Multiple seismological evidences of basin effects revealed by Array of Binchuan(ABC), northwest Yunnan, China

Dense array seismology, which is characterized by large number, densely deployed autonomous geophone/seismographs, has received great concerns worldwide recently, especially after the great success of dense array in Long Beach. One of the biggest curiosity is that if the great success in Long Beach is replicable in China. Hence, we analyze the seismic records from a dense array in Binchuan basin, Yunnan province, which consists of three-component short-period seismographs of three most common domestic models. The Binchuan basin is located near the intersection between the Chenghai-Binchuan fault and the Red River fault,with the latter being the major fault accommodating significant tectonic deformation resulting from eastern extrusion of the Tibetan plateau. Both faults pose serious seismic threats to local residents in Binchuan basin. Basinrange differences, faults, local earthquakes, and a Fixed Airgun Seismic Transmitting Station(FASTS), make the Binchuan basin a perfect experiment site for dense array experiment. The array is named Array of Binchuan(ABC)and the main target is imaging the shallow crustal structure,especially the structure of the basin. To examine the monitoring capability of ABC, we analyze the seismograms to check if they can reveal the basin, the most significant geological feature in the area. Power spectral density analysis,travel time and amplitude analysis of FASTS signals, and amplitude analysis of earthquakes and noise cross-correlation functions are used in the analysis. All the results show correlation with the basin and clear difference between basin and non-basin area. Therefore, the preliminary results support that the ABC has the potential to provide constraints on local structures.

Characteristics of Seismic Wave Propagation in the Binchuan Region of Yunnan Using a Dense Seismic Array and Large Volume Airgun Shots

The Binchuan region of Yunnan is a structurally complex region with mountains,basins,and active faults.In this situation,seismic wave propagation exhibits complex characteristics due to strong heterogeneity of underground media instead of following the great-circle path.In order to obtain a high-resolution shallow crustal structure,a dense seismic array was deployed during March 21 to May 30,2017 in this area.To better understand the complexities of seismic wave propagation in this region,we perform array-based frequency-domain beamforming analysis and single-station based polarization analysis to investigate the characteristics of seismic wave propagation,using airgun-generated P-wave signals recorded by dense array stations in this experiment.The results from these two methods both reveal similar but complex characteristics of seismic wave propagation in the Binchuan basin.The azimuth anomalies off the great-circle path are quite large with values up to 30°,which is caused by strong structural heterogeneity in the very shallow crust.Our research provide a better understanding of the complex geologic structures in this area and provide guidance for detecting concealed faults and distribution of velocity anomalies.

Numerical Simulation of the Binchuan Airgun Source Affected by Water Body

The numerical simulation of the influence of a reservoir water body on the Binchuan airgun source could provide a theoretical basis to analyze the data obtained from the active source detection and inversion of regional interior medium structures.Based on a medium model containing limited water body,we use the finite different method to simulate the effect of the water level,excitation energy and focal depth.The results show that the influence on the waveform amplitude caused by the water level changing is very large near the water body,and that a high water level or large amplitude change can have a larger effect.However,for stations beyond a certain epicentral distance,the influence will be weakened and kept stable.As for the Binchuan airgun source,amplitude fluctuation caused by the water level changing becomes very small(±0.05 times)after propagating a certain distance,so we can remove the influence of the water level changing by referring to the numerical simulation result.Wave amplitude increases linearly with the excitation energy and focal depth,therefore,the greater the energy and the deeper the focal depth,the better the effect of the excitation,and is more conducive in detecting remote and deep penetration underground structures.

Crustal structure in the Binchuan basin of Yunnan constrained from receiver functions on a 2-D seismic dense array

The Binchuan region is located in a seismically active area in northwestern Yunnan,China.The detailed crustal structure is important to understand the tectonic evolution and to assess the seismic hazard in the study area.With a 2-D dense array deployed in this region,we use teleseismic receiver function traditional imaging methods,including the H-κand common-conversion-point stacking methods,to derive high-resolution crustal thickness and vP/vS ratio maps.Our results indicate that the crustal thickness increases from~40 km to~46 km in the south-north direction,and the average crustal thickness beneath the Binchuan basin is~42 km.Our results agree with previous results but have higher resolution due to dense interstation spacing.

Discussions on the Land Consolidation to Promote Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation in Binchuan County of Yunnan Province

Land consolidation is an important way to improve the conditions of agricultural production and promote poverty alleviation and development in poor areas. This paper attempts to take Binchuan County of Yunnan Province as an example to explore the main practices,typical experiences and achievements of land consolidation in promoting poverty alleviation and development,so as to provide evidence for further development of relevant policies. It is found that in recent years,through the construction of rural production and living facilities,increase of employment for farmers in poor areas,promotion of the development of special industrial area and other measures,Binchuan County has effectively used the land consolidation platform,and has made outstanding achievements in poverty alleviation and development,so as to improve agricultural production conditions,improve the level of agricultural production,increase farmers' income,speed up the pace of poverty reduction,strengthen ecological protection and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. However,there are still some problems in the land consolidation,which need to be paid attention to and solved in the struggle against poverty.

StudyontheStrategiesoftheE-commerceImplementationin Binchuan Grape Industry of China——Based onSWOT Quantitative Analysis Method

This study takes Binchuan County grape industry as the research point,on the basis of SWOT analysis in e-commerce grape industry resources in Binchuan County,combined with AHP quantitative analysis method,used Delphi method gives the factors weights and scores from the experts.And used the fourdimensional strategic center coordinates location of gravity,determine the strategy orientation angle.Come to conclusion that the strategies of implementation e-commerce of grape industry in Binchuan County should be opportunity type,and then put forward strategic suggestions.

Tectonogeochemical features and metallogenic prognosis in the Xiaolongtan copper mining district, Binchuan, Yunnan Province, China

The Xiaolongtan copper mining district is an important area in Dali, West Yunnan, where porphyry copper deposits occur, and copper orebodies are controlled by fault or contact zone structures between porphyry massifs and country rocks. Based on detailed field investigation and deep-going analysis, the authors systematically studied the tectonogeochemical features of this mining district, proposed the principle and foundation of metallogenic prognosis, and delineated the most potential mineralization target area.

Characterization of the Crustal Thickness and Poisson's Ratio of the Binchuan Region

This paper presents the changes of crust thickness and Poissons ratios distribution in the Binchuan region,where the first air-gun transmitting station and its a small dense array were deployed.From September 2011 to January 2014,more than 239 teleseismic events of M≥6.0 were recorded in 16 stations in the Binchuan region.Their P-wave receiver functions were analyzed respectively.The high spatial resolution result shows that the average crust thickness of Binchuan region is 45.3km,it follows the rule of"deeper in the north and east part,shallower in the south and west part."The deepest region is in Xiaoyindian Station;the crust thickness is 47.9km;the shallowest region is in Paiying Station,it has the thickness of 42.1km.It shows that the deeper Moho surface nearby the Chenghai fault and shallower nearby the Honghe fault;the isoline distribution of thickness changes greatly nearby the Chenghai fault and slowly nearby the Honghe fault.From the distribution of Poissons ratios,it is unevenly in the study area with a great difference from the north part to the south part,which shows a characteristic of"lower in the north,higher in the south".The Poissons ratio nearby the Honghe fault is medium too high(0.26≤σ≤0.29);lower nearby the Chenghai fault(σ≤0.26).This paper concludes the possible reason of different characteristic between Poissons ratio and crust thickness is thicker in the upper crust in the Binchuan region.

宾川县乌龙坝亚高山草甸植物多样性调查研究

采用样方调查法,对宾川县乌龙坝草甸进行植物多样性调查,共记录到维管束植物148种,隶属51科112属(含变种),其中唇形科、豆科、禾本科及菊科的属数较多,菊科的属数高达15种;种数在5种以上的科有8个,分别为唇形科、豆科、禾本科、菊科、毛茛科、蔷薇科、伞形科及莎草科;寡种单种的科数量较多,是草甸植物种类的重要组成部分;菊科、禾本科、莎草科等植物是草地群落的重要组成种,西南野古草、蕨和糙野青茅的重要值最高,分别为13.651、5.431、4.163。研究结果表明,该区域植物属的地理成分可划分为10个类型2个变型,以北温带分布成分为主,占比达37.26%。该草甸植物物种丰富度及多样性较高,物种丰富度最高值达45,Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分别达0.908和2.921;总体上低海拔区域物种丰富度和多样性相对较高。

利用密集台阵资料研究宾川盆地浅层介质尾波Q值

为得到更准确的浅部介质衰减参数,便于工程地震领域开展更精细的地震动模拟等研究,以气枪密集台阵资料为基础,联合天然地震资料,利用Sato单散射模型研究了云南宾川盆地浅层介质尾波衰减特征。结果显示,随着频率的增加,尾波Q值Q_(c)整体呈增加趋势,符合Q值的频率依赖关系。在空间上,该地区Q_(c)值分布具有明显的横向不均匀性,位于研究区中部宾川盆地的台站Q_(c)值较低,而位于研究区南西和北东方向的山地丘陵地区的台站Q_(c)值较高,与速度层析成像研究结果一致。研究区平均Q_(c)频率依赖关系为Q_(c)(f)=28.04f^(1.07),气枪震源密集台阵资料得到的Q_(0)值较天然地震得到的值更低,证明使用密集台阵资料得到的结果反映了更浅部介质的衰减特征,而更高的频率依赖指数η值意味着浅层介质的非均匀性高于深部介质,符合实际情况。宾川盆地Q_(0)值大于松辽盆地、华北盆地和中国大陆平均沉积层,而指数η小于松辽盆地和中国大陆,表明本研究所用资料反映的Q值信息介于近地表与深部介质之间。随着尾波流逝时间窗口的增大,Q_(0)逐渐增大,而频率依赖性降低。因此,在研究区尺度较小且选择的天然地震事件震级不高的情况下,需要选取较小的流逝时间窗口以确保满足研究需要。此外,局部地形和地震地质构造变化可能导致衰减参数和相应的标准差相差较大。使用气枪震源和近震资料配合小尺度密集台阵,可以得到较准确的浅层介质衰减参数,为工程应用和浅部结构探测提供了新的思路。

大坟山植物多样性及垂直分布格局探析

[目的]探讨宾川县大坟山植物多样性及随海拔梯度的变化趋势。[方法]2022年6—7月采用样方法和线路调查法对沿海拔梯度设置的3条样带(2 290~2 902 m)开展调查,对种子植物的生活型和科、属、种的多样性沿海拔梯度的变化趋势进行分析。[结果]大坟山具有丰富的物种多样性,共有种子植物153种,隶属于69科、135属,物种多样性随海拔变化呈现出“中间高度膨胀”的“单峰”分布格局;乔灌草生活型种数比为1∶1.5∶2.96;乔木和灌木的数量及郁闭度随海拔升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,草本数量与海拔呈正相关关系。[结论]海拔梯度的变化形成了复杂的环境异质性,强烈影响了大坟山物种多样性分布格局的形成。

音频大地电磁法(AMT)在永胜县程海—宾川断裂跨断层监测选址中的应用

牛顿力NPR锚索监测钻孔应设置在尽量靠近深大断裂的最佳位置,使用音频大地电磁法(AMT)对目标断裂进行探测,准确地探测出深大断裂在地下的分布情况,为钻孔选址提供准确可靠的地球物理参数.文章首先阐述了音频大地电磁法(AMT)的基本原理,介绍了Aether大地电磁系统,然后结合工程实例,探讨了方法在永胜县程海—宾川断裂中的实际应用效果.实践表明,音频大地电磁法(AMT)具有数据采集时间短、探测深度大、能够有效地反映断裂在深部的视倾向、视倾角等优点.

第四次全国中药资源普查宾川县药用植物资源调查研究

目的:依托全国第四次中药资源普查,对宾川县野生中药资源的种类、分布、栽培情况进行调查研究。方法:通过野外样地调查、访问调查,采集植物标本并查阅相关文献资料,对该县的药用植物进行统计分析。结果:该县有药用植物101科388属583种,其中药用资源优势科为菊科,其次为豆科。蕴藏量大的重点药用植物少,全县主要推广种植药用植物22种。结论:宾川县野生药用植物资源丰富,需加强对该区域药用植物资源的保护力度,在开发利用时应做好资源的保护和可持续利用。

利用密集台阵近震层析成像研究云南宾川上地壳速度结构

滇西北宾川盆地是发育于红河断裂和程海断裂交汇处的晚新生代张扭断陷盆地,该区活动断裂发育且历史地震比较活跃.对宾川盆地及邻区进行高精度浅层和上地壳精细结构研究,有助于深入认识该区主要发震构造的深浅部特征.基于2017年在宾川盆地及其附近开展的为期2个月的密集台阵观测数据,我们对该区96个小震共拾取了117221条初至P波和5475条初至S波震相,并利用simul2000开展了地震重定位和体波层析成像研究.结果表明:(1)小震活动主要集中在宾川盆地东缘断裂的弧形转折部位,并在洱海南侧呈现沿北东向断裂的条带状分布现象,反映了区域上近南北向至北东向断裂是主要控震构造,其次是北西向断裂带.(2)0 km的速度分布与区域地形有很好的对应关系.山地呈现高速异常,宾川盆地呈现低速异常.从3 km至9 km,高低速分界与断层有很好的对应,并且越往深部,近南北向至北北东向的宾川盆地东缘断裂在上地壳构造的控制作用越明显.(3)上地壳层析成像结果同时揭示了宾川盆地东缘断裂的三维形态变化在空间上呈现出南北部倾角大、中部倾角缓的变化特征,可能与区域地块的旋转变形过程有关.(4)综合高精度浅层速度结构和地震重定位结果可知,区域上的近南北向至北北东向断裂正逐步取代北西向构造,成为主要的区域分界断裂和控震构造.新的研究结果为深入理解该区的主要控震构造及其深部结构特征提供了重要依据.

云南省丽江-宾川地区二叠纪玄武岩地球化学特征及其构造背景研究

在峨眉山大火成岩省中，宾川-丽江地区的溢流玄武岩厚度最大，发育较为完整。该区岩石ω（SiO2）（36．72％～51．44％），微量元素中不相容元素如大离子亲石元素K，Rb,Cs,Ba,Th富集；高场强元素Ta，Nd，Hf，Zr以及LREE含量低。它们的岩石地球化学性质呈现递变性，富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素。具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的地球化学特征。为板内拉张玄武岩。通过对其进行岩石学和地球化学研究，系统分析该区玄武岩岩石地球化学及其岩浆活动特征。认为研究区玄武岩可划分为3个系列：高铗（ωMgO=12．3％～14．3％）、低镁（ωMgO=2．48％～7．53％）和过渡系列（ωMgO=10．4％～11．3％）火山岩。高镁系列玄武岩岩石接近原始岩浆的组成，岩浆源区可能为下地幔，形成深度大，源区地幔部分熔融比例小；低镁系列玄武岩受到较强的地壳混染作用的影响。显示出富集岩石圈地幔或地壳物质的参与，形成深度浅，熔融比例较大，可能有地壳物质混染；过渡系列介于前两者之间。根据玄武岩大地构造环境判别图解，确定玄武岩形成于大陆拉张环境，与地幔柱活动有关。

宾川井对印尼大震的同震响应特征及其机理解释

系统统计分析了云南宾川井水位与水温对印尼苏门答腊4次大震的同震响应资料。宾川井在这4次强震中的同震响应形态表现为水位振荡—水温下降和振荡停止(减弱)—水温恢复。进一步的分析表明,水位与水温的变化幅度与震中距、震级有一定的统计关系。分别探讨了水位振荡—水温下降和振荡停止—水温恢复现象产生的机理,综合分析了前人所提出的同震响应机理,并依据宾川井实际观测资料对机理进行了定量化的数值模拟。模拟结果显示,气体逸出、热弥散及冷水下渗作用都可以导致井水温度下降,而水温的恢复则主要是与围岩发生静态热传导所致。

生态环境对白肋烟上部叶的品质和中性香气成分的影响

为了探索生态环境对白肋烟晾制品质的影响,将云南省宾川县和云龙县生产的白肋烟异地互换晾制。调查了白肋烟调制期间的温、湿度,并采用高效液相色谱、气质联用仪测定调制结束后烟叶中的质体色素和中性香气成分的含量。结果表明,两地生态条件存在差异,湿度差异明显,温度差异较小,整个白肋烟晾制期间,云龙县空气相对湿度较宾川县高4.42%-16.54%。宾川县晾房烟叶晾制时间比云龙县晾制的烟叶少9 d。两个生态环境下,烟叶的物理外观和内在品质差异显著。宾川县晾制的云龙县生产的烟叶β-类胡萝卜素的残留量比宾川县生产的烟叶高6.44%,而云龙县晾制的宾川县生产烟叶比云龙县生产烟叶高14.45%。在云龙县晾制的烟叶中性香气成分含量比在宾川县晾制的高,宾川县生产烟叶和云龙县生产烟叶相应高出47.31%和20.37%。同一产地烟叶,烟碱和总糖含量表现为在宾川县晾制的烟叶极显著高于在云龙县晾制的烟叶;而总氮含量均表现为在云龙县晾制的烟叶极显著高于宾川县晾制的烟叶。生态环境与烟叶中的质体色素、中性香气成分、化学成分含量密切相关。因此,在白肋烟生产中,应因地制宜,科学调制白肋烟,提高烟叶质量,增加烟叶香气。

宾川-丽江地区二叠纪玄武岩岩石地球化学特征及其成因

通过对云南省宾川—丽江地区岩石学和地球化学研究,系统阐述了玄武岩岩石地球化学及其岩浆活动特征。认为研究区玄武岩可划分为高镁、低镁和过渡3个系列火山岩,其岩石地球化学性质呈现递变性,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的地球化学特征,为板内拉张玄武岩。同时运用现代岩石成因理论探讨了玄武岩的地幔源区特征、岩浆过程及可能的形成机制。运用多个玄武岩大地构造环境判别图解,确定玄武岩形成于大陆拉张环境,与地幔柱活动有关。起源于地幔柱的岩浆与岩石圈相互作用,经历不同程度的壳源混染,形成系列玄武岩。

云南宾川地区的地壳厚度和泊松比分布特征研究

利用宾川主动源项目16个地震台站2011年9月～2014年1月期间记录的5.8级以上远震波形资料,提取各台站下方的P波接收函数,并据此计算、分析宾川地区地壳厚度变化情况和泊松比分布特征。高空间分辨率的结果显示：宾川地区平均地壳厚为45.3km,地壳厚度呈＂北深南浅＂、＂西浅东深＂的特征。地壳厚度最深的是小银甸,47.9km,最浅的是排营台,42.1km,两者相差5.8km。程海断裂附近Moho面较深,红河断裂附近Moho面较浅;程海断裂附近地壳厚度变化较明显,红河断裂附近变化较缓。从泊松比的分布情况来看,研究区内泊松比分布是不均匀的,自南向北存在较大差异,呈＂北低南高＂的特征。红河断裂附近,泊松比属于中高（0.26≤σ≤0.29）,程海断裂附近,泊松比较低（σ≤0.26）。泊松比分布特征和地壳厚度相反,表明宾川地区的增厚方式主要由上地壳增厚所致。

滇西北永胜-宾川地区滑坡发育的影响因子分析及其动力成因与意义探讨

云南永胜、宾川一带新构造运动活跃,巨型、大型滑坡现象显著。为了分析区内滑坡的发育分布规律、动力成因及其与地质地貌的关系,在以目视解译为主获得615个滑坡点的基础上,进一步选取8个滑坡影响因子,包括断层、水系、岩性、NDVI、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度和高程,利用级联BP神经网络模型进行了计算分析,发现该区影响因子指数高的区域具有明显的聚集性,并据此划分出4个高指数区。经过进一步讨论分析认为,研究区的滑坡主要由地震滑坡、冲蚀型滑坡和崩积加载型滑坡3类构成,尤以地震滑坡为主,即活动断裂是研究区滑坡最主要的影响因素。结合对该区典型古地震滑坡的地表调查结果,进一步证明了该区的程海-宾川断裂带第四纪期间的长期强烈活动对永胜、宾川地区的滑坡发育起着重要控制作用,同时也表明模型结果具有良好的可信度。