Mycotoxins and their derivatives since their discoveries and until the present time are behind unspecified economic and medical damages.Aflatoxins are classified according to their physical–chemical and toxicological...Mycotoxins and their derivatives since their discoveries and until the present time are behind unspecified economic and medical damages.Aflatoxins are classified according to their physical–chemical and toxicological characters in the most dangerous row of the mycotoxins.These aflatoxins are in part responsible,of irreversible medical disasters that are not easily manageable such as cancer of the liver and kidneys,and in the other part,of losses in the stored cereal products.Based on these crucial findings,monitoring of this toxin became imperative in post-harvest food products,during storage,during transformation chain and even during the long phases of conservation.Vigilance of this toxin is delivered by detection methods using very advanced technologies to respond in the shortest possible times.In addition,the knowledge of factors supporting the biosynthesis of aflatoxins such as the temperature,moisture content,concentration of nitrogen and carbon,and the molecules responsible for the genetic control of the synthesis will be reflected later in the choice of bio-control techniques.This control is currently based on new strategies using the bioactives substances of the plants,the lactic bacteria and some strains of actinomycetes that have good inhibiting activity against aflatoxins with fewer side effects on Man.On the other hand,this brief review summarizes the results of new studies demonstrating the toxicity of the toxin,new detection methods and bio-control.展开更多
A new endophytic antagonistic fungus, Chaetomium spirale ND35 from Populus tomentosa, was reported. The bio-control trials of C. spirale ND35 against the Valsa Canker of apple were preliminarily investigated. The resu...A new endophytic antagonistic fungus, Chaetomium spirale ND35 from Populus tomentosa, was reported. The bio-control trials of C. spirale ND35 against the Valsa Canker of apple were preliminarily investigated. The results of dual culture on PDA plate showed that C. spirale ND35 was capable of strong antagonism against Valsa ceratosperma, and for inhibiting the mycelial growth of V. ceratosperma,.the crude extract of liquid culture of corn steep powder broth was more effective than that one of malt extract broth (MEB). The results of bio-control in greenhouse and field indicated that the disease incidence of apple tree treated with C. spirale ND35 was lower significantly than that treated by other methods. The re-isolation experiment suggested that C. spirale ND35 could colonize in stems and branches of apple trees successfully, and the ND35 colonization rate of the treatment with solid wheat bran culture was higher than that of corn steep powder broth, but the field experiment result the control effect of liquid culture of C. spirale ND35 was better than that of solid culture.展开更多
Neochetina eichhorniae and Neochetina bruchi have been used for over four decades as Eichhorniae crassipes classical biological control agents globally. Despite the success of bio-control against the water hyacinth gl...Neochetina eichhorniae and Neochetina bruchi have been used for over four decades as Eichhorniae crassipes classical biological control agents globally. Despite the success of bio-control against the water hyacinth globally at different levels and environmental sustainability, biological control against water hyacinth seems to have overlooked the socio-economic sustainability in assisting the ravaged communities, gain resilience and adapt to the challenges of the invasive alien species. This manuscript evaluates the potential to draw out more from biological control of the water hyacinth by evaluating the potential to utilize Neochetina eichhorniae and Neochetina bruchi as feed. The live insects of the two species were collected from the water hyacinth marts in the nearby L. Victoria in Siaya county, Kenya. Where they were then transferred for semi-cultivation in localized ponds for reproduction and closer monitoring. The ponds having been set up in completely randomized design while in the open within the same climatic region mimicked the water quality and most abiotic conditions of the lake necessary for the insects’ and host plant acclimatization and reproduction. The samples for proximate analysis were collected from these ponds as per the research and experimental design. The chemical compositions of the Neochetina bruchi, N. eichhorniae and their larvae composite, satisfactorily compared to basic fish feed requirements, specifically as a protein source having crude protein (CP) percentage per DM of 55.0350 ± 0.025, 54.4350 ± 0.035 and 62.2750 ± 0.025 respectively.展开更多
文摘Mycotoxins and their derivatives since their discoveries and until the present time are behind unspecified economic and medical damages.Aflatoxins are classified according to their physical–chemical and toxicological characters in the most dangerous row of the mycotoxins.These aflatoxins are in part responsible,of irreversible medical disasters that are not easily manageable such as cancer of the liver and kidneys,and in the other part,of losses in the stored cereal products.Based on these crucial findings,monitoring of this toxin became imperative in post-harvest food products,during storage,during transformation chain and even during the long phases of conservation.Vigilance of this toxin is delivered by detection methods using very advanced technologies to respond in the shortest possible times.In addition,the knowledge of factors supporting the biosynthesis of aflatoxins such as the temperature,moisture content,concentration of nitrogen and carbon,and the molecules responsible for the genetic control of the synthesis will be reflected later in the choice of bio-control techniques.This control is currently based on new strategies using the bioactives substances of the plants,the lactic bacteria and some strains of actinomycetes that have good inhibiting activity against aflatoxins with fewer side effects on Man.On the other hand,this brief review summarizes the results of new studies demonstrating the toxicity of the toxin,new detection methods and bio-control.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30100143)
文摘A new endophytic antagonistic fungus, Chaetomium spirale ND35 from Populus tomentosa, was reported. The bio-control trials of C. spirale ND35 against the Valsa Canker of apple were preliminarily investigated. The results of dual culture on PDA plate showed that C. spirale ND35 was capable of strong antagonism against Valsa ceratosperma, and for inhibiting the mycelial growth of V. ceratosperma,.the crude extract of liquid culture of corn steep powder broth was more effective than that one of malt extract broth (MEB). The results of bio-control in greenhouse and field indicated that the disease incidence of apple tree treated with C. spirale ND35 was lower significantly than that treated by other methods. The re-isolation experiment suggested that C. spirale ND35 could colonize in stems and branches of apple trees successfully, and the ND35 colonization rate of the treatment with solid wheat bran culture was higher than that of corn steep powder broth, but the field experiment result the control effect of liquid culture of C. spirale ND35 was better than that of solid culture.
文摘Neochetina eichhorniae and Neochetina bruchi have been used for over four decades as Eichhorniae crassipes classical biological control agents globally. Despite the success of bio-control against the water hyacinth globally at different levels and environmental sustainability, biological control against water hyacinth seems to have overlooked the socio-economic sustainability in assisting the ravaged communities, gain resilience and adapt to the challenges of the invasive alien species. This manuscript evaluates the potential to draw out more from biological control of the water hyacinth by evaluating the potential to utilize Neochetina eichhorniae and Neochetina bruchi as feed. The live insects of the two species were collected from the water hyacinth marts in the nearby L. Victoria in Siaya county, Kenya. Where they were then transferred for semi-cultivation in localized ponds for reproduction and closer monitoring. The ponds having been set up in completely randomized design while in the open within the same climatic region mimicked the water quality and most abiotic conditions of the lake necessary for the insects’ and host plant acclimatization and reproduction. The samples for proximate analysis were collected from these ponds as per the research and experimental design. The chemical compositions of the Neochetina bruchi, N. eichhorniae and their larvae composite, satisfactorily compared to basic fish feed requirements, specifically as a protein source having crude protein (CP) percentage per DM of 55.0350 ± 0.025, 54.4350 ± 0.035 and 62.2750 ± 0.025 respectively.
