胃癌Billroth Ⅱ式胃切除术对合并2型糖尿病患者的治疗价值

目的探讨胃癌BillrothⅡ式胃切除术对合并2型糖尿病患者糖代谢的影响。方法回顾性观察7例体重指数(BMI)<35kg/m2合并2型糖尿病的病人因胃癌接受BillrothⅡ式胃切除手术前后血糖控制情况以及糖尿病治疗的变化。结果7例均成功完成了根治性BillrothⅡ式胃切除术,4例行腹腔镜手术,3例行开腹手术。术后未发生严重并发症。术前空腹血糖(FPG)6.6～9.0mmol/L,平均8.1mmol/L;糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)6.8%～9.5%,平均7·8%。术后1～8个月复查FPG4.8～7.9mmol/L,平均6.4mmol/L;HbA1c5.5%～7.2%,平均6.3%。据美国糖尿病协会(ADA)糖尿病疗效判断标准,4例治愈,3例改善。结论胃癌BillrothⅡ式胃切除术可治疗胃癌患者合并的2型糖尿病。

Retrieval-balloon-assisted enterography for ERCP after Billroth Ⅱ gastroenterostomy and Braun anastomosis

AIM: To describe an optimal route to the Braun anastomosis including the use of retrieval-balloon-assisted enterography.METHODS: Patients who received a Billroth Ⅱ gastroenterostomy(n = 109) and a Billroth Ⅱ gastroenterostomy with Braun anastomosis(n = 20) between January 2009 and May 2013 were analyzed in this study. Endoscopic ret-rograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) was performed under fluoroscopic control using a total length of 120 cm oblique-viewing duodenoscope with a 3.7-mm diameter working channel. For this procedure, we used a triplelumen retrieval balloon catheter in which a 0.035-inch guidewire could be inserted into the "open-channel" guidewire lumen while the balloon could be simultaneously injected and inflated through the other 2 lumens.RESULTS: For the patients with Billroth Ⅱ gastroenterostomy and Braun anastomosis, successful access to the papilla was gained in 17 patients(85%) and there was therapeutic success in 16 patients(80%). One patient had afferent loop perforation, but postoperative bleeding did not occur. For Billroth Ⅱ gastroenterostomy, there was failure in accessing the papilla in 15 patients(13.8%). ERCP was unsuccessful because of tumor infiltration(6 patients), a long afferent loop(9 patients), and cannulation failure(4 patients). The papilla was successfully accessed in 94 patients(86.2%), and there was therapeutic success in 90 patients(82.6%). Afferent loop perforation did not occur in any of these patients. One patient had hemorrhage 2 h after ERCP, which was successfully managed with conservative treatment.CONCLUSION: Retrieval-balloon-assisted enterography along an optimal route may improve the ERCP success rate after Billroth Ⅱ gastroenterostomy and Braun anastomosis.

Utility of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography on biliopancreatic diseases in patients with Billroth Ⅱ-reconstructed stomach

AIM To examine the utility of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) on biliopancreatic diseases in the patients with Billroth II-reconstructed stomach.METHODS For 26 cases of biliopancreatic diseases in patients with Billroth Ⅱ-reconstructed stomach,ERCP was conducted using a straight-view scope or a retrograde obliqueviewing endoscope.All the cases were patients aiming at selective insertion into the bile duct.One patient aimed at diagnosis,and 25 patients aimed at treatment.The cases in which the endoscope reached the duodenal papilla and anastomosis,and insertion into the bile duct became possible,were considered successful.RESULTS The rate of reaching the duodenal papilla and anastomosis was 84.7%(22/26 patients).Among the cases without reaching the duodenal papilla and anastomosis,there were 2 in which the endoscope did not pass due to tumor-induced duodenal infiltration.In 1 case,the fiber did not reach the duodenal papilla due to long afferent loop.The success rate of insertion into the bile duct in patients in which the endoscope reached the duodenal papilla and anastomosis was 90.9%(20/22 patients),and the success rate of procedures including treatment was 86.3%(19/22 patients).After treatment,mild cholangitis was observed in 1 patient(4.5%,1/22 patients) but relieved conservatively.No other accidental symptom was observed.CONCLUSION It was considered that the ERCP for biliopancreatic diseases in patients with Billroth II-reconstructed stomach will become a less invasive,safe and useful examination and treatment approach.

胃镜治疗Billroth Ⅱ式胃大部切除术后输出襻嵌顿性胃石1例

病例：患者女性,68岁,因“上腹部饱胀不适伴呕吐1周,黑便2 d”于2015-11-22入院。入院前1周患者无明显诱因出现上腹部饱胀不适,进食后明显,伴恶心呕吐,呕吐物为胃内容物,无呕血,呕吐后症状短暂好转。入院前2 d出现黑便,1次/d,每次量约50~100 g,无头昏乏力。起病后精神可,无明显体质量下降。20年前曾行“胃淋巴瘤切除术”。1年前胃镜检查诊断：吻合口炎,残胃炎。

侧视十二指肠镜诊治胃Billroth Ⅱ式术后胆管结石

目的探讨侧视十二指肠镜Billroth-Ⅱ式术后胆管结石的诊治技术。方法用侧视十二指肠镜对152例Billroth-Ⅱ式术后的患者进行ERCP检查的同时43例经内镜乳头括约肌切开(EST)、6例经内镜乳头气囊扩张术(EPBD)取石。结果 152例ERCP成功119(78.3%)例,失败33(21.7%)例。49例EST及取石治疗,成功41(83.7%)例,并发消化道大出血4例。全组诊疗无消化道穿孔及死亡患者。结论侧视十二指肠镜进行Billroth-Ⅱ式术后胆管结石的诊治成功率较高,临床实用。

胃癌远端胃切除术后Roux-en-Y与Billroth Ⅱ消化道重建术的比较研究

目的:应用Meta分析对胃癌根治性远端胃大部切除术后Roux-en-Y与BillrothⅡ消化道重建术的效果进行比较。方法:检索Pubmed、Cochrane、Ovid、CBM、CNKI等数据库,共检索到2 966篇文献,测量指标有:术后早期并发症、倾倒综合征、反流性食管炎、残胃炎、住院时间、手术时间。并用Rev Man5.3进行统计分析。结果:纳入12篇文献进行研究,总样本量为1 288例,其中Roux-en-Y组627例,行BillrothⅡ组661例。Meta分析结果显示,Roux-en-Y组术后倾倒综合征发生率(OR 0.20;95%CI 0.10-0.40;P<0.00 001)、反流性食管炎发生率(OR 0.36;95%CI 0.20-0.66;P=0.007)、残胃炎发生率(OR 0.07;95%CI 0.04-0.14;P<0.000 01)低于BillrothⅡ组。Roux-en-Y组比BillrothⅡ组手术时间长(WMD 22.0;95%CI 0.66,43.74;P=0.04)。而Roux-en-Y组与BillrothⅡ组患者术后早期并发症(OR 0.81;95%CI 0.57-1.15;P=0.24)、住院时间(WMD-2.38;95%CI-5.01-0.25;P=0.08)没有统计学意义。结论:在此Meta分析的基础上可以认为Roux-en-Y重建术优于BillrothⅡ重建术,有利于提高患者的生存质量,是值得推广的远端胃癌手术方式。

Billroth Ⅱ式胃大部分切除术后输入袢急性绞窄性完全梗阻26例分析

目的为避免BillrothⅡ式胃大部分切除术后并发输入袢急性绞窄性完全梗阻。方法对 2 6例BillrothⅡ式胃大部分切除病人术后并发急性输入袢梗阻的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果6例肠坏死穿孔伴中毒性休克 ,3例死于术后中毒性休克与多器官功能衰竭。

Double balloon endoscopy increases the ERCP success rate in patients with a history of Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy

AIM:To evaluate the effect of double balloon endoscope(DBE)on the endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP)success rate in patients with a history of BillrothⅡ(BⅡ)gastrectomy.METHODS:From April 2006 to March 2007,32 patients with a BⅡgastrectomy underwent 34 ERCP attempts.In all cases,the ERCP procedures were started using a duodenoscope.If intubation of the afferent loop or reaching the papilla failed,we changed to DBE for the ERCP procedure(DBE-ERCP).We assessed the success rate of afferent loop intubation,reaching the major papilla,selective cannulation,possibility of therapeutic approaches,procedure-related complications,and the overall success rate.RESULTS:Among the 32 patients with a history of BⅡgastrectomy,the duodenoscope was successfully passed up to the papilla in 22 patients(69%),and cannulation was successfully performed in 20 patients(63%).Six patients(2 with failure in afferent loop intubation and 4 with failure in reaching the papilla)underwent DBE-ERCP.The DBE reached the papilla in all the 6 patients(100%)and selective cannulation was successful in 5 patients(83%).Four patients(67%)who had common bile duct stones were successfully treated.One patient underwent diagnostic ERCP only and the other one,in whom selective cannulation failed,was diagnosed with papilla cancer proven by biopsy.There were no complications related to the DBE.The overall ERCP success rate increased to 88%(28/32).CONCLUSION:The overall ERCP success rate increases with DBE in patients with a previous BⅡgastrectomy.

Comparison between laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y and Billroth Ⅱ with Braun anastomosis after distal gastrectomy:A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Conventional Billroth Ⅱ(BⅡ) anastomosis after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(LDG) for gastric cancer(GC) is associated with bile reflux gastritis, and Roux-enY anastomosis is associated with Roux-Y stasis syndrome(RSS). The uncut Rouxen-Y(URY) gastrojejunostomy reduces these complications by blocking the entry of bile and pancreatic juice into the residual stomach and preserving the impulse originating from the duodenum, while BⅡ with Braun(BB) anastomosis reduces the postoperative biliary reflux without RSS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic URY with BB anastomosis in patients with GC who underwent radical distal gastrectomy.AIM To evaluate the value of URY in patients with GC.METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Database, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals(VIP) were used to search relevant studies published from January 1994 to August 18, 2021. The following databases were also used in our search: Clinicaltrials.gov, Data Archiving and Networked Services, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal(https://www.who.int/clinical-trials-registry-platform/the-ictrp-search-portal), the reference lists of articles and relevant conference proceedings in August 2021. In addition, we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com). We cited highquality references using its results analysis functionality. The methodological quality of the eligible randomized clinical trials(RCTs) was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and the non-RCTs were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager(Version 5.4).RESULTS Eight studies involving 704 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The incidence of reflux gastritis [odds ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.03-0.19, P < 0.00001] was significantly lower in the URY group than in the BB group. The pH of the postoperative gastric fluid was lower in the URY group than in the BB group at 1 d [mean difference(MD) =-2.03, 95%CI:(-2.73)-(-1.32),P < 0.00001] and 3 d [MD =-2.03, 95%CI:(-2.57)-(-2.03), P < 0.00001] after the operation. However,no significant difference in all the intraoperative outcomes was found between the two groups.CONCLUSION This work suggests that URY is superior to BB in gastrointestinal reconstruction after LDG when considering postoperative outcomes.

Randomized controlled trial of uncut Roux-en-Y vs Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: Which technique is better for avoiding biliary reflux and gastritis?

AIM To identify which technique is better for avoiding biliary reflux and gastritis between uncut Roux-en-Y and Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction. METHODS A total of 158 patients who underwent laparoscopyassisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer at the First Hospital of Jilin University(Changchun, China) between February 2015 and February 2016 were randomized into two groups: uncut Roux-en-Y(group U) and Billroth II group(group B). Postoperative complications and relevant clinical data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS According to the randomization table, each group included 79 patients. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between groups U and B(7.6% vs 10.1%, P = 0.576). During the postoperative period, group U stomach p H values were lower than 7 and group B p H values were higher than 7. After 1 year of follow-up, group B presented a higher incidence of biliary reflux and alkaline gastritis. However, histopathology did not show a significant difference in gastritis diagnosis(P = 0.278), and the amount of residual food and gain of weight between the groups were also not significantly different. At 3 mo there was no evidence of partial recanalization of uncut staple line, but at 1 year the incidence was 13%. CONCLUSION Compared with Billroth II reconstruction, uncut Rouxen-Y reconstruction is secure and feasible, and can effectively reduce the incidence of alkaline reflux, residual gastritis, and heartburn. Despite the incidence of recanalization, uncut Roux-en-Y should be widely applied.

Billroth Ⅱ联合Braun吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的应用效果

探讨腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中应用BillrothⅡ联合Braun吻合的临床效果。选取我院实施全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术的116例患者进行回顾性分析。根据吻合方式分为联合组58例(采用BillrothⅡ联合Braun吻合)、对照组58例(BillrothⅡ吻合),对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、手术费用、住院时间等指标,并观察两种吻合方式的并发症、体质量、总蛋白、营养指数(PNI)。联合组手术时间、清扫淋巴结数目和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),联合组术中出血量、手术费用显著高于对照组(P <0.05),联合组进食流质饮食时间、住院时间显著低于对照组(P <0.05);术后3个月、6个月,联合组总蛋白下降值显著低于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),联合组PNI指数显著高于对照组(P <0.05);术后3个月,联合组体质量下降值显著低于对照组(P <0.05);联合组术后并发症率显著低于对照组(χ2=4.209,P <0.05)。腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中应用BillrothⅡ联合Braun吻合较单纯BillrothⅡ式吻合能缩短患者术后康复时间,对患者术后体质量、营养指标影响更小。

Does the addition of Braun anastomosis to Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction on laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy benefit patients?

BACKGROUND Operation is the primary therapeutic option for patients with distal gastrectomy.Braun anastomosis is usually performed after Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction,which is wildly applied on distal gastrectomy because it is believed to benefit patients.However,studies are needed to confirm that.AIM To identify whether the addition of Braun anastomosis to Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction on laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy benefits patients.METHODS A total of 143 patients with gastric cancer underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy at Centre 1 of PLA general hospital between January 2015 and December 2019.Clinical data of the patients were collected,and 93 of the 143 patients were followed up.These 93 patients were divided into two groups:Group 1(Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction,33 patients);and Group 2(Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction combined with Braun anastomosis,60 patients).Postoperative complication follow-up data and relevant clinical data were compared between the two groups.RESULTS There were no significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2 in postoperative complications(6.1%vs 6.7%,P=0.679),anal exhaust time or blood loss.The follow-up prevalence of reflux gastritis indicated no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2(68.2%vs 51.7%,P=0.109).The followup European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 scores revealed no evident difference between Group 1 and Group 2 as well.Group 1 had a shorter operating time than Group 2 on average(234.6 min vs 262.0 min,P=0.017).CONCLUSION Combined with Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction,Braun anastomosis has been applied due to its ability to reduce the prevalence of reflux gastritis.Whereas in this study,the prevalence of reflux gastritis showed no significant difference,leading to a conclusion that under the circumstance of Braun anastomosis costing more time and more money,simple Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction should be widely applied.

Laparoscopy-assisted D2 radical distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer (Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis)

Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy has been increasingly applied in China. However, how to reduce surgery-related trauma, shorten operative time and achieve the long-term prognosis equal to the conventional open surgery is still hot research topics. Along with the change in learning curve and the optimization of endoscopic techniques, laparoscopic lymph node dissection can achieve or even exceed the extent that can be achieved in open surgery. Therefore, it has gradually replaced the conventional digestive tract reconstruction using an auxiliary incision. By completing the laparoscopic digestive tract reconstruction with EndoGIA, we describe the laparoscopy-assisted D2 radical distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer （Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis）.

入口上提的改良Billroth Ⅱ+Brown吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的应用价值

目的:比较入口上提的改良BillrothⅡ+Brown吻合术与传统BillrothⅡ+Brown吻合术在全腔镜下远端胃癌根治性切除术中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2020年1月至2022年3月收治的182例胃癌患者的临床资料,其中92例术中行入口上提的改良BillrothⅡ+Brown吻合术(观察组),90例行传统BillrothⅡ+Brown吻合术(对照组),对比分析两组患者术中情况(包括手术时间、消化道重建时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量)、术后早期肠道功能恢复情况(包括术后首次排气时间及首次下床活动时间)、并发症(包括术后十二指肠残端漏,输入袢、输出袢梗阻等)及术后半年内随访相关指标(包括胆汁反流、反流性胃炎等)。结果:两组手术时间、消化道重建时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量差异无统计学意义,观察组术后早期排气时间[(2.60±0.70)d vs.(3.10±1.20)d]、术后首次下床活动时间[(3.20±1.50)d vs.(5.10±1.30)d]早于对照组(P<0.05)。在术后并发症方面,观察组输入袢梗阻发生率(1.09%vs.7.78%)、总并发症发生率(6.52%vs.12.22%)低于对照组(P<0.05),两组在吻合口漏、输出袢梗阻等方面差异无统计学意义。在远期并发症方面,对照组胆汁反流、胃炎更严重,差异有统计学意义,两组Clavien-Dindo术后分级差异无统计学意义。结论:入口上提的改良BillrothⅡ+Brown吻合方式是安全、可行的,在术后肠道功能早期恢复、减少术后并发症、改善术后生活质量方面较传统吻合方式更具优势,具有较高的临床应用价值,值得推广。

ERCP for patients who have undergone Billroth Ⅱ gastroenterostomy and Braun anastomosis

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is efficacious in patients who have undergone Billroth II gastroenterostomies, but the success rate decreases in patients who also have experienced Braun anastomoses. There are currently no reports describing the preferred enterography route for cannulation in these patients. We first review the patient&#x02019;s previous surgery records, which most often indicate that the efferent loop is at the greater curvature of the stomach. We recommend extending the duodenoscope along the greater curvature of the stomach and then advancing it through the &#x0201c;lower entrance&#x0201d; at the site of the gastrojejunal anastomosis, along the efferent loop, and through the &#x0201c;middle entrance&#x0201d; at the site of the Braun anastomosis to reach the papilla of Vater. Ten patients who had each undergone Billroth II gastroenterostomy and Braun anastomosis between January 2009 and December 2011 were included in our study. The overall success rate of enterography was 90% for the patients who had undergone Billroth II gastroenterostomy and Braun anastomosis, and the therapeutic success rate was 80%. We believe that this enterography route for ERCP is optimal for a patient who has had Billroth II gastroenterostomy and Braun anastomosis and helps to increase the success rate of the procedure.

胃大部分切除术(Billroth Ⅱ式)十二指肠残端处理体会

目的探讨胃大部切除术(BillrothⅡ式)中十二指肠残端的处理方法。方法回顾性分析1990～2006年收治的624例胃手术患者的临床资料。结果624例患者中有218例行BillrothⅡ式胃大部切除术,218例患者中无十二指肠残端瘘。结论十二指肠残端处理困难的患者,只要选择适当的处理方法,十二指肠残端瘘是可以预防的。

布朗式吻合术在Billroth Ⅱ式胃大部切除术中的应用效果

目的:观察布朗式吻合术在预防BillrothⅡ式胃大部切除术后并发碱性反流性胃炎及十二指肠残端破裂的效果。方法:将Bill-rothⅡ式胃大部切除术病例随机分为两组,对照组(传统BillrothⅡ胃大部切除术组)30例,实验组(BillrothⅡ式胃大部切除术+布朗式吻合术组)55例,对比两组手术效果。结果:对照组发生重度反流21例,轻度反流9例,无反流0例,反流率100%,发生十二指肠破裂1例;实验组发生重度反流0例,轻度反流8例,无反流47例,反流率14.5%,反流率明显比对照组低(χ2=57.35,P<0.01),无十二指肠残端破裂病例。结论:布朗式吻合术在BillrothⅡ式胃大部切除术中的应用,显著减少了碱性反流性胃炎及十二指肠残端破裂的发生。