Treatment of Dyes Wastewater by a New Kind of Bio - Fluid Bed

A new kind of bio-fluid bed used to treat dyes wastewater is described in detail due to its several special features,such as high removal efficiency,simple struc-ture,shock load resistance,etc.By means of analyzing the experiment data,the results show that the dye wastewater’s organic matter is removed greatly after be-ing treated by this new kind of bio-fluid bed.On the other hand,the removal efficiency of chromaticity of

Biological Safety Issues in Animal Laboratory of Colleges and Universities

As a crucial link in fostering talented students, laboratories in universities have been attached great significance since they help developing practical op- erational ability of students. The unknown factors in laboratories are likely to pose threat to operators. Therefore, it is especially important to guarantee the safety of laboratories. The paper expounded the measures supposed to be taken in university lab-teaching based on bias-safety management problems and hoping to serve the research work and teaching by adopting proper and reasonable methods which are in accordance with scientific purposes.

Analysis of GB 6675-2003 Nafional Safety Technical Code for Toys in Detail

GB 6675-2003 National Safety Technical Code for Toys, in which the safetylevel of toys has achieved the advanced international level, is the general standard of all kinds oftoys. It will facilitate the improvement of the whole quality of toys and the development of toysindustry. It also improves the competitive ability of our toys in international market. It is a newlandmark of the development of toys industry in China.

N-三甲基壳聚糖包衣脂质体生物安全性评价

目的:评价N-三甲基壳聚糖(TMC60)包衣脂质体的生物安全性,为其作为肿瘤靶向制剂的载体奠定实验基础。方法:分别采用静脉注射及腹腔注射,对TMC60包衣脂质体的小鼠急性毒性进行了考察,获得LD_(50);同时对其注射刺激性、过敏性及溶血性进行了评价。结果:TMC60包衣脂质体小鼠静脉注射及腹腔注射的LD_(50)和95%置信限(95%CI)分别为224.1(95%CI:178.8～302.6)mg·kg^(-1)和342.3(95%CI:269.7～534.2)mg·kg^(-1),同时在实验剂量时,无注射刺激性、过敏性及溶血性。结论:TMC60包衣脂质体的生物安全性较高,值得进一步研究。

“一带一路”倡议下我国生物安全问题的法律应对--以非洲猪瘟事件为视角

非洲猪瘟等生物安全事件给我国带来诸多危害,直接影响人们的生活质量和健康,也不利于国际贸易。造成该现象的原因主要有:"一带一路"倡议下国际合作带来的商品流通速度加快和生物迁移路径的多样性,使动物疫病的侵入防不胜防;我国生物安全风险防范意识、相关制度及其实施等方面存在不足。为有效防控生物安全事件,应参照相关国际条约,借鉴他国做法,在国内和国际两个层面采取有效措施:前者如提升防范意识、完善进出境货物等涉及的生物安全法律法规。后者以构建人类命运共同体理念为指导,推进生物安全全球共治规则的形成与完善,以利于国际贸易和交流的健康发展;在 "一带一路"参与国间加强合作,建立生物安全防控长效机制。

BSL-3实验室负压控制系统探讨

本文介绍了BSL-3实验室中实现负压控制的送、排风系统以及送、排风量的具体计算,同时还详细阐述了实现负压控制的具体方案,为BSL-3实验室负压系统的设计提供了理论依据;另外还从节能的角度介绍了BSL-3实验室中使用全热交换器来实现能源消耗最优化。

诺卡氏菌株C-14-1基因工程菌ZM1对试验动物的安全性评估

为了对诺卡氏菌株C-14-1以及转基因工程菌ZM1的安全性进行合理评价,并为该产品的生产和应用过程中安全防护措施的制定提供依据,根据国家标准《农药登记毒理学试验方法》(GB15670-1995),就C-14-1菌株以及ZM1菌株的粉剂对试验动物进行了相关的毒理学试验。试验结果表明:两株菌株对昆明小白鼠的急性经口LD50>5000mg/kg,急性经皮毒性LD50>2000mg/kg,均属于微毒或无毒类;对大耳白兔皮肤刺激平均指数72h后为0,皮肤刺激强度为无刺激性;眼刺激平均指数48h后为0,眼刺激强度为无刺激性。

季铵化程度对N-三甲基壳聚糖包衣脂质体生物安全性的影响

目的:研究N-三甲基壳聚糖(TMC)的季铵化程度(DQ)对TMC包衣脂质体安全性的影响规律,为其作为药物载体的安全应用提供实验依据。方法:分别制备未包衣的脂质体及用不同DQ的TMC(TMC20,TMC40及TMC60)包衣的脂质体;采用静脉注射及腹腔注射,对其小鼠急性毒性进行考察,分别得到静脉注射及腹腔注射的LD_(50);对其注射刺激性、过敏性及溶血性进行考察。结果:未包衣脂质体及TMC20,TMC40、TMC60包衣脂质体静脉注射的LD_(50)及95%置信限分别为808.1(676.4~1 009.5)、721.9(584.0~971.9)、319.1(261.9~399.0)、224.1(178.8~302.6)mg·kg^(-1);未包衣脂质体及各种包衣脂质体腹腔注射的LD_(50)及95%置信限分别为1 158.3(958.4~1 443.0)、1 109.5(899.9~1 415.4)、573.7(480.2~716.6)、342.3(269.7~534.2)mg·kg^(-1)。与未包衣的脂质体相比,TMC20包衣后小鼠静脉注射及腹腔注射的LD_(50)无明显变化(P>0.05),而TMC40及TMC60包衣脂质体的相应LD_(50)有较明显的降低(P<0.05);包衣脂质体间相比较,相应LD_(50)随着DQ的增加而逐渐下降(P<0.05);在实验剂量时,各组脂质体均无注射刺激性、过敏性及溶血性。结论:TMC的DQ对其包衣的脂质体生物安全性有较明显的影响,DQ越大,LD_(50)越低。

从SARS、MERS到COVID-19爆发谈高级别生物安全实验室及其应用

生物安全是国家安全的组成部分,而生物安全实验室是生物安全的重要部门。从SARS、MERS到COVID-19,每一次公共生物安全事件都强化了对生物安全危害的认识,也促进生物安全管理体系和防护措施的完善。高等级生物安全实验室是烈性传染性疾病预防控制、科学研究和诊断治疗的重要技术平台。在COVID-19全球流行背景下,体液样本中新冠病毒的快速检测是进行传染源控制、传播途径切断和易感者保护的决策基础。在缺乏特效治疗药物的背景下,开发针对新型冠状病毒的疫苗、治疗性抗体等生物治疗手段对疾病的预防及治疗具有重要的价值。分析高等级生物安全实验室的特点及其空调系统的冗余设计,并探讨COVID-19流行背景下的生物安全实验室应用与管理。

碳-硅橡胶机械性能和生物安全性的初步研究

目的采用碳离子注入对硅橡胶进行表面改性,得到碳-硅橡胶,评价碳-硅橡胶的机械性能和生物安全性。方法按照国家标准,采用邵氏硬度计(A型)和电子万能实验机,测量其邵氏硬度、抗拉强度、断裂伸长率以及断裂强度等机械性能参数;采用红细胞溶血实验、全身毒性实验、皮下植入实验、过敏与刺激实验、热源实验对其生物安全性进行评价。结果邵氏硬度计和电子万能实验机测量结果表明碳离子注入法未改变硅橡胶机械性能;红细胞溶血实验显示材料溶血率小于国家标准,说明材料植入体内后不会引起溶血反应;全身毒性实验的结果表明材料不具有毒性;皮下植入实验结果表明有良好的体内安全性和相容性;刺激实验:刺激率为0;致敏实验:致敏率为0;热源反应中家兔平均体温升高为0.1℃,其不具有致热源作用,初步符合生物医用材料的要求。结论碳离子注入硅橡胶表面未改变硅橡胶的机械性能,并具有良好的生物安全性。

基于人免疫缺陷病毒-1的慢病毒载体系统研究进展

慢病毒能够感染分裂细胞和非分裂细胞,因而被发展成为重要的转基因载体。慢病毒载体已经发展到了第三代,其安全性已经大为提高。经过结构优化的慢病毒载体已经用于转基因动物生产和基因治疗研究,而稳定包装细胞系的建立使得慢病毒的生产更为简便。

Key technologies and equipment for a fully mechanized top-coal caving operation with a large mining height at ultra-thick coal seams

Thick and ultra-thick coal seams are main coal seams for high production rate and high efficiency in Chinese coal mines, which accounts for 44 % of the total minable coal reserve. A fully mechanized top-coal caving mining method is a main underground coal extraction method for ultra-thick coal seams. The coal extraction technologies for coal seams less than 14 m thick were extensively used in China. However, for coal seams with thickness greater than 14 m, there have been no reported cases in the world for underground mechanical extraction with safe performance, high efficiency and high coal recovery ratio. To deal with this case, China Coal Technology ＆ Engineering Group, Datong Coal Mine Group, and other 15 organizations in China launched a fundamental and big project to develop coal mining technologies and equipment for coal seams with thicknesses greater than 14 m. After the completion of the project, a coal extraction method was developed for top-coal caving with a large mining height, as well as a ground control theory for ultra-thick coal seams. In addition, the mining technology for top-coal caving with a large mining height, the ground support technology for roadway in coal seams with a large cross-section, and the prevention and control technology for gas and fire hazards were developed and applied. Furthermore, a hydraulic support with a mining height of 5.2 m, a shearer with high reliability, and auxiliary equipment were developed and manufactured. Practical implication on the technologies and equipment developed was successfully completed at the No. 8105 coal face in the Tashan coal mine, Datong, China. The major achievements of the project are summarized as follows： 1. A top-coal caving method for ultra-thick coal seams is proposed with a cutting height of 5 m and a top-coal caving height of 15 m. A structural mechanical model of overlying strata called cantilever beam-articulated rock beam is established. Based on the model, the load resistance of the hydraulic support with a large mining height for top-coal caving method is determined. With the analysis, the movement characteristics of the top coal and above strata are evaluated during top-coal caving operation at the coal face with a large mining height. Furthermore, there is successful development of comprehensive technologies for preventing and controlling spalling of the coal wall, and the top-coal caving technology with high efficiency and high recovery at the top-coal caving face with a large mining height. This means that the technologies developed have overcome the difficulties in strata control, top-coal caving with high efficiency and high coal recovery, and enabled to achieve a production rate of more than 10 Mtpa at a single top-coal caving face with a large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams; 2. A hydraulic support with 5.2 m supporting height and anti-rockburst capacity, a shearer with high reliability, a scraper conveyor with a large power at the back of face, and a large load and long distance headgate belt conveyor have been successfully developed for a top-coal caving face with large mining height. The study has developed the key technologies for improving the reliability of equipment at the coal face and has overcome the challenges in equipping the top-coal caving face with a large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams; 3. The deformation characteristics of a large cross-section roadway in ultra-thick coal seams are discovered. Based on the findings above, a series of bolt materials with a high yielding strength of 500-830 MPa and a high extension ratio, and cable bolt material with a 1 × 19 structure, large tonnage and high extension ratio are developed. In addition, in order to achieve a safe roadway and a fast face advance, installation equipment for high pre-tension bolt is developed to solve the problems with the support of roadway in coal seams for top-coal caving operation with a large mining height; 4. The characteristics of gas distribution and uneven emission at top-coal caving face with large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams are evaluated. With the application of the technologies of gas drainage in the roof, the difficulties in gas control for high intensive top-coal caving mining operations, known as ＂low gas content, high gas emission＂, are solved. In addition, large flow-rate underground mobile equipment for making nitrogen are developed to solve the problems with fire prevention and safe mining at a top-coal caving face with large mining height and production rate of more than 10 Mtpa. A case study to apply the developed technologies has been conducted at the No. 8105 face, the Tashan coal mine in Datong, China. The case study demonstrates that the three units of equipment, i.e., the support, shearer and scraper conveyor, are rationally equipped. Average equipment usage at the coal face is 92.1%. The coal recovery ratio at the coal face is up to 88.9 %. In 2011, the coal production at the No. 8105 face reached 10.849 Mtpa, exceeding the target of 10 Mtpa for a topcoal caving operation with large mining height performed by Chinese-made mining equipment. The technologies and equipment developed provide a way for extracting ultra-thick coal seams. Currently, the technologies and equipment are used in 13 mining areas in China including Datong, Pingshuo, Shendong and Xinjiang. With the exploitation of coal resources in Western China, there is great potential for the application of the technologies and equipment developed.

Safety evaluation for railway vehicles using an improved indirect measurement method of wheel–rail forces

The wheel-rail force measurement is of great importance to the condition monitoring and safety evaluation of railway vehicles. In this paper, an improved indirect method for wheel-rail force measurement is proposed to evaluate the running safety of railway vehicles. In this method, the equilibrium equations of a suspended wheelset are derived and the wheel-rail forces are then be obtained from measured suspension and inertia forces. This indirect method avoids structural modifications to the wheelset and is applicable to the long-term operation of railway vehicles. As the wheel-rail lateral forces at two sides of the wheelset are difficult to separate, a new derailment criterion by combined use of wheelset derailment coefficient and wheel unloading ratio is proposed. To illustrate its effectiveness, the indirect method is applied to safety evaluation of rail- way vehicles in different scenarios, such as the cross wind safety of a high-speed train and the safety of a metro vehicle with hunting motions. Then, the feasibility of using this method to identify wheel-rail forces for low-floor light rail vehicles with resilient wheels is discussed. The values identified by this method is compared with that by Simpack simulation for the same low-floor vehicle, which shows a good coincidence between them in the time domain of the wheelset lateral force and the wheel-rail vertical force. In addition, use of the method to determine the high-frequency wheel-rail interaction forces reveals that it is possible to identify the high-frequency wheel-rail forces through the accelerations on the axle box.

Agricultural GMO safety administration in China

Given the public concern over the safety of genetically modified （GM） technology and products, the article elaborated the safety regulatory and administration on agricultural GMOs in China. China has made a set of laws and regulations of GMO safety management and confirmed competent authorities with clear-cut responsibilities. According to the laws and regulations, GMO products before entering markets have to pass through safety evaluation, get production and processing permission and be labeled correctly. For the importation of GM products, China has set up an import approval system. In addition, China has established technical supportive systems, including safety evaluation specifications, trial specifications and criteria specifications. The existing regulatory system supervises and regulates all activities and work related to agri- cultural GMOs in China.

A durable 4-1BB-based CD19 CAR-T cell for treatment of relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Objective:Previous studies reported that 4-1BB-based CD19 chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells were more beneficial for the clinical outcomes than CD28-based CAR-T cells,especially the lower incidence rate of severe adverse events.However,the median progression-free survival(mPFS)of 4-1BB-based product Kymriah was shorter than that of CD28-based Yescarta(2.9 months vs.5.9 months),suggesting that Kymriah was limited in the long-term efficacy.Thus,a safe and durable 4-1BB-based CD19 CAR-T needs to be developed.Methods:We designed a CD19-targeted CAR-T(named as IM19)which consisted of an FMC63 scFv,4-1BB and CD3ζintracellular domain and was manufactured into a memory T-enriched formulation.A phase I/II clinical trial was launched to evaluate the clinical outcomes of IM19 in relapsed or refractory(r/r)B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma(B-NHL).Dose-escalation investigation(at a dose of 5×10^(5)/kg,1×10^(6)/kg and 3×106/kg)was performed in 22 r/r B-NHL patients.All patients received a single infusion of IM19 after 3-day conditional regimen.Results:At month 3,the overall response rate(ORR)was 59.1%,the complete response rate(CRR)was 50.0%.The mPFS was 6 months and the 1-year overall survival rate was 77.8%.Cytokine release syndrome(CRS)occurred in 13 patients(59.1%),with 54.5%of grade 1−2 CRS.Only one patient(4.5%)experienced grade 3 CRS and grade 3 neurotoxicity.Conclusions:These results demonstrated the safety and durable efficacy of a 4-1BB-based CD19 CAR-T,IM19,which is promising for further development and clinical investigation.

Overview of In—Situ Biodegradation and Enhancement

Microbial degradation technologies have been developed to restore ground water quality in aquifers polluted by organic contaminants effectively in recent years. However, in course of the degradation, the formation of biofilms in ground water remediation technology can be detrimental to the effectiveness of a ground water remediation project. Several alternatives are available to a remedial design engineer, such as Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) and in -situ bioremediation, Hydrogen Releasing Compounds (HRCs) barrier, Oxygen Releasing Compounds (ORCs) barrier etc. which are efficient and cost- effective technologies. Excessive biomass formation renders a barrier ineffective in degrading the contaminants, Efforts are made to develop kinetics models which accurately determine bio - fouling and bio - filn formation and to control excessive biomass formation.

SARS-CoV-2病原学特点、实验室检测及实验室生物安全防护

2019年12月,武汉市首次发现多起新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病例,目前COVID-19已成全球蔓延趋势。COVID-19具有极强的传染性及较高的病死率,快速、准确的实验室检测对其诊疗至关重要。但COVID-19患者的临床样本具有潜在致病性和高传染性,为降低实验室人员感染风险,文章就新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的病原学特点、实验室检测及生物安全防护相关措施作一综述。

DB 6501T 025-2021二级生物安全实验室备案评价规范的制定

目的:为科学地评定二级生物安全实验室在设施、人员等软硬件方面的建设,更好地开展二级生物安全实验室的备案工作,建立二级生物安全实验室备案评价规范,并用于指导各级机构的日常备案工作。方法:采用文献调研法、德尔菲法、层次分析法等方法,分析专家权威系数,建立指标规范的权重集,使用权重矩阵对结果一致性进行检验,建立对实验室生物安全状况能够进行整体定量分析和综合判断的指标规范。结果:最终通过多轮专家论证并进行一致性检验,确定一级指标7条,二级指标18条,三级指标100条,完成二级生物安全实验室备案评价规范的编制。结论:该规范将用于现阶段二级生物安全实验室备案工作的日常管理及专家现场查验阶段,避免了以往专家在评定过程中的主观主导,使评定结果更加科学、客观。