studies.This shows that the benefit transfer method meta-analysis can save assessment labor,time and capital,and the decision-makers can make judgments quickly.Meta-analysis is an effective and fast ex ante evaluation tool.The reliability of the value transfer method of meta-analysis largely depends on the quantity and quality of existing studies and the establishment of mathematical models.It is necessary to expand the number of literature searches.However,the current evaluation method of ecosystem services in China has just started,so the government needs to encourage research institutions to evaluate the value of ecosystem services to provide more effective and abundant research literature.

Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana(NPY)is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB(PwTB).Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states,reported a 70%coverage and high median delay in benefit credit.We undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023,to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY scheme.Methods We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple sources.We conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national,district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme(NTEP)and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India,selected using theoretical sampling.An analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews,guided the coding of the subsequent interviews.Categories and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical saturation.Results Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial initiative.Strong political commitment from the state administration,mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system,availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of implementation.However,the complex,multi-level benefit approval process,difficulties in accessing banking services,perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and utilization.Conclusion The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and challenged by its lengthy implementation process and delayed disbursal of benefits.We recommend greater operational simplicity in NPY implementation,integrating NTEP activities with the public health system to reduce the burden on the program staff,and revising the benefit amount more equitably.

Research on the Transfer Benefit of Railway Investment Projects

Though an additional railway investment will result in very complex uifluenceon the whole economic-socinl system, an assessing system comes to be set up inthis thesis. It not only shows the seope and direction of the assessment ofrailway investment projects, but indicates a new assessment theory coming intobeins. lii view of the transfer benefit of railway investinent projects being themain part of their external benefit for our national economy, we paid specialattention to calculating the transfer benefit. Finally, a series of matheniaticalmodels throush which we can accurately figure out the transfer benefit of arailway investment project are presented.

Analysis of Patterns and Benefits of Cultivated Land Transfer in Rural Areas in the Loess Plateau——A Case Study of Yuanzhou District of Ningxia

Cultivated land transfer is one of hotspots in research on agriculture,rural areas and farmers in China. Based on research achievements related to cultivated land transfer and the field survey of Yuanzhou District in the Loess Plateau,the primary patterns of cultivated land transfer in rural areas in the Loess Plateau were summarized according to the management subjects of cultivated land. According to the analyses of family income and expenses of a peasant household,the benefit of various patterns of cultivated land transfer to increase farmers' income was analyzed,and the social and ecological benefits of cultivated land transfer were assessed. The results showed that cultivated land transfer had developed rapidly in the Loess Plateau,and 42. 5% of the investigated peasant households took part in cultivated land transfer. The benefit of cultivated land transfer to increase farmers' income was obvious after cultivated land transfer. There were significant differences between various patterns of cultivated land transfer in the increase of farmers' income. The pattern driven by agricultural cooperatives increased farmers' income most obviously,and the annual family earnings per peasant household reached 12072. 99 yuan / a. The social and ecological benefits of cultivated land transfer conducted by peasant households spontaneously were very remarkable. The pattern led by leading enterprises promoted the large-scale operation of cultivated land greatly,but its benefit to increase farmers' income was limited. The comprehensive benefit of the pattern guided by the government was the most balanced. Geographic environment had decisive influences on the choose of patterns of cultivated land transfer in the Loess Plateau.

论注册资本认缴制的兴利除弊:兼论期限利益与交易安全的动态平衡

肇端于2005年《公司法》的注册资本认缴制改革具有正当性与合理性。认缴制的核心是创设了股东延期实缴出资的期限利益,尊重与保护期限利益是一般原则,出资义务加速到期是例外规则。股东期限利益的得丧变更均不妨碍股权的自由转让。认缴制未根本否定资本制度,一旦公司丧失偿债能力,期限利益立即终止,出资义务加速到来。公司不能清偿到期债务的识别标准是执行失败主义,出资加速到期不以股东或公司存在主观过错为要件。有必要建立股东加速出资信息公示制度与敦促债权人及时申报债权的公示催告程序,以确保债权人平等保护。不少判例追究股东恶意转让未实缴出资股权时对公司债权人的赔偿责任,建议以2023年新修订的《中华人民共和国公司法》为基础,完善平衡对冲制度,兼顾公司资本信用与股权流转自由,细化股权转让链条中出资义务加速到期的责任在前后手之间的配置规则。信息披露、5年最长实缴出资期限与出资加速到期连带之债的良性互动,有助于遏制注册资本认缴制的道德风险外溢。

南水北调东线一期工程受水区生态环境效益演变

研究南水北调东线一期工程通水以来受水区生态环境效益的演变态势,对南水北调后续工程高质量建设、加快构建国家水网以及促进工程综合效益发挥有决策参考作用。以定性定量相结合的方式分析东线一期工程在优化水资源配置、保障饮水安全、复苏河湖生态环境和畅通南北经济循环等方面的作用,进而结合层次分析法,从直接效益和间接效益2个方面,筛选构建东线一期工程受水区生态环境效益评价指标体系,主要包括工程年供水量、水质改善度、生态补水量、地下水压采量、地下水水位、水域面积、绿地面积和涵养水源等,并采用VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(VIKOR)多准则妥协解排序方法对南水北调东线一期工程通水以来即2013-2022年受水区生态环境效益演变态势进行分析。结果表明:南水北调东线一期工程通水的10年以来,受水区的生态环境整体复苏效果明显,近3年排序值保持在0.8以上;受降水偏枯进而影响地下水开采量和地下水水位等因素影响,2019年间接生态环境效益下降29.2%,之后迅速恢复并保持稳定。在分析直接效益和间接效益演变的基础上,从工程提质增效、提高工程水质状况以及完善体制机制建设等方面提出东线一期工程进一步促进受水区生态环境持续改善的策略和建议,以期为东线工程及受水区生态环境保护及高质量发展相关研究、决策制定等提供参考。

再流转中土地经营权的登记效力规则研究

再流转中的两种土地经营权在登记能力、登记效力上采区分原则。再流转阶段,基于土地承包经营权的土地经营权承继土地承包经营权的流转规则而采登记对抗效力,“未经登记,不得对抗善意第三人”应解释为未登记可以对抗恶意第三人以及能对抗善意第三人的必要条件为已登记,登记对抗效力表现为登记公示相较于其他公示方式的优先性与相对公信力,占有使用及向发包人备案作为认定第三人善意的实质调查内容在司法实践中发挥作用。以其他方式承包取得的土地经营权再流转须“经依法登记取得权属证书”为管理性规定,同时暗含登记连续性的目的,采登记生效效力的形式正当性在于此类土地经营权再流转的物权变动在实证法上的相对独立性,进而适用不动产物权公示的原则性规定,实质正当性在于通过市场机制高效利用农村“四荒地”土地资源的价值取向。另外,可结合此类土地经营权再流转的特殊规制目的适用善意取得制度。

体系化构造:美国保密基础设施立法及启示

数字技术高速发展态势下,国家保密法律制度需要树立符合时代特征的保密基础设施概念,充分考虑设置、维护、管理和销毁保密信息的端点、系统环境、人员的安全及相应的能力,以积极应对网络信息技术运用带来的环境变化和挑战。第二次世界大战后美国保密立法历程表明,美国通过法律法规推动保密基础设施的现代化和改革,逐步完成了系统架构下的涉密信息安全保障;而立法后紧跟的标准、手册等规范文件对贯彻实施其保密基础设施法律法规也起到了非常重要的作用。美国保密基础设施立法一直以国家安全战略为遵循,并不断加强与企业合作,如今则更加重视与网络安全的衔接。研究美国保密基础设施立法现状与趋势,为中国从立法理念、规范内容和形式等方面完善保密法律制度提供了新思路。

“精于算计”:社交媒体用户隐私保护脱离形成机制探讨

尽管数字时代用户的隐私风险与日俱增,但高昂的保护成本和诱人的让渡收益引发了用户隐私倦怠,进而导致隐私保护脱离。本研究基于多维发展理论,从信息管理维度和交互管理维度出发,构建社交媒体用户隐私保护脱离研究模型,通过线上问卷收集579个有效样本,运用SEM和fsQCA相结合的方法进行数据分析。研究发现,隐私倦怠是隐私保护脱离的正向影响因素,而隐私侵犯经历和隐私保护成本是引发隐私倦怠的正向前因变量,隐私设置可供性和隐私政策有效性对于隐私倦怠具有负向影响。隐私让渡收益则正向调节了隐私倦怠对隐私保护脱离的作用效果。与此同时,隐私保护脱离的前因构型共有5种,可划分为注重收益型和成本规避型2种模式,充分揭示了用户在隐私保护过程中“精于算计”的特征。

“政教分离”制度下自民党与统一教的“利益输送”

实行“政教分离”的日本,政党政治与宗教团体依然有着千丝万缕的联系。日本宪法规定了宗教不能干预国家政权的行政事务,但宗教团体参与社会政治的权利和自由并未被剥夺,由此产生政党与宗教团体之间错综复杂的互动关系问题。当宗教团体支持的政党执政后,往往会利用手中的权力为宗教团体提供特殊的政治保护。自民党与统一教正是通过相互“利益输送”连接起来的,自民党是统一教在政权领域的利益代表者和实现者,统一教则是自民党赢得政治权力所需要的社会支持者和财力后援,自民党议员利用政治权力,给予统一教政治和行政上的关照,以换取长期执政所需的“金钱”与“选票”,这明显违背了《日本国宪法》第二十条第一项。安倍遇刺使得自民党与统一教的“金权政治”交易大白于世,亦反映出日本政坛背离“政教分离”原则的政治腐败根深蒂固。

XB油田原油集输系统优化调整措施及效果分析

随着开发不断深入,XB油田面临着效益建产难度大,地面集输系统站库老化、低效、高耗等形势,按照油田公司优化简化的总体部署要求,XB油田结合自身特点,着力打造具有XB特色的优化简化模式。通过“水驱利用优存量、水聚合建控增量、系统调整优布局、工艺简化增效益”优化思路,充分挖潜利用A区域内站库剩余能力,接纳新建水驱产能;结合B区产能水聚驱产能交错布置特点,实施水聚驱合并建设;针对C区域站库低效、低负荷问题,优化区域系统布局,优化核减站库;结合D区块大平台建设方式,探索“投产并联+双管环状”集输工艺。在油井增加的前提下,减少转油站建设数量,提升集输系统负荷,控降建设投资,可为后续集输系统优化简化提供指导意见。

欺诈性家族信托所有权转移的效力认定

家族信托作为传承家族财产的重要金融工具,具有风险隔离作用,能够避免信托资金被强制执行,但也因此产生了以欺诈为目的的家族信托。欺诈性家族信托主观上存在非正当目的,利用在信托成立后才发生的潜在债务,客观上实施了欺诈性的信托行为,损害了债权人的债权实现。欺诈性信托应属于可撤销信托,而非无效信托,存续期间其所有权应归属于受托人,独立于委托人和受托人的固有财产。为了排除利用家族信托逃避债务的行为,在信托被撤销后应当允许法院对信托资金强制执行,以保障债权人的合法权益,维护信托制度和经济体系的稳定。

小农户土地流转与乡村产业高质量发展的耦合机制——基于结构方程模型的实证研究

乡村产业振兴进程中,小农户土地经营权有序流转是推动农业产业结构转型升级、提升乡村产业发展质量的新路径。运用因子分析法引入预期净收益、利益共享机制作为外生潜变量,把小农户土地经营权流转作为中介变量,把乡村产业发展质量作为内生潜变量,构建“要素—过程—结果”三阶段理论模型,理论分析小农户土地经营权流转对乡村产业高质量发展的影响及作用机理,建立结构方程模型,实证分析小农户土地经营权流转对乡村产业高质量发展的影响效应。结果表明:农地流转预期净收益和利益共享机制均对小农户土地经营权流转决策行为具有显著的正向影响;利益共享机制对乡村产业高质量发展具有显著的正向影响;小农户土地经营权有序流转对乡村产业高质量发展不仅具有非常显著的直接效应,而且与乡村产业高质量发展存在因果链递进关系,是乡村产业高质量发展的必要条件;农地流转预期净收益对土地经营权转让、农产品品质水平和农业科技水平均具有间接效应,利益共享机制对土地经营权转让具有较大的间接效应,而小农户土地经营权流转不仅对农业效率水平和农业机械化程度具有间接效应,而且对城乡三次产业融合程度也具有间接效应。

东平湖调蓄南水北调东线来水的可行性

为充分发挥东平湖水库综合效益,提高水库水安全保障韧性,按照“以时间换空间”的思路,提出利用东平湖富余库容调蓄南水北调东线来水的方案。结果表明:东平湖1956-2016年月平均富余调节库容1.17亿m^(3),在大汶河来水偏枯、东平湖水位较低年份利用东平湖富余库容调蓄南水北调东线来水是可行的;对比分析基准方案和2种方案实施后对湖周用水保证率、东平湖需水量、入黄水量、工程安全的影响后,得到东平湖库容调蓄的最优方案。该方案不占用大汶河水指标,同时最大增加了南水北调东线调蓄库容3.62亿m^(3),提高了调度灵活性,为南水北调东线二期供水效益提升提供了新思路。

牛栏江—滇池补水工程生态效益评估

云南省牛栏江—滇池补水工程是国务院172项节水供水重大水利工程之一,也是滇池水污染综合治理的关键性措施之一,工程运行9年多以来,已累计向昆明调水46.06×108m3,其中向滇池补水42.15×108 m3、城市应急供水3.91×108 m3,发挥了巨大的生态效益。为合理评估工程产生的生态效益,从定性分析与定量计算两方面来评估工程生态效益,定量分析中采用了生态补偿法、等效替代法、生态水价法3种方法将生态效益量化为资金价值,经综合分析,推荐采用等效替代法计算工程生态效益。

Supply Chain Integration, a Chain of Efficient Utilization of Information Technology: Its Benefits &Challenges

Business renovation, effective utilization of information technology and the role of business process modeling are dealt in supply chain integration projects. The main idea is to show how the performance of supply chain can be improved with the integration of various tiers in the chain. Integration is preconditioned for efficient sharing and utilization of information between diverse companies in the chain.

有限责任公司全面认缴制该何去何从?——兼评《公司法(修订草案三审稿)》第47条

《公司法(修订草案三审稿)》中增加了有限责任公司股东认缴的出资需在五年内缴足的规定,引发了理论界和实务界对全面认缴制的又一次讨论热潮。回顾过往商业实践可以发现,全面认缴制在发挥其鼓励投资积极作用的同时,也带来了股东滥用期限利益逃避出资义务的严重问题,由此衍生出大量股东出资纠纷。股东出资义务兼具法定性和约定性双重属性,立法设计中需厘清资本认缴制的边界,划定股东期限利益的范围。《公司法(修订草案三审稿)》将限制认缴期限和股东出资义务加速到期制度作为认缴制的配套约束机制,虽然二者都具备维护资本充实和保护债权人利益的功能,但各自也具有不可替代的制度价值。通过对认缴制的再认识对之进行科学评价无疑具备重要的现实意义。

利益输送视角下高额现金股利政策的动因与经济后果研究——以中公教育为例

自2004年以来,证监会推出倡导分红的系列政策,越来越多的上市公司积极发放现金股利,但也存在许多企业高额现金分红与公司财务状况错配的现象,不利于上市公司的可持续发展。以中公教育为例,对上市公司高额现金股利政策的动因及经济后果进行了剖析。研究发现,中公教育发放高额现金股利的动因包括迎合证监会鼓励分红的政策要求、向市场传递积极信号以吸引投资者,以及向主要大股东进行利益输送。中公教育派发高额现金股利后,资本市场、公司价值以及股东利益方面均受到影响。从大股东股权流动性限制导致的资金需求出发,分别从迹象、诱因、条件三个维度对高额现金股利政策的利益输送动机进行了分析,研究结果对上市公司制定合理的现金股利政策、优化企业股利支付方式具有重要的现实意义,也可为相关部门完善股利政策的监管提供重要参考。

有限责任公司股权转让限制的反思与重构

有限责任公司股权转让的限制问题是一个争议较大的问题,问题的核心在于股权转让相关主体的利益配置非常复杂。我国《公司法》关于有限责任公司股权转让的规定未能充分考虑各相关主体之间的利益关系,利益配置不清晰导致股权转让受限的合理性遭受质疑,“同意权”和“优先购买权”并存的双重限制模式存在内在逻辑不顺畅的问题,公司章程自治的合法边界也并不明朗。从利益衡量的视角出发,应当明确有限责任公司股权转让受限制度的核心价值,探讨同意权和优先购买权的制度设计意图和不足,采用仅设同意权模式作为有限责任公司股权转让限制规则,确定公司章程限制股权转让的合法边界,设定股权转让的基本标准,并结合平衡利益配置对公司章程股权转让规定的效力做出具体的分析。

基于强化传热与碳排放的小型热法海水淡化系统工艺路径的探索

随着远洋技术的发展,我国对小型化、便携化海水淡化装置的需求越来越大,使得开发小型集成式海水淡化装置成为迫切需求。以小型海水淡化系统为研究对象,通过模型分析探究热法小型海水淡化系统的最佳工艺路径和传热强化技术的应用;以换热面积和单位淡水成本为衡量指标,探究不同驱动热源、预热方式和换热器类型等工艺路径对于小型海水淡化系统的适用性;确定采用废热驱动,二次蒸汽预热海水,以及板式蒸发器为核心设备的最佳工艺路径。通过模型计算论证了强化换热技术的应用对于小型海水淡化装置性能的优化和提升,其中窄缝蒸发、疏水涂层和填充泡沫铜等传热强化技术可以节省系统换热面积26.1%~31.9%,减少单位淡水成本3.1%~16.6%。