Beta-Cyclodextrin as Carbon Source for Synthesis of LiFePO_4/C with Improved Electrochemical Properties in Lithium-ion Batteries

For beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) may form complexes with metal ions during ballmilling process, it was used as a novel carbon source to synthesize LiFePO_4/C cathode composite in lithium-ion batteries via solid-state reaction. This composite should has fine particle size and good electrochemical performances. The powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and galvanostatic charge-discharge. Compared with bare LiFePO_4 and LiFePO_4/C composite with glucose as carbon source by the same procedure and nearly the same content of carbon in the final cathode, the LiFePO_4/C composite with beta-cyclodextrin as carbon source shows much higher discharge specific capacity and more excellent rate performance. Ultrasonic dispersion between ballmilling and sinter process for 2 h was appropriate and useful for final LiFePO_4/C to reach higher discharge capacity. The SEI experiment was carried out to explore the effect of beta-cyclodextrin on the cathode materials, and the results indicate that coating with beta-cyclodextrin can improve the electrochemical performance of LiFePO_4 by decreasing the resistance of charge transfer (R_ ct) and improving the chemical diffusion coefficient (D_ Li).

THERMAL-SENSITIVE BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN-CONTAINING POLY(NISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE)HYDROGELS CROSSLINKED BY Si—O—Si BONDS—SYNTHESIS,CHARACTERIZATION AND PROLONGING IN VITRO RELEASE OF 5-FLUOROURACIL

A series of novel p（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAM） hydrogels were synthesized by radical copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAM） and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane （MPTMS）. The copolymers were then crosslinked through hydrolysis of the siloxane in acetic acid/water mixed solvent. Beta-cyclodextrin （Beta-CD） was introduced into the polymeric networks by condensation of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane derived beta-cyclodextrin （KH560-beta-CD） with MPTMS under acidic condition. These gels were heterogeneous, porous and exhibited fast deswelling kinetics when the temperature was elevated to above lower critical solution temperature （LCST）. The swelling ratios of the gels containing beta-CD at room temperature were higher than that of the normal PNIPAM hydrogel, which was caused by the lower crosslinking density in beta-CD contained gels. In comparison to that of the normal PNIPAM gel, the amount of loaded-drug in the hydrogel containing beta-CD was higher, and the release time of 5-fluorouracil （5-Fu） was prolonged, which was attributed to the formation of inclusion compounds between 5-Fu and beta-CD in gel network.

Influence of Beta-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Tin Phenylphosphonate on the Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Composites

To enhance the thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin(EP),beta-cyclodextrin(β-CD)is successfully introduced into the layered tin phenylphosphonate(SnPP),which is incorporated into EP matrix for preparing EP/β-CD@SnPP composites.The results indicate that the addition ofβ-CD@SnPP obviously improve the thermal stability and residual yield of EP composites at higher temperature.When the amount ofβ-CD@SnPP is only 4 wt%,EP/4β-CD@SnPP composites pass V-1 rating,and LOI value is up to 30.8%.Meanwhile,β-CD@SnPP effectively suppress the heat release and reduce the smoke production of EP/β-CD@SnPP composites in combustion,and the peak heat release rate(PHRR),total heat release(THR),smoke production rate(SPR)of EP/6β-CD@SnPP composites reduce by 28.4%,33.0%and 44.8%by comparison with those of pure EP.The good flame retardancy and smoke suppression are ascribed to the synergistic effect of excellent carbon-forming capability and fire retardancy ofβ-CD@SnPP.

西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊的制备及其对运动耐力的影响

为提高西番莲果皮黄酮的稳定性,并考察其对机体运动的影响。以羟丙基-β-环糊精为壁材、西番莲果皮黄酮为芯材,采用喷雾干燥法制备西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊,通过单因素与响应面试验确定该微胶囊的最佳制备工艺条件,同时采用动物实验研究其抗运动疲劳活性。结果表明,西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊的最佳制备工艺条件为:芯壁比为1∶10(g/mL),包埋温度49℃,搅拌时间53 min,进风干燥温度163℃。该条件下制得的西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊外观略呈球形,大小基本均一,表面完整且光滑,包埋率达84.7%,平均粒径为7.52μm,含水量为3.72%,堆密度为0.51 g/mL,休止角为35.12°。在相同储藏条件下,西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊中黄酮类化合物的保留率高于其纯化物,表明微胶囊化有助于提高西番莲果皮黄酮的稳定性。通过不同组别小鼠的运动耐力考察指标结果对比分析发现,西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊可明显延长小鼠的力竭游泳时间,减少运动后血清中乳酸与尿素氮的含量,从而帮助机体进一步提高运动耐力。该研究可为西番莲果皮的利用提供新的思路。

Beta-cyclodextrin adsorbents to remove water pollutants-a commentary

Beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbent is a promising adsorbent because it has unique characteristics and able to form host-guest complexes with various organic compounds.Adsorption using beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbent has continuously improved by various preparation strategies and crosslinking agents.This commentary aims to highlight the preparation strategies,properties,and adsorption mechanisms of beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbents.The adsorbents can be generally classified according to the preparation methods and display high adsorption capacity especially for dyes.Particularly,composite/nanocomposite beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbents exhibit outstanding adsorption capacity even though the surface area is lower than that of porous and magnetic betacyclodextrin-based adsorbents.The beta-cyclodextrin/chitosan functionalized graphene oxide hydrogel with specific surface of 17.6 m^(2)·g^(–1)yields an extraordinarily maximum adsorption capacity of 1499 mg·g^(–1)methylene blue,while beta-cyclodextrin/chitosan modified with iron(Ⅱ,Ⅲ)oxide nanoparticles displays a much greater maximum adsorption capacity at 2780 mg·g^(–1).The hydrophobic interaction,functional groups,hydrogen bonding,and electrostatic interaction govern the adsorption to a greater capacity.Although this commentary is not exhaustive,the preparation strategies and illustrated mechanisms provide useful insights into the adsorbent–adsorbate interactions,costeffective analysis,challenges,and future directions of betacyclodextrin-based adsorbents in wastewater treatment.

包合技术在中药制剂中的应用研究进展

本文从包合物的定义、常见的包合材料、以及包合物的制备方法三个方面对包合技术进行了系统的介绍。其次,本文总结了包合技术在中药领域中的应用,包括:掩盖药物的不良气味;增加药物的稳定性;增加药物的溶解度;调节药物的释药速度;提高药物的生物利用度。

HPLC法测定注射用伏立康唑中倍他环糊精的含量

目的:建立注射用伏立康唑制剂中倍他环糊精含量测定方法,考察该制剂中倍他环糊精的影响因素。方法:参考《中华人民共和国药典(2020年版)》四部羟丙基倍他环糊精中有关物质测定方法,采用HPLC,示差折光检测器测定倍他环糊精,参考《中华人民共和国药典(2020年版)》四部原料药物与制剂稳定性试验指导原则建立影响因素试验。结果:建立测定方法并对该方法进行方法学验证,结果该方法专属性好、检测限和定量限满足测定要求、线性关系良好、准确度高,方法可行,影响因素试验中高温条件下倍他环糊精含量明显增加。结论:本方法为注射用伏立康唑中倍他环糊精的含量测定提供参考,影响因素试验提示企业在生产及贮存过程中应关注温度变化。

Method for quantification of prazosin in dog plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study

A simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method using fluorescence detection （HPLC- FLD） and a one-step single solvent extraction for the determination of prazosin（PZS） in dog plasma is developed and validated. After extraction with ether, the chromatographic separation of PZS is carried out using a reverse phase C18 column （ 150 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm） with a mobile phase of 30% acetonitrile and 70% acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution （pH = 3.6） and quantified by fluorescence detection operated with an excitation wavelength of 258 nm and an emission wavelength of 387 nm. The flow rate of the mobile phase is 1.0 mL/min and the retention time of PZS and the internal standard is found to be 4. 4 and 5. 8 rain, respectively. The calibration curve is linear within a concentration range from 1.0 to 1 000.0 ng/mL （ P 〉 0. 998）. The limit of detection is 0.4 ng/mL. The inter-day coefficient of variation （COV） of the calibration standards is below 5.0% and the mean accuracy is in the range from 92. 7% to 104. 2%. Moreover, by analyzing quality control plasma samples for three days, the results show that the method is precise and accurate, for the intra- and inter- day COV within 10% and the accuracy from 95.9% to 112.7%. The developed and validated method is successfully applied to phannacokinetic study for the preclinical evaluation of a new peroral PZS-sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin （PZS-SBE-β-CD） inclusion complex tablets （test preparation）, which demonstrates that the test preparation released PZS is conducted in a slow and controlled way, and the relative bioavailability of the test preparation is found to be 105.0%.

肉桂油β-环糊精包合物的理化性质

目的 :考察肉桂油 β 环糊精的理化性能。 方法 :采用薄层层析、X 射线粉末衍射及红外光谱法对包合物进行理化鉴别 ,采用高效液相色谱法考察包合物中桂皮醛的溶解度和体外溶出度。结果 :薄层层析图谱显示 ,肉桂油被 β 环糊精包合前后的主成分没有发生变化 ,包合物的X 射线粉末衍射图谱及红外光谱与肉桂油、肉桂油 β 环糊精混合物的图谱差异具有显著性。包合物中桂皮醛在 0 .1mol·L-1盐酸溶液、pH6 .6和 pH7.5磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶解度及体外溶出速率均有显著提高。结论 :肉桂油被 β 环糊精包合后呈现出新的物相特征 ,与肉桂油相比其理化性质有较显著的改变。

冰片β-环糊精包合物的理化性质考察

目的考察冰片β 环糊精的理化性能。 方法采用薄层析、热重和差热分析、X 射线粉末衍射及红外光谱法对包合物进行理化鉴别 ,采用气相色谱法考察了包合物中冰片的溶解度和体外溶出度。结果薄层析图谱显示 ,冰片被 β 环糊精包合前后的主成分没有发生变化 ,包合物的热重和差热分析曲线、X 射线粉末衍射图谱及红外光谱与冰片、冰片 β 环糊精混合物的图谱具有显著性差异。包合物中冰片在 0 1mol/L盐酸溶液、pH6 6和 pH7 5磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶解度及体外溶出速率均有显著提高。结论冰片被β 环糊精包合后呈现出新的物相特征 。

β-环糊精及其衍生物处理水中重金属的研究进展

β-环糊精的物理、化学性质及结构特点决定其应用在水处理中的作用效果,通过论述β-环糊精及其衍生物处理重金属以及混合重金属废水的国、内外应用与研究最新进展,体现其应用在水处理中的优越性。并针对β-环糊精及其衍生物在水处理中存在的问题,及研究方向进行展望。

维拉帕米和布比卡因的毛细管电泳手性拆分

运用毛细管电泳法 ,以羧甲基聚合 β 环糊精为手性剂 ,对维拉帕米及布比卡因进行了拆分。考察了手性剂的种类、浓度及缓冲液的pH值对分离的影响。结果表明 :羧甲基聚合 β 环糊精对这两种药物对映体有极好的拆分效果。从协同效应方面解释了羧甲基聚合 β 环糊精具有良好拆分能力的原因。

玉米须黄酮微胶囊制备条件的研究

本实验的目的是通过制备玉米须黄酮的微胶囊,以提高玉米须黄酮的稳定性。实验以β-环糊精为壁材,研究了研磨法制备微胶囊工艺中不同因素对玉米须黄酮微胶囊化包埋率及产率的影响。研究结果表明,采用研磨法制备微胶囊,芯材与壁材的最佳配比为1:14,研磨最佳时间为35min,β-环糊精的最佳浓度为10%,微胶囊化的最佳温度为48℃。在此条件下,产品微胶囊化效率达到85.6%。

羟丙基-β-环糊精用于静脉给药的研究概况

羟丙基-β-环糊精是β-环糊精的一种化学修饰性衍生物,对于水难溶性药物具有良好的包合增溶效果。现对其理化性质、静脉给药后的毒性、药动学和组织分布的研究概况进行综述,并简要介绍其在国内外制剂中的使用情况,同时围绕静脉给药,对实际应用羟丙基-β-环糊精时需考虑的一些问题进行较详细的概述。

牛至精油β环糊精微胶囊的制备及其抑菌效果研究

目的制备牛至精油β环糊精(β-CD)微胶囊,并研究其抑菌效果。方法首先,选用β-CD包埋牛至精油,通过扫描电镜观察该包埋物的外部形貌特征。其次,通过薄层色谱、红外光谱等2种方法考察是否已成功制备牛至精油β环糊精的微胶囊。然后,通过紫外分光光度计测定该包埋物的吸光度,按照一定的方法计算其包埋率。最后,选用大肠杆菌、米曲霉菌作为供试菌株,研究该包埋物的抑菌效果。结果牛至精油β环糊精微胶囊得到成功制备,其包埋率为73%,并且该包埋物具有较好的抑菌效果。结论实验达到了预期目的,即在保留牛至精油抑菌性能的同时,也使得液体的牛至精油固体粉末化。

高效液相色谱手性流动相添加剂分离乳酸对映体

分别将β－环糊精、２，６－二甲基β－环糊精和２，３，６－三甲基β－环糊精作为手性流动相添加剂，系统地研究了Ｄ，Ｌ－乳酸在反相ＨＰＬＣ系统中的拆分，考察了流动相种类，ｐＨ值和手性流动相添加剂的浓度对手性分离的影响，建立了甲基化β－环糊精动态手性固定相法分离乳酸对映体的方法。

磺丁基醚-β-环糊精手性流动相添加剂法分离兰索拉唑对映体

采用磺丁基醚-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)为手性流动相添加剂,建立了兰索拉唑对映体的高效液相色谱分离分析方法。对影响兰索拉唑对映体分离的主要因素:环糊精种类和浓度、缓冲溶液pH以及有机改性剂种类和含量进行考察。确定最优色谱条件:色谱柱为Spherigel C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为V(乙腈)∶V(水相)=20∶80(水相含10mmol/L SBE-β-CD、10mmol/L NaH2PO4缓冲液、pH2.5),流速为0.9mL/min,检测波长为288nm。在此条件下,兰索拉唑对映体的保留时间分别为14.4和15.8min,分离度为2.0。两对映体质量浓度在0.2～50μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9996),保留时间的RSD分别为0.27%和0.26%,峰面积的RSD分别为0.65%和0.68%。

毛细管电泳法研究环糊精与芳香羧酸的相互作用

基于毛细管电泳同时测定了β 环糊精与苯甲酸、苯乙酸和邻羟基苯甲酸的包结常数及包结反应的热力学参数 ,从分子结构和热力学角度讨论了超分子化合物形成的规律。结果表明 :氢键在超分子化合物中具有重要作用 ,环糊精与芳香羧酸的包结反应在热力学上呈现熵焓补偿效应。该方法快速、准确 。

毛细管电动色谱分离手性氨基酸及其在生物样品分析中的应用

建立了MEKC法分离丙氨酸(Ala)、谷氨酸(Glu)和天门冬氨酸(Asp)三对手性氨基酸,并对大鼠正常组和白内障组晶体和血清中DAla、LAla、DGlu、LGlu、DAsp和LAsp进行定量分析。利用FITC柱前衍生,以β环糊精(βCD)作为手性添加剂,激光诱导荧光检测(LIF),优化电泳条件为气压进样5s,分离温度25℃,分离电压为20kV,运行缓冲溶液为40mmol/L硼砂缓冲溶液(pH9.3),其中包含50mmol/LSDS和13mmol/LβCD。考察了硼砂缓冲溶液浓度、pH值、分离电压、β环糊精浓度对分离的影响。在优化电泳条件下,上述3种氨基酸对映体均得到基线分离,并可对大鼠的晶体和血清进行定量分析。本方法操作简单,检测灵敏度高,可用于药品质量监测以及生物样品的分析。

维生素D_3-β-环糊精包合物的稳定性考察

目的：考察维生素环糊精包合物中维生素D3的稳定性。方法：以正相高效液相色谱法测定维生素D3含量测定，薄层层析法分析分解产物。采用3000 Lx 光照、80 ℃与40 ℃, RH=76%和RH=92.5%条件下放置，考察含量改变。结果：维生素D3在光、热下极不稳定，含量迅速下降，薄层层析明显可见多个分解产物；与维生 素D3比较，D3-β-环糊精(D3-β-CD)包合物的抗热、抗光和抗湿热等稳定性均有 显著提高（P<0.01）。结论：将维生素D3制成D3-β-CD包合物是提高其稳定性的有效方法。