Self-reinforced Calcium Phosphate Cement Inspired by Sea Cucumber Dermis

A composite bone cement based onα-TCP with self-reinforcing characteristics is prepared by compounding cellulose whiskers and polyvinyl alcohol in different proportions.In this system,we are inspired by the sea cucumber,which can alter the stiffness of their inner dermis reversibly.Through the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose whiskers and PVA,the bone cement matrix can be strengthened during the curing process of cement.In the process of bone cement blending,there is more water,the hydrogen bond connection is destroyed,so the slurry has better fluidity at this time.As the hydration of the bone cement progresses,the reduction of the water phase leads to the formation of a permeable network structure of hydrogen bond connections between the whiskers.The dual-phase action of PVA and whiskers greatly increases the mechanical strength of the bone cement system(5.5 to 23.8 MPa),while the presence of polyvinyl alcohol improves the toughness of the bone cement system.This work was supposed to explore whether the chemoresponsive materials can be adapted to biomedical materials,for example,bone repair.

Effect of Low-Pressure Nitrogen DC Plasma Treatment on the Surface Properties of Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene, Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) and Polyvinyl Chloride Films

In this study, commercial biaxially oriented polypropylene （BOPP）, polyvinyl chlo- ride （PVC） and poly （methyl methacrylate） （PMMA） films were treated with nitrogen plasma over different exposure times in a Pyrex tube surrounded by a DC variable magnetic field. The chemi- cal changes that appeared on the surface of the samples were investigated using Fourier transform infrared （FT4R） spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared （ATR- FTIR） spectroscopy after treatment for 2 min, 4 min and 6 rain in a nitrogen plasma chamber. Effects of the plasma treatment on the surface topographies and contact angles of the untreated and plasma treated films were also analyzed by atomic force microscopy （AFM） and a contact angle measuring system. The results show that the plasma treated films become more hydrophilic with an enhanced wettability due to the formation of some new polar groups on the surface of the treated films. Moreover, at higher exposure times, the total surface energy in all treated films increased while a reduction in contact angle occurred. The behavior of surface roughness in each sample was completely different at higher exposure times.

Structure and Properties of Self-reinforced Material Made from Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene-montmorillonite Nanocomposite

High-strength and high-modulus ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE), named self-reinforced material, was obtained by the elongation of UHMWPE-montmorillonite nanocomposite at melting temperature. According to the scanning electron microscope(SEM) analysis, a great deal of fibrillar texture formed in the direction of elongation, and the tensile fractured surface was similar to that of highly oriented fiber. The transmission electron microscope(TEM) and selective area electron diffraction(SAED) analyses reveal that the reinforced phase of the self-reinforced material is an extended chain crystal and its size is about 50_200 nm wide and several microns long, and the montmorillonite layers are broken up to pieces in the size from 100 to 10 nm. The broken layers which have a huge surface area interacting strongly with macromolecules reduces the entanglement density of UHMWPE and induces the chain orientation in flow field. It is supposed that the astriction of montmorillonite layers to polyethylene chains is not only end-tethered but also side-tethered. The differential scan calorimetry(DSC) analysis shows that there are two endothermal peaks for the self-reinforced material, of which the peak at a higher temperature(136.4 ℃) is ascribed to the melting of the reinforced phase.

Deposition and characterization of YBCO/CeO2/YSZ/CeO2 multilayers on biaxially textured Ni substrates

CeO2/YSZ/CeO2 buffer layers were deposited on biaxially textured Ni substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The influence of the processing parameters on the texture development of the seed layer CeO2 was investigated. Epitaxial films of YBCO were then grown in situ on the CeO2/YSZ （yttria-stabilized ZrO2）/CeO2-buffered Ni substrates. The resulting YBCO conductors exhibited self-fleld critical current density Jc of more than 1 MA/cm^2 at 77K and superconducting transition temperature Tc of about 91K.

Improvement of Surface Morphology of Yttrium-Stabilized Zirconia Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition on Rolling Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrate Tapes

The surface morphology of buffer layer yttrium-stabilized zirconia （YSZ） of YBa2CuaO7-σ （YBCO） high temperature superconducting films relies on a series of controllable experimental parameters. In this work, we focus on the influence of pulsed laser frequency and target crystalline type on surface morphology of YSZ films deposited by pulsed laser deposition （PLD） on rolling assisted biaxially textured substrate tapes. Usually two kinds of particles are observed in the YSZ layer： randomly distributed ones on the whole film and self-assembled ones along grain boundaries. SEM images are used to prove that particles can be partly removed when choosing dense targets of single crystalline. Lower frequency of pulsed laser also contributes to a smoother film surface. TEM images are used to view the crystalline structure of thin film. Thus we can obtain a basic understanding of how to prepare a particle-free YSZ buffer layer for YBCO in optimized conditions using PLD. The YBCO layer with nice structure and critical current density of around 5 MA/cm2 can be reached on smooth YSZ samples.

Undrained semi-analytical solution for cylindrical cavity expansion in anisotropic soils under biaxial stress conditions

This paper presents an undrained semi-analytical elastoplastic solution for cylindrical cavity expansion in anisotropic soil under the biaxial stress conditions.The advanced simplified SANICLAY model is used to simulate the elastoplastic behavior of soil.The cavity expansion is treated as an initial value problem and solved as a system of eight first-order ordinary differential equations including four stress components and four anisotropic parameters.The results are validated by comparing the new solutions with existing ones.The distributions of stress components and anisotropic parameters around the cavity wall,the expansion process,the stress yield trajectory of a soil element and the shape and size of elastoplastic boundary are further investigated to explore the cavity expansion response of soils under biaxial in situ stresses.The results of extensive parameters analysis demonstrate that the circumferential position of the soil element and the anisotropy of the soils have noticeable impacts on the expansion response under biaxial in situ stresses.Since the present solution not only considers the anisotropy and anisotropy evolution of natural soil,but also eliminates the conventional assumption of uniform radial pressure,the solution is better than other theoretical solutions to explain the pressure test and pile installation effect of shallow saturated soil.

Research on the Follow-Up Control Strategy of Biaxial Fatigue Test of Wind Turbine Blade Based on Electromagnetic Excitation

Aiming at the drift problem that the tracking control of the actual load relative to the target load during the electromagnetic excitation biaxial fatigue test of wind turbine blades is easy to drift,a biaxial fatigue testingmachine for electromagnetic excitation is designed,and the following strategy of the actual load and the target load is studied.A Fast Transversal Recursive Least Squares algorithm based on fuzzy logic(Fuzzy FTRLS)is proposed to develop a fatigue loading following dynamic strategy,which adjusts the forgetting factor in the algorithmthrough fuzzy logic to overcome the contradiction between convergence accuracy and convergence speed and solve the phenomenon of amplitude overshoot and phase lag of the actual load relative to the target load.Combined with the previous research results,a simulation model was constructed to verify the strategy’s effectiveness.Field tests were carried out to verify its follow-up effect.The results showthat the tracking error of flapwise and edgewise direction iswithin 4%,which has better robustness and dynamic and static performance than the traditional Recursive Least Squares(RLS)algorithm.

Experimental Study and Failure Criterion Analysis of Rubber Fibre Reinforced Concrete under Biaxial Compression-Compression

In order to examine the biaxial compression-compression properties of rubber fibre reinforced concrete(RFRC),an experimental study on RFRC under different lateral compressive stresses was carried out by considering different rubber replacement rates and polypropylene fibre contents.The failure modes and mechanical property parameters of different RFRC working conditions were obtained from the experiment to explore the effects of rubber replacement rate and polypropylene fibre content on the biaxial compression-compression properties of RFRC.The following conclusions were drawn.Under the influence of lateral compressive stress,the biaxial compression-compression failure mode gradually developed from a columnar pattern to a flaky pattern,suggesting that the incorporation of rubber and polypropylene fibres into the concrete resulted in a significant change in the development of cracks.For different rubber replacement rates and polypropylene fibre contents,the vertical compressive stress exhibited the same developing trend under the influence of lateral compressive stress.Specifically,the lateral compressive stress imposed the minimum effect on the vertical compressive stress when the rubber replacement rate and polypropylene fibre content were 20%and 0.4%,respectively,and imposed the maximum effect when the rubber replacement rate and polypropylene fibre content were 20%and 0%,respectively.With the increase of rubber replacement rate,the vertical peak stress was significantly reduced,which implies that an appropriate amount of polypropylene fibres can increase the vertical peak stress to a certain extent.Then,the biaxial compression-compression mechanism of RFRC was analysed from the microscopic level by using scanning electron microscope(SEM).Meanwhile,based on Kupfer’s biaxial compression-compression failure criterion and the octahedral stress space,a biaxial compression-compression failure criterion for RFRC was proposed,which was proven to have good applicability.The research results of this study provide important theoretical basis for the engineering application and development of RFRC.

双向拉伸聚乙烯薄膜专用料的结构剖析

利用凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)等对2种进口双向拉伸聚乙烯(BOPE)薄膜专用料(SP3022和TF80)和国产茂金属线型低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE)薄膜专用料(EZP2010HA)的结构和性能进行了分析对比。结果表明:与EZP2010HA相比,SP3022和TF80的熔体流动速率更低,相对分子质量及其分布更宽,密度、熔融温度、结晶温度、结晶度均更高,厚晶片含量更多,剪切黏度更小,更适合双向拉伸加工。

水平双轴加载下带翼缘RC 剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为了揭示双轴耦合效应对不同截面形式带翼缘RC剪力墙多维抗震性能的影响,对3个T形截面和2个L形截面RC剪力墙分别沿其主轴方向进行了低周往复加载试验,对比分析了水平单、双轴加载下带翼缘RC剪力墙的破坏特征、滞回特性、承载力、延性、极限位移角、耗能能力与钢筋应变。研究表明:T形墙和L形墙的破坏均呈现出明显的非对称性,即破坏集中于墙肢自由端,双轴加载加重了带翼缘RC剪力墙的开裂和损伤程度,且易引起剪力墙局部损伤集中;与单轴加载相比,双轴加载不仅削弱了带翼缘RC剪力墙各受力方向的承载力与变形能力、增大了腹板塑性铰区弯曲变形在总变形中的占比、加速了耗能进程、降低了单个方向的耗能能力,并且增大了腹板与翼缘竖向钢筋的应变以及翼缘的剪力滞后效应;双轴耦合效应对L形墙损伤的影响较T形墙更为显著,并导致双轴加载下L形墙各抗震性能指标的衰减程度大于T形墙。考虑双轴受力后,中国抗震规范关于RC剪力墙层间位移角的限值仍较为安全,但安全冗余度降低。

双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜shish-kebab结构的辐照劣化模型研究

高能射线辐照会导致电容器储能介质发生交联和降解等化学变化,进而影响到电容器的宏观电气性能和应用性能。该文以双向拉伸聚丙烯(biaxially oriented polypropylene,BOPP)薄膜典型的串晶结构(shish-kebab)为对象,研究了γ辐照积累剂量D对分子链结构和结晶特性的影响,建立了辐照劣化模型。研究结果表明,当D<10 kGy时,辐照交联和降解反应同时发生且程度相当,结晶度和大分子含量均无明显变化;当D≥10 kGy时,辐照降解反应占主导,shish晶逐渐被破坏,结晶度和大分子含量逐渐下降;当D=1000 kGy时,shish-kebab结构几乎完全破坏,薄膜内主要为片晶和无定形结构。该模型描述了γ辐照下shish-kebab结构的劣化过程,为聚合物晶体结构的辐照老化机理研究提供参考。

电容器用双向拉伸聚4-甲基-1-戊烯(BOPMP)薄膜开发与应用

聚4-甲基-1-戊烯(PMP)是一种具有等规结构的新型热塑性塑料,PMP为结晶性树脂,熔点在235℃~240℃之间,耐热性好,可在高温下使用,并具有卓越的电气绝缘和介电性能。与聚丙烯树脂相比,熔点高60℃,介电常数、介电损耗相近。随着我国电子工业的发展,PMP的用量在近年来有大幅的增长。目前世界上只有日本三井化学株式会社生产,由于产量有限、售价较高,限制了PMP在国内的应用。为此本文尝试采用双向拉伸的方法,试制聚4-甲基-1-戊烯(BOPMP)薄膜,并加工成金属化膜,试制电容器,最后对电容器的性能进行相应测试评价。采用不同牌号原料生产BOPMP薄膜,其电压击穿强度差别较大,不同频率下的BOPMP薄膜电容器损耗角正切值、介电常数均与BOPP薄膜电容器接近,但其高温下的性能有待进一步验证。如何提升BOPMP薄膜电压击穿强度及其耐热性,开发出适宜于双向拉伸的PMP粒子原料,生产出高质量的BOPMP电容薄膜,将是未来重点研究的方向。

干式直流电容器全链条国产化关键技术探讨

高性能薄膜电容器广泛应用于新能源交通工具、输变电工程、医疗救治器械和电磁脉冲武器等领域,其中干式直流电容器更是柔性直流输电的重要装备。目前薄膜电容器生产过程中从原料到重要装备完全依靠国外技术,高端薄膜电容器超净聚丙烯(PP)原料完全依赖从国外进口,加工双向拉伸BOPP薄膜和电极蒸镀等大型生产设备都是从发达国家购买,严重制约了我国薄膜电容器技术研发和工程应用,特别是在当前的复杂国际环境下带来诸多隐患,一旦国外禁止向我国出售相关原料和设备,将严重影响我国高科技领域的发展。由此,在当前复杂的国际环境和我国政府提出的“双碳”目标背景下,必须下大力气着力解决影响薄膜电容器领域发展的诸多关键因素,依靠自主技术服务于新能源系统建设。在国家重点研发计划“干式直流电容器用电介质薄膜材料”重点专项支持下,本文从薄膜电容器用电工级超净PP原料入手,探讨通过相关领域科研院所与相关企业深度合作,进行电工级超净PP原料技术攻关,解决研发验证过程中存在的问题,从全局观出发力图解决我国干式直流电容器工程应用面临的重大问题,形成我国干式直流电容器全链条国产化关键技术。

双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响

为明确MSS、Casciati和Harvey and Gavin这3种常用双向恢复力模型计算基础隔震建筑风振响应的差异,采用3种模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在水平单向和双向位移下的恢复力,对比试验或有限元结果的差异,采用3种模型对一算例在双向风荷载下隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度3个指标的差异进行了分析。研究表明:3种模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在单向循环位移、方形和偏置方形位移下恢复力的趋势基本一致;而模拟圆形和偏置圆形位移时,MSS模型双向恢复力形状与有限元结果不同,不能较为准确地模拟支座双向耦合行为,Casciati模型误差稍小于Harvey and Gavin模型。Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型计算风振响应基本一致;对于横风向响应均方根,3种模型差距不大;对于顺风向隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度均方根,MSS模型稍小,而对于顺、横风向隔震层位移峰值因子,MSS模型稍大;对于顺、横风向顶点加速度峰值因子和双向与单向模型顶点加速度最值比值随风速变化规律,MSS模型与其他模型差异较大。基于双向耦合效应模拟及风振响应指标的差异,建议采用Casciati模型考虑双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响。

H形钢构件双向压弯下全过程弯矩计算模型

为探究可发展全截面塑性的H形钢构件在双向压弯加载全过程中塑性应力及两主轴弯矩的发展机制,基于经由已有实验数据校核过的建模方法,采用ABAQUS建立了不同轴压比、腹板和翼缘宽厚比的H形截面构件在不同加载角度下的参数分析模型。结合有限元分析结果,考察了双向压弯下H形截面钢构件的塑性应力发展规律,引入平截面假定,对其应力分布形式进行一定的简化处理。进一步,通过最小二乘法拟合得到相关参数,建立加载位移、塑性发展程度和宏观承载能力三者之间内在联系,构建H形钢构件双向弯矩的理论计算模型。该模型充分考虑了截面尺寸、位移加载方向角、轴压比和加载位移的影响。通过对模型计算结果的分析,验证了该模型可得到构件在加载任意时刻的应力分布形式,并为考虑一定截面塑性发展的双向抗弯设计提供更为简便的设计方法。

接枝聚丙烯电容薄膜的高温储能特性

随着海上风电、电动汽车和油气勘探的迅速发展,对薄膜电容器的工作温度提出更高的要求。然而,当环境温度达到120℃时,目前使用最为广泛的双向拉伸聚丙烯电容薄膜充放电效率急剧下降,不能满足应用需求。该文制备了苯乙烯接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-St)双向拉伸电介质薄膜,在120℃下,PP-g-St可以将能量密度从0.23 J/cm^(3)提高到1.67 J/cm^(3)(储能效率在90%以上),同时接枝后击穿场强大幅提升,高温泄漏电流得到有效抑制,这源自于接枝后引入的深陷阱限制了载流子的输运。接枝样品中的自聚相经拉伸后与基体具有良好的相容性。该文研究为适用于高温高场条件的聚丙烯基电容器薄膜材料的大规模制备提供可能。

电容器用超净聚丙烯薄膜综合性能比较

研究了不同聚丙烯粒料、不同薄膜生产厂家制备的一系列电容器用超净聚丙烯薄膜的主要性能指标;对比了不同聚丙烯粒子制备电容器膜的结晶特性、热性能、介电性能和绝缘性能等各项性能差异。测试结果表明,部分国产电容器用聚丙烯薄膜性能已达到进口薄膜标准,但仍存在国产膜结晶度偏低、薄型膜质量较差的问题。国产电容器用聚丙烯薄膜距离世界领先水平仍有差距,需要进一步提高国产粒料性能,优化薄膜制备工艺。

Frequency Domain Fatigue Evaluation on SCR Girth-Weld Based on Structural Stress

The Steel Catenary Riser(SCR)is a vital component for transporting oil and gas from the seabed to the floating platform.The harsh environmental conditions and complex platform motion make the SCR’s girth-weld prone to fatigue failure.The structural stress fatigue theory and Master S-N curve method provide accurate predictions for the fatigue damage on the welded joints,which demonstrate significant potential and compatibility in multi-axial and random fatigue evaluation.Here,we propose a new frequency fatigue model subjected to welded joints of SCR under multiaxial stress,which fully integrates the mesh-insensitive structural stress and frequency domain random process and transforms the conventional welding fatigue technique of SCR into a spectrum analysis technique utilizing structural stress.Besides,a full-scale FE model of SCR with welds is established to obtain the modal structural stress of the girth weld and the frequency response function(FRF)of modal coordinate,and a biaxial fatigue evaluation about the girth weld of the SCR can be achieved by taking the effects of multi-load correlation and pipe-soil interaction into account.The research results indicate that the frequency-domain fatigue results are aligned with the time-domain results,meeting the fatigue evaluation requirements of the SCR.

温湿度处理对烟用BOPP膜上机适应性的影响研究

作为包装膜,双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)已广泛应用于卷烟包装领域中。本研究通过设置标准环境和4种非标准环境,对不同型号的烟用BOPP膜进行了详细的处理研究,明确了环境温湿度对BOPP包装膜包括摩擦性能、热封性能、热收缩性能和力学性能4种上机适应性的影响趋势。通过理论计算和分子动力学模拟的方法,验证了烟用BOPP膜在异常温湿度下性能的劣化机制。结果表明,烟用BOPP膜上机适应性均受环境温湿度影响较大。因此,在储存和运输环节应尽量避免异常温湿度,并在性能检测和上机卷接包前进行标准环境的稳定处理。本研究对于企业提高效率和质量控制有重要参考意义。