Combined laparoscopic and endoscopic treatment for bile duct diseases

BACKGROUND: Clinical application of laparoscopy, duo- denoscopy and choledochoscopy has been accepted as a mini-invasive surgical therapy for bile duct diseases; but ei- ther endoscopic or laparoscopic therapy alone is disadvanta- geous in its narrow indications and in failure to give full play to the individual superiority. The present study was to evaluate the procedures and therapeutic results of combined laparoscopic and endoscopic treatment for bile duct disea- ses. METHODS: Clinical data of 1990 patients with bile duct diseases treated by combination of laparoscopy, duodenos- copy and choledochoscopy in two hospitals were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledo- cholithiasis were treated with combined laparoscopy and duodenoscopy (n =1350) in a single operation with a cure rate of 93.6%. Those with choledocholithiasis (n =332) were treated with combined laparoscopy and choledocho- scopy with a cure rate of 100%. Combined laparoscopy, duo- denoscopy and choledochoscopy was used in 258 patients with choledocholithiasis (29 of them complicated with pan- creatitis) and 24 patients with Mirizzi's syndrome, with a cure rate of 100%. Laparoscopic choledochoenterostomy and preoperative endoscopic nasobiliary drainage were done in 26 patients with a cure rate of 100%. There were no serious operative complications. A follow-up study of 1051 patients for 3 months to 12 years (mean 7.8 years) showed that 10 patients had recurrence of stones but no stenosis of the bile duct. CONCLUSION: Combined laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures are mini-invasive and cause less pain and mini- mal operative complications.

Safety and efficacy of Kaffes intraductal self-expanding metal stents in the management of post-liver transplant anastomotic strictures

BACKGROUND Endoscopic management is the first-line therapy for post-liver-transplant anas-tomotic strictures.Although the optimal duration of treatment with plastic stents has been reported to be 8-12 months,data on safety and duration for metal stents in this setting is scarce.Due to limited access to endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography(ERCP)during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in our centre,there was a change in practice towards increased usage and length-of-stay of the Kaffes biliary intraductal self-expanding stent in patients with suitable anatomy.This was mainly due to the theoretical benefit of Kaffes stents allowing for longer indwelling periods compared to the traditional plastic stents.METHODS Adult liver transplant recipients aged 18 years and above who underwent ERCP were retrospectively identified during a 10-year period through a database query.Unplanned admissions post-Kaffes stent insertion were identified manually through electronic and scanned medical records.The main outcome was the incidence of complications when stents were left indwelling for 3 months vs 6 months.Stent efficacy was calculated via rates of stricture recurrence between patients that had stenting courses for≤120 d or>120 d.RESULTS During the study period,a total of 66 ERCPs with Kaffes insertion were performed in 54 patients throughout their stenting course.In 33 ERCPs,the stent was removed or exchanged on a 3-month interval.No pancreatitis,perfor-ations or deaths occurred.Minor post-ERCP complications were similar between the 3-month(abdominal pain and intraductal migration)and 6-month(abdominal pain,septic shower and embedded stent)groups-6.1%vs 9.1%respectively,P=0.40.All strictures resolved at the end of the stenting course,but the stenting course was variable from 3 to 22 months.The recurrence rate for stenting courses lasting for up to 120 d was 71.4%and 21.4%for stenting courses of 121 d or over(P=0.03).There were 28 patients that were treated with a single ERCP with Kaffes,21 with removal after 120 d and 7 within 120 d.There was a significant improvement in stricture recurrence when the Kaffes was removed after 120 d when a single ERCP was used for the entire stenting course(71.0%vs 10.0%,P=0.01).CONCLUSION Utilising a single Kaffes intraductal fully-covered metal stent for at least 4 months is safe and efficacious for the management of post-transplant anastomotic strictures.

Success rate and complications of endoscopic extraction of common bile duct stones over 2 cm in diameter

BACKGROUND:Clinically,common bile duct (CBD) stones >2 cm are difficult to remove by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).To evaluate this observation,the rates of successful clearance of CBD stones and complications were compared between ERCP extraction of CBD stones of >2 cm and <2 cm in diameter.METHODS:All patients who had undergone endoscopic extraction of CBD stones at the Endoscopy Center of Shanghai First People’s Hospital from May 2004 to May 2008 were reviewed.Patients with CBD stones of >2 cm in diameter were enrolled in the >2 cm group.Two matched controls with CBD stones of <2 cm in diameter were selected for each enrolled patient (<2 cm group).Patient characteristics,success rates,and complications during and after ERCP were compared.RESULTS:Seventy-two patients constituted the >2 cm group and 144 patients were in the <2 cm group.No significant differences were found in the patient characteristics,except for stone size and CBD diameter.Both the overall success rate and the success rate in the first ERCP session were lower in the >2 cm group (77.8% and 58.3%,respectively) than in the <2 cm group (91.7% and 83.3%,P<0.01).During ERCP,the incidence of hypoxemia (30.6%) and hemorrhaging papillae (18.1%) in the >2 cm group was higher than in the <2 cm group (13.2% and 6.3%,P<0.05).After ERCP,the rates of delayed papillae hemorrhage (13.9%),hyperamylasemia (23.6%),acute pancreatitis (8.3%) and biliary infection (18.1%) were higher in the >2 cm group than in the <2 cm group (3.5%,11.1%,2.1%,and 2.8%,respectively,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The success rate of endoscopic extraction of CBD stones of >2 cm in diameter was lower but the complication rate was higher than that of stones of <2 cm in diameter.

Comparison of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)in Bile Duct Imaging

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in diagnosing bile duct pathologies. Materials and Methods: We documented the data of 171 patients with both ERCP and MRCP between January 2009 and December 2010 at the Konya Education and Research Hospital. Results: Of the 171 patients, 100 (58.5%) were female and 71 (41.5%) were male. The median age was 63 (55 to 89). ERCP was used to diagnose bile duct stones in 102 (59%) patients, bile duct tumour in 14 (8%) patients, hydatic cysts opening up to the bile duct in 4 (2%) patients and bile duct stenosis in 3 (1.8%) patients. For the detection of bile duct stones, MRCP had a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 74% and a diagnostic accuracy of 83%. For bile duct tumours, MRCP had a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 98% and a diagnostic accuracy rate of 92%. Conclusion: In our centre, the results of MRCP and ERCP were similar for the last two years. However, MRCP was superior with respect to diagnosis as it was cheaper and non-invasive. Thus, ERCP should be preferred for therapeutic processes.

Duplication of the common bile duct manifesting as recurrent pyogenic cholangitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Duplication of the extrahepatic bile duct(DCBD)is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the biliary system.There are five types of DCBD according to the latest classification.Among them,Type V is characterized by single drainage of the extrahepatic bile ducts.Reports on DCBD Type V are scarce.CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old woman presented with recurrent epigastric pain but without fever or chills.Computed tomography revealed a dilated common bile duct(CBD)that harboured multiple choledocholithiasis.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)was performed,and the stones were extracted using a Dormia basket.She was discharged without any complications;however,she visited the emergency department a day after she was discharged due to epigastric pain and fever.Laboratory findings were suggestive of cholestasis.After urgent ERCP for stone removal,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed to evaluate remnant choledocholithiasis.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a DCBD Type Va and remnant choledocholithiasis in the right CBD.Both CBDs were accessed,and the stones were cleared successfully during a subsequent ERCP.CONCLUSION In this article,we report an extremely rare case of DCBD manifesting as recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.This case highlights the importance of recognizing DCBD because stones in the unrecognized bile duct could make the patient’s prognosis critical.

Recurrence of choledocholithiasis following endoscopic bile duct clearance: Long term results and factors associated with recurrent bile duct stones

AIM To evaluate the rate of recurrence of symptomatic chol-edocholithiasis and identify factors associated with the recurrence of bile duct stones in patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) for bile duct stone disease.METHODS All patients who underwent ERCP and EST for bile duct stone disease and had their bile duct cleared from 1/1/2005 until 31/12/2008 was enrolled. All symptomatic recurrences during the study period(until 31/12/2015) were recorded. Clinical and laboratory data potentially associated with common bile duct(CBD) stone recurrence were retrospectively retrieved from patients' files.RESULTS A total of 495 patients were included. Sixty seven(67) out of 495 patients(13.5%) presented with recurrent symptomatic choledocholithiasis after 35.28 ± 16.9 mo while twenty two(22) of these patients(32.8%) experienced a second recurrence after 35.19 ± 23.2 mo. Factors associated with recurrence were size(diameter) of the largest CBD stone found at first presentation(10.2 ± 6.9 mm vs 7.2 ± 4.1 mm, P = 0.024), diameter of the CBD at the first examination(15.5 ± 6.3 mm vs 12.0 ± 4.6 mm, P = 0.005), use of mechanical lithotripsy(ML)(P = 0.04) and presence of difficult lithiasis(P = 0.04). Periampullary diverticula showed a trend towards significance(P = 0.066). On the contrary, number of stones, angulation of the CBD, number of ERCP sessions required to clear the CBD at first presentation, more than one ERCP session needed to clear the bile duct initially and a gallbladder in situ did not influence recurrence. CONCLUSION Bile duct stone recurrence is a possible late complication following endoscopic stone extraction and CBD clearance. It appears to be associated with anatomical parameters(CBD diameter) and stone characteristics(stone size, use of ML, difficult lithiasis) at first presentation.

Successful endoscopic treatment of an intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct

We present a case of a 76-year-old man with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and weight loss,who was found to have an intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB)of the pancreaticobiliary subtype,deemed curatively resectable.The patient declined surgery and opted for endoscopic therapy.He underwent two sessions of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)-guided radiofrequency ablation(RFA).Ten months later,no evidence of recurrence was identified on repeat ERCP.To our knowledge,this is the first reported case of successful use of RFA as a primary treatment modality for resectable IPNB.

Bile duct cyst in adults:Interventional treatment,resection,or transplantation?

Cystic dilatations of the bile ducts may be found along the extrahepatic biliary tree,within the liver,or in both of these locations simultaneously.Presentation in adults is often associated with complications.The therapeutic possibilities have changed considerably over the last few decades.If possible,complete resection of the cyst(s)can cure the symptoms and avoid the risk of malignancy.According to the type of bile duct cyst,surgical procedures include the Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and variable types of hepatic resection.However,the diffuse forms of Todani type Ⅴ cysts(Caroli disease and Caroli syndrome)in particular remain a therapeutic problem,and liver transplantation has become an important option.The mainstay of interventional treatment for Todani typeⅢbile duct cysts is via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.The diagnostic term"bile duct cyst"comprises quite different pathological and clinical entities.Interventional therapy,hepatic resection,and liver transplantation all have their place in the treatment of this heterogeneous disease group.They should not be seen as competitive treatment modalities,but as complementary options.Each patient should receive individualized treatment after all of the clinical findings have been considered by an interdisciplinary team.

Iatrogenic bile duct injuries:Etiology,diagnosis and management

Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (IBDI) remain an important problem in gastrointestinal surgery. They are most frequently caused by laparoscopic cholecystectomy which is one of the commonest surgical procedures in the world. The early and proper diagnosis of IBDI is very important for surgeons and gastroenterologists, because unrecognized IBDI lead to serious complications such as biliary cirrhosis, hepatic failure and death. Laboratory and radiological investigations play an important role in the diagnosis of biliary injuries. There are many classifications of IBDI. The most popular and simple classification of IBDI is the Bismuth scale. Endoscopic techniques are recommended for initial treatment of IBDI. When endoscopic treatment is not effective, surgical management is considered. Different surgical reconstructions are performed in patients with IBDI. According to the literature, Roux- en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is the most frequent surgical reconstruction and recommended by most authors. In the opinion of some authors, a more physiological and equally effective type of reconstruction is end- to-end ductal anastomosis. Long term results are the most important in the assessment of the effectiveness of IBDI treatment. There are a few classifications for the long term results in patients treated for IBDI; the Terblanche scale, based on clinical biliary symptoms, is regarded as the most useful classification. Proper diagnosis and treatment of IBDI may avoid many serious complications and improve quality of life.

Impact of previous cyst-enterostomy on patients' outcome following resection of bile duct cysts

AIM:To analyze the impact of previous cyst-enterostomy of patients underwent congenital bile duct cysts(BDC) resection.METHODS:A multicenter European retrospective study between 1974 and 2011 were conducted by the French Surgical Association.Only Todani subtypes I and IVb were included.Diagnostic imaging studies and operative and pathology reports underwent central revision.Patients with and without a previous history of cystenterostomy(CE) were compared.RESULTS:Among 243 patients with Todani types I and IVb BDC,16 had undergone previous CE(6.5%).Patients with a prior history of CE experienced a greater incidence of preoperative cholangitis(75% vs 22.9%,P < 0.0001),had more complicated presentations(75% vs 40.5%,P = 0.007),and were more likely to have synchronous biliary cancer(31.3% vs 6.2%,P = 0.004) than patients without a prior CE.Overall morbidity(75% vs 33.5%;P < 0.0008),severe complications(43.8% vs 11.9%;P = 0.0026) and reoperation rates(37.5% vs 8.8%;P = 0.0032) were also significantly greater in patients with previous CE,and their Mayo Risk Score,during a median follow-up of 37.5 mo(range:4-372 mo) indicated significantly more patients with fair and poor results(46.1% vs 15.6%;P = 0.0136).CONCLUSION:This is the large series to show that previous CE is associated with poorer short-and longterm results after Todani types I and IVb BDC resection.

SpyGlass临床应用的现状

近年来胆道镜技术发展迅速,单人操作的胆道镜系统SpyGlass借助其细小、操作简单、能够直观且清晰地观察胆胰管等优势逐渐应用于临床。对于一些使用传统方法诊治困难的胆胰管疾病,SpyGlass内镜直视系统相较于传统方法在这些疾病的诊治上具有更大的优势,它能够更加直观地观察胆管及胰管,同时也能够在管腔中做一些治疗性的操作及取样,从而提高胆胰管疾病的诊断准确性。本文总结了SpyGlass在胆胰管疾病方面的临床应用现状。分析表明SpyGlass对胆胰管疾病的诊治有显著价值,参考其在这些方面的应用,可以将其拓展使用至其他疾病的诊治中去。随着技术愈加成熟,SpyGlass必将在未来有更好的发展应用。

IgG4相关消化系统疾病临床误诊分析

目的 分析IgG4相关消化系统疾病的诊断措施及误诊原因、防范措施。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2023年6月误诊为胰腺癌或胆管癌等消化道肿瘤的IgG4相关消化系统疾病9例的临床资料。结果 4例因黄疸入院,4例因腹痛入院,1例因腹痛腹泻、发热为主要表现入院。其中8例IgG4升高,1例IgG4正常。3例癌胚抗原及癌抗原125(CA125)升高,2例CA199升高,2例抗核抗体升高,2例类风湿因子升高。2例甲状腺功能异常,3例肝功能异常。2例血糖高,3例淀粉酶及脂肪酶升高。5例误诊胰腺癌,3例误诊为胆管癌,1例误诊为肠道淋巴瘤。误诊时间为2个月~1.5年。本组均行活检,结合CT、MR考虑IgG4相关消化系统疾病。确诊后予糖皮质激素治疗,症状均改善,复查肿瘤标志物及IgG4均正常。2例症状改善后自行停药,再次出现腹痛症状,IgG4再次升高,再次给予糖皮质激素治疗有效。目前所有患者均在随访中,未发现有消化道肿瘤证据。结论 IgG4相关消化系统疾病缺乏特异性临床表现及检查方法,容易误诊为消化道肿瘤,临床医生应该提高对该病的认识,及时完善相关检查,并结合病史、影像学、病理检查等结果综合分析,确诊者应早期使用糖皮质激素治疗。

Association of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in a province of western Hungary with disease phenotype:Results of a 25-year follow-up study

IBD is a systemic disease associated with a large number of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs). Our aim was to determine the prevalence of EIMs in a large IBD cohort in Veszprem Province in a 25-year follow-up study.METHODS: Eight hundred and seventy-three IBD patients were enrolled (ulcerative colitis/UC/: 619, m/f: 317/302,mean age at presentation: 38.3 years, average disease duration: 11.2 years; Crohn's disease/CD/: 254, m/f: 125/129,mean age at presentation: 32.5 years, average disease duration: 9.2 years). Intestinal, extraintestinal signs and laboratory tests were monitored regularly. Any alteration suggesting an EIMs was investigated by a specialist.RESULTS: A total of 21.3% of patients with IBD had EIM (UC: 15.0%, CD: 36.6%). Age at presentation did not affect the likelihood of EIM. Prevalence of EIMs was higher in women and in CD, ocular complications and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were more frequent in UC. In UC there was an increased tendency of EIM in patients with a more extensive disease.Joint complications were more frequent in CD (22.4% VS UC 10.2%, P＜0.01). In UC positive family history increased the risk of joint complications (OR:3.63). In CD the frequency of type-1 peripheral arthritis was increased in patients with penetrating disease (P=0.028). PSC was present in 1.6% in UC and 0.8% in CD. Dermatological complications were present in 3.8% in UC and 10.2% in CD, the rate of ocular complications was around 3% in both diseases. Rare complications were glomerulonephritis, autoimmune hemolytic anaemia and celiac disease.CONCLUSION: Prevalence of EIM in Hungarian IBD patients is in concordance with data from Western countries. The high number of EIM supports a role for complex follow-up in these patients.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTDr. Zsuzsanna Erdelyi, Dr. Agnes Horvath, Dr Gabor Mester (Veszprem), Dr. Sandor Meszaros (Ajka), Dr. Csaba Molnar help in data collection and to Gabriella Demenyi for technical assistance.

Mirizzi syndrome in an anomalous cystic duct:A case report

Mirizzi syndrome is a rare complication of gallstone disease,and results in partial obstruction of the common bile duct or a cholecystobiliary fistula. Moreover,congenital anatomical variants of the cystic duct are common,occurring in 18%-23% of cases,but Mirizzi syndrome underlying an anomalous cystic duct is an important clinical consideration. Here,we present an unusual case of typeⅠMirizzi syndrome with an uncommon anomalous cystic duct,namely,a low lateral insertion of the cystic duct with a common sheath of cystic duct and common bile duct.

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography image enhancement for automatic disease detection

AIM:To sufficiently improve magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) quality to enable reliable computer-aided diagnosis(CAD).METHODS:A set of image enhancement strategies that included filters(i.e.Gaussian,median,Wiener and Perona-Malik),wavelets(i.e.contourlet,ridgelet and a non-orthogonal noise compensation implementation),graph-cut approaches using lazy-snapping and Phase Unwrapping MAxflow,and binary thresholding using a fixed threshold and dynamic thresholding via histogram analysis were implemented to overcome the adverse characteristics of MRCP images such as acquisition noise,artifacts,partial volume effect and large inter-and intra-patient image intensity variations,all of which pose problems in application development.Subjective evaluation of several popular pre-processing techniques was undertaken to improve the quality of the 2D MRCP images and enhance the detection of the significant biliary structures within them,with the purpose of biliary disease detection.RESULTS:The results varied as expected since each algorithm capitalized on different characteristics of the images.For denoising,the Perona-Malik and contourlet approaches were found to be the most suitable.In terms of extraction of the significant biliary structures and removal of background,the thresholding approaches performed well.The interactive scheme performed the best,especially by using the strengths of the graphcut algorithm enhanced by user-friendly lazy-snapping for foreground and background marker selection.CONCLUSION:Tests show promising results for some techniques,but not others,as viable image enhancement modules for automatic CAD systems for biliary and liver diseases.

Current status of peroral cholangioscopy in biliary tract diseases

Peroral cholangioscopy(POC) is an important tool for the management of a selected group of biliary diseases. Because of its direct visualization, POC allows targeted diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. POC can be performed using a dedicated cholangioscope that is advanced through the accessory channel of a duodenoscope or via the insertion of a small-diameter endoscope directly into the bile duct. POC was first described in the 1970 s, but the use of earlier generation devices was substantially limited by the cumbersome equipment setup and high repair costs. For nearly ten years, several technical improvements, including the single-operator system, high-quality images, the development of dedicated accessories and the increased size of the working channel, have led to increased diagnostic accuracy, thus assisting in the differentiation of benign and malignant intraductal lesions, targeting biopsies and the precise delineation of intraductal tumor spread before surgery. Furthermore, lithotripsy of difficult bile duct stones, ablative therapies for biliary malignancies and direct biliary drainage can be performed under POC control. Recent developments of new types of conventional POCs allow feasible, safe and effective procedures at reasonable costs. In the current review, we provide an updated overview of POC, focusing our attention on the main current clinical applications and on areas for future research.

胰胆管水成像和稳态快速成像技术在胆总管梗阻疾病的诊断价值

目的:比较2D、3D胰胆管成像(MRCP)和稳态快速成像技术(FIESTA)三种成像技术对胆总管系统梗阻疾病的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析均行2D、3D MRCP及FIESTA三种序列成像的胆总管梗阻疾病的病例44例,其中胆总管结石35例,胰头癌3例,急性胰腺炎3例,胆囊癌2例,十二指肠恶性肿瘤1例。依据图像质量评价标准对44例2D、3D MRCP和FIESTA图像质量进行评价,并以手术为金标准,采用χ^(2)检验比较2D MRCP、2D联合3D MRCP以及2D、3D MRCP联合FIESTA三种成像对胆总管梗阻疾病诊断准确率的差异。结果:2D MRCP、3D MRCP、FIESTA三种成像图像质量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2D MRCP的图像质量要优于3D MRCP及FIESTA,而后两者图像质量无明显差异。44例中2D MRCP诊断准确率为77.3%,2D MRCP联合3DMRCP诊断准确率为88.6%,2D、3D MRCP联合FIESTA诊断准确率为97.7%,三种方法诊断准确率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:三种成像序列中,2D MRCP的图像质量优于3DMRCP及FIESTA;2D和3D MRCP联合FIESTA成像技术能明显提高胆总管梗阻疾病的诊断正确率,更全面揭示胆管梗阻疾病病因,具有较高的临床应用价值。

影响腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的相关危险因素研究

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发胆管损伤的相关危险因素,以减少胆管损伤的发生率,改善患者预后。方法察看2003年12月至2013年12月在该院行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的1 244例患者的病历及病程记录。对患者性别、年龄、行LC术时间、病理、胆囊壁厚度、术前肝功水平、是否存在胆囊三角解剖异常情况和医师经验等因素与LC并发胆管损伤的相关性进行Logistic回归分析。结果 LC手术时间早、急性胆囊炎患者、合并胆囊积液的胆结石患者、胆囊壁厚度大于4mm、胆囊三角解剖存在变异情况和医师经验不足是LC手术并发胆管损伤的高危险因素(P<0.05)。结论针对LC并发胆管损伤的高危因素,术中采用合理手段降低胆管损伤的发生率,术后积极交流学习增加医师LC术的技巧与经验。

多层螺旋CT多平面重组技术在胆总管结石中的应用

目的比较多层螺旋CT增强前后横断面扫描图像和增强后MPR技术在诊断可疑低位胆道梗阻患者中差异,探讨MPR技术在胆总管结石诊断中的应用价值。方法对46例胆道扩张的患者行MSCT扫描。两位医师进行盲法阅片,以手术或胆道造影为标准,比较增强前后横断面扫描图像对胆总管结石检出的差异,评价了增强后横断面扫描图像和增强后MPR图像的价值并进行统计学处理。分析以上三者对不同类型结石的诊断差异。结果增强前后横断面扫描图像对胆总管结石诊断的敏感性分别为82.1%和89.3%,特异性分别为77.8%和88.9%,准确性分别为80.4%和89.1%。在结石诊断中,增强后MPR图像的价值显著高于增强后横断面扫描图像(P<0.05)。增强前后横断面扫描图像和增强后MPR对软组织密度结石(6/8例,8/8例,8/8例)和胆汁密度结石(0/4例,2/4例,4/4例)的检出不同。结论增强后MPR提高了低位胆道梗阻的鉴别诊断能力,有利于常规平扫或增强横断面扫描图像难以发现的胆汁密度结石及小结石的检出,且能直观显示胆道内结石的数目。

腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合十二指肠镜下乳头切开术治疗胆石症合并胆总管末端狭窄或细径胆总管结石效果观察

目的研究胆石症合并胆总管末端狭窄或细径胆总管结石患者应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合十二指肠镜下乳头切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)治疗的临床效果。方法选择武警河南总队医院2008年7月—2013年7月收治的87例胆石症合并胆总管末端狭窄或细径胆总管结石,依据治疗方式分为研究组(n=45)与对照组(n=42),对照组行常规开腹手术治疗,研究组行LC联合EST治疗。对比观察两组结石取出情况,术中出血量,手术时间,住院时间,术后3、7 d血中直接胆红素、白细胞计数、丙氨酸转氨酶、C-反应蛋白的变化,术后并发症发生及结石复发情况。结果两组结石均取净,无残留结石。与对照组比较,研究组术中出血量少,手术时间、住院时间短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3、7 d血中直接胆红素、白细胞计数、丙氨酸转氨酶、C-反应蛋白均低于对照组(P<0.05);术后并发症发生率及结石复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胆石症合并胆总管末端狭窄或细径胆总管结石患者应用LC联合EST治疗,不仅结石取净率高,手术时间、住院时间短,术中出血量、并发症少,而且术后梗阻性黄疸消解迅速、肝功能恢复快、炎症反应少,临床应结合患者具体情况制定个体化治疗方案予以推广。