The gold deposits of Triassic period in the northwestern Guangxi are all located in the marine, fine -grained ,fragmental rock series containing organic matter ,i.e .the distribution districts of black rock series . T...The gold deposits of Triassic period in the northwestern Guangxi are all located in the marine, fine -grained ,fragmental rock series containing organic matter ,i.e .the distribution districts of black rock series . The fine-grained gold deposits occur in organic matter -bearing C, D,E,or D,E divisions of the classical Bouma sequences. The evolution degree of organic matters through oil window stage reached the over -mature degree. Both the bio-sources of the organic matters and the distribution of gold in the organic matters disclose the close association between gold , living beings and organic matters . The thermal evolution of organic matters led to the gold to be activized . migrated and enriched , and finally formed gold deposits in the fault belt and crushed zone of black rock series .展开更多
AIM: To investigate that both the neuronal function of the contractile system and structural apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract are affected in patients with longstanding diabetes and auto mic neuropathy. METHODS...AIM: To investigate that both the neuronal function of the contractile system and structural apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract are affected in patients with longstanding diabetes and auto mic neuropathy. METHODS: The evoked esophageal and duodenal contractile activity to standardized bag distension was assessed using a specialized ultrasound-based probe. Twelve type-1 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy and severe gastrointestinal symptoms and 12 healthy controls were studied. The geometry and biomechanical parameters (strain, tension/stress, and stiffness) were assessed. RESULTS: The diabetic patients had increased frequency of distension-induced contractions (6.0 ± 0.6 vs 3.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.001). This increased reactivity was correlated with the duration of the disease (P = 0.009). Impaired coordination of the contractile activity in diabetic patients was demonstrated as imbalance between the time required to evoke the first contraction at the distension site and proximal to it (1.5 ± 0.6 vs 0.5 ± 0.1, P = 0.03). The esophageal wall and especially the mucosa-submucosa layer had increased thickness in the patients (P < 0.001), and the longitudinal and radial compressive stretch was less in diabetics (P <0.001). The esophageal and duodenal wall stiffness and circumferential deformation induced by the distensions were not affected in the patients (all P > 0.14). CONCLUSION: The impaired contractile activity with an imbalance in the distension-induced contractions likely reflects neuronal abnormalities due to autonomic neuropathy. However, structural changes and remodeling of the gastrointestinal tract are also evident and may add to the neuronal changes. This may contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetic gut dysfunction and impact on future management of diabetic patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.展开更多
Biomanufacturing(BM)is a multidisciplinary area incorporating the characteristics of living organisms and engineering principles to create valuable products for various sectors,including medicine,energy,and the enviro...Biomanufacturing(BM)is a multidisciplinary area incorporating the characteristics of living organisms and engineering principles to create valuable products for various sectors,including medicine,energy,and the environment.BM has undergone a remarkable transformation in the last two decades,entering the era of BM4.0 and becoming a pivotal driver of the sustainable revolution.Notably,Japan has made significant advances in BM,contributing to its development through the creation of innovative materials,advanced processes,and interdisciplinary applications.However,because of certain development policies,this research has not been widely recognized on an international level.This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the research progress made by renowned Japanese laboratories and researchers in biomedical materials,bio-three-dimensional(3D)printing,and biomedical applications in the last five years.Their unique contributions are introduced and analyzed,illuminating the distinctive approaches and breakthroughs within each domain.Additionally,this review highlights the current challenges and prospects of BM.The viewpoints presented in this paper are intended to serve as a valuable reference for scholars studying BM in Japan.展开更多
Bio-, thermo-catalytic transitional zone gas (BTCTZ gas), of which burial depth is shallow (1000-2500m), chemical composition (C,/ΣC1-5 = 0.7-0.9) and isotopic composition (δ13C1= -55 to-48‰) coincide with the evol...Bio-, thermo-catalytic transitional zone gas (BTCTZ gas), of which burial depth is shallow (1000-2500m), chemical composition (C,/ΣC1-5 = 0.7-0.9) and isotopic composition (δ13C1= -55 to-48‰) coincide with the evolution level of organic matter (R0=0.25-0.6%) in the corresponding strata, is a natural gas of new genetic type. The genesis of BTCTZ gas must have some relation to microcatalysis under lower temperature and condensation of aromatic hydrocarbons. In line with the new theory of natural gas formation, the existence of BTCTZ gas is objective. According to data from all over the world, BTCTZ gas may hold an important position in the table of reserves of natural gas.展开更多
Cultivation is one of the most important human activities affecting the grassland ecosystem besides grazing, but its impacts on soil total organic carbon （C）, especially on the liable organic C fractions have not be...Cultivation is one of the most important human activities affecting the grassland ecosystem besides grazing, but its impacts on soil total organic carbon （C）, especially on the liable organic C fractions have not been fully understood yet. In this paper, the role of cropping in soil organic C pool of different fractions was investigated in a meadow steppe region in Inner Mongolia of China, and the relationships between different C fractions were also discussed. The results indicated that the concentrations of different C fractions at steppe and cultivated land all decreased progressively with soil depth. After the conversion from steppe to spring wheat field for 36 years, total organic carbon （TOC） concentration at the 0 to 100 cm soil depth has decreased by 12.3% to 28.2%, and TOC of the surface soil horizon, especially those of 0-30 cm decreased more significantly （p〈0.01）. The dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and microbial biomass carbon （MBC） at the depth of 0-40 cm were found to have decreased by 66.7% to 77.1% and 36.5% to 42.4%, respectively. In the S.baicalensis steppe, the ratios of soil DOC to TOC varied between 0.52% and 0.60%, and those in the spring wheat field were only in the range of 0.18%-0.20%. The microbial quotients （qMBs） in the spring wheat field, varying from 1.11% to 1.40%, were also lower than those in the S. baicalensis steppe, which were in the range of 1.50%-1.63%. The change of DOC was much more sensitive to cultivation disturbance. Soil TOC, DOC, and MBC were significantly positive correlated with each other in the S. baicalensis steppe, but in the spring wheat field, the correlativity between DOC and TOC and that between DOC and MBC did not reach the significance level of 0.05.展开更多
The Kamenushka Formation, exposed in the northern part of South Primorye （Kamennshka-1 and Kamenushka-2 sections）, is one of the few localities in the world with richly fossiliferous Lower-Upper Olenekian sedimentar...The Kamenushka Formation, exposed in the northern part of South Primorye （Kamennshka-1 and Kamenushka-2 sections）, is one of the few localities in the world with richly fossiliferous Lower-Upper Olenekian sedimentary successions. Lower to Middle Triassic ammonoid-, brachiopod- and conodont-bearing silty-clayey deposits of the Kamenushka-1 and Kamenushka-2 sections have been isotope-geochemically investigated in detail. As a result, these sections, together with the previously investigated Abrek Section, exposed in the southern part of South Primorye, provide almost complete ^15Non- and ^13Corg- records for the Lower Triassic of this region. Nine N- isotope intervals and the five negative C-isotope excursions, reflecting, apparently, unstable climatic and hydrological conditions, have been distinguished in the Lower Triassic of South Primorye. On the basis of the new C-isotope data the Mesohedenstroemia bosphorensis Zone （upper part）, Shimanskyites shimanskyi and Neocolumbites insignis zones of South Primorye are correlated now with the Lower Smithian part of the Yinkeng Formation, the Upper Smithian part of the Helongshan Formation and the Middle Spathian part of the Nanlinghu Formation in South China, respectively, as has been observed in the Abrek, Kamenushka-2, West Pingdingshan and Majiashan sections.展开更多
The surface ofpoly（ethylene terephthalate）（PET） films is inert, hydrophobic, and incompatible with blood, which has limited its practical bioapplication. In this case, better biocompatibility could be achieved by ...The surface ofpoly（ethylene terephthalate）（PET） films is inert, hydrophobic, and incompatible with blood, which has limited its practical bioapplication. In this case, better biocompatibility could be achieved by surface modification. In this study, the grafted copolymer of functional methoxypolyethylene glycol（mPEG） derivatives and styrene from the PET surfaces was prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization（SI-ATRP）. The structures, composition, properties and surface morphology of the grafted PET films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, contact angle measurements and scanning electronic microscopy（SEM）. The results indicate that the surface of the PET films has been covered by a thick targeted copolymer layer that converted the hydrophobic surface of PET to an amphiphilic surface. The bacte- rial adhesion and cell culture results indicate the copolymer-grafted PET film may possess good biocompatibility.展开更多
基金The paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The gold deposits of Triassic period in the northwestern Guangxi are all located in the marine, fine -grained ,fragmental rock series containing organic matter ,i.e .the distribution districts of black rock series . The fine-grained gold deposits occur in organic matter -bearing C, D,E,or D,E divisions of the classical Bouma sequences. The evolution degree of organic matters through oil window stage reached the over -mature degree. Both the bio-sources of the organic matters and the distribution of gold in the organic matters disclose the close association between gold , living beings and organic matters . The thermal evolution of organic matters led to the gold to be activized . migrated and enriched , and finally formed gold deposits in the fault belt and crushed zone of black rock series .
文摘AIM: To investigate that both the neuronal function of the contractile system and structural apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract are affected in patients with longstanding diabetes and auto mic neuropathy. METHODS: The evoked esophageal and duodenal contractile activity to standardized bag distension was assessed using a specialized ultrasound-based probe. Twelve type-1 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy and severe gastrointestinal symptoms and 12 healthy controls were studied. The geometry and biomechanical parameters (strain, tension/stress, and stiffness) were assessed. RESULTS: The diabetic patients had increased frequency of distension-induced contractions (6.0 ± 0.6 vs 3.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.001). This increased reactivity was correlated with the duration of the disease (P = 0.009). Impaired coordination of the contractile activity in diabetic patients was demonstrated as imbalance between the time required to evoke the first contraction at the distension site and proximal to it (1.5 ± 0.6 vs 0.5 ± 0.1, P = 0.03). The esophageal wall and especially the mucosa-submucosa layer had increased thickness in the patients (P < 0.001), and the longitudinal and radial compressive stretch was less in diabetics (P <0.001). The esophageal and duodenal wall stiffness and circumferential deformation induced by the distensions were not affected in the patients (all P > 0.14). CONCLUSION: The impaired contractile activity with an imbalance in the distension-induced contractions likely reflects neuronal abnormalities due to autonomic neuropathy. However, structural changes and remodeling of the gastrointestinal tract are also evident and may add to the neuronal changes. This may contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetic gut dysfunction and impact on future management of diabetic patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105072).
文摘Biomanufacturing(BM)is a multidisciplinary area incorporating the characteristics of living organisms and engineering principles to create valuable products for various sectors,including medicine,energy,and the environment.BM has undergone a remarkable transformation in the last two decades,entering the era of BM4.0 and becoming a pivotal driver of the sustainable revolution.Notably,Japan has made significant advances in BM,contributing to its development through the creation of innovative materials,advanced processes,and interdisciplinary applications.However,because of certain development policies,this research has not been widely recognized on an international level.This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the research progress made by renowned Japanese laboratories and researchers in biomedical materials,bio-three-dimensional(3D)printing,and biomedical applications in the last five years.Their unique contributions are introduced and analyzed,illuminating the distinctive approaches and breakthroughs within each domain.Additionally,this review highlights the current challenges and prospects of BM.The viewpoints presented in this paper are intended to serve as a valuable reference for scholars studying BM in Japan.
文摘Bio-, thermo-catalytic transitional zone gas (BTCTZ gas), of which burial depth is shallow (1000-2500m), chemical composition (C,/ΣC1-5 = 0.7-0.9) and isotopic composition (δ13C1= -55 to-48‰) coincide with the evolution level of organic matter (R0=0.25-0.6%) in the corresponding strata, is a natural gas of new genetic type. The genesis of BTCTZ gas must have some relation to microcatalysis under lower temperature and condensation of aromatic hydrocarbons. In line with the new theory of natural gas formation, the existence of BTCTZ gas is objective. According to data from all over the world, BTCTZ gas may hold an important position in the table of reserves of natural gas.
基金National Natural Science foundation of China, No.40730105 No.40973057+1 种基金 No.41073061 Knowledge In novation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KZCX2-EW-302
文摘Cultivation is one of the most important human activities affecting the grassland ecosystem besides grazing, but its impacts on soil total organic carbon （C）, especially on the liable organic C fractions have not been fully understood yet. In this paper, the role of cropping in soil organic C pool of different fractions was investigated in a meadow steppe region in Inner Mongolia of China, and the relationships between different C fractions were also discussed. The results indicated that the concentrations of different C fractions at steppe and cultivated land all decreased progressively with soil depth. After the conversion from steppe to spring wheat field for 36 years, total organic carbon （TOC） concentration at the 0 to 100 cm soil depth has decreased by 12.3% to 28.2%, and TOC of the surface soil horizon, especially those of 0-30 cm decreased more significantly （p〈0.01）. The dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and microbial biomass carbon （MBC） at the depth of 0-40 cm were found to have decreased by 66.7% to 77.1% and 36.5% to 42.4%, respectively. In the S.baicalensis steppe, the ratios of soil DOC to TOC varied between 0.52% and 0.60%, and those in the spring wheat field were only in the range of 0.18%-0.20%. The microbial quotients （qMBs） in the spring wheat field, varying from 1.11% to 1.40%, were also lower than those in the S. baicalensis steppe, which were in the range of 1.50%-1.63%. The change of DOC was much more sensitive to cultivation disturbance. Soil TOC, DOC, and MBC were significantly positive correlated with each other in the S. baicalensis steppe, but in the spring wheat field, the correlativity between DOC and TOC and that between DOC and MBC did not reach the significance level of 0.05.
文摘The Kamenushka Formation, exposed in the northern part of South Primorye （Kamennshka-1 and Kamenushka-2 sections）, is one of the few localities in the world with richly fossiliferous Lower-Upper Olenekian sedimentary successions. Lower to Middle Triassic ammonoid-, brachiopod- and conodont-bearing silty-clayey deposits of the Kamenushka-1 and Kamenushka-2 sections have been isotope-geochemically investigated in detail. As a result, these sections, together with the previously investigated Abrek Section, exposed in the southern part of South Primorye, provide almost complete ^15Non- and ^13Corg- records for the Lower Triassic of this region. Nine N- isotope intervals and the five negative C-isotope excursions, reflecting, apparently, unstable climatic and hydrological conditions, have been distinguished in the Lower Triassic of South Primorye. On the basis of the new C-isotope data the Mesohedenstroemia bosphorensis Zone （upper part）, Shimanskyites shimanskyi and Neocolumbites insignis zones of South Primorye are correlated now with the Lower Smithian part of the Yinkeng Formation, the Upper Smithian part of the Helongshan Formation and the Middle Spathian part of the Nanlinghu Formation in South China, respectively, as has been observed in the Abrek, Kamenushka-2, West Pingdingshan and Majiashan sections.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.51203015）, the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China~o.BK2012786）, Qing Lan Project and the Changzhou Science and Technology Support Program, China （No.CE20150002）.
文摘The surface ofpoly（ethylene terephthalate）（PET） films is inert, hydrophobic, and incompatible with blood, which has limited its practical bioapplication. In this case, better biocompatibility could be achieved by surface modification. In this study, the grafted copolymer of functional methoxypolyethylene glycol（mPEG） derivatives and styrene from the PET surfaces was prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization（SI-ATRP）. The structures, composition, properties and surface morphology of the grafted PET films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, contact angle measurements and scanning electronic microscopy（SEM）. The results indicate that the surface of the PET films has been covered by a thick targeted copolymer layer that converted the hydrophobic surface of PET to an amphiphilic surface. The bacte- rial adhesion and cell culture results indicate the copolymer-grafted PET film may possess good biocompatibility.
