Abstract Zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） concentrations were determined in the tissues （muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads） of five commercial fish species （mullet Liza haematocheilus, flathead Platyceph...Abstract Zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） concentrations were determined in the tissues （muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads） of five commercial fish species （mullet Liza haematocheilus, flathead Platycephalus indicus, mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, silver pomfret Pampus argenteus, and sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus） from Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea. Metal bioaccumulation was highest in the metabolically active tissues of the gonads and liver. Bioconcentration factors for Zn were higher in all tissues （gonads 44.35, stomach 7.73, gills 7.72, liver 5.61, skin 4.88, and muscle 1.63） than the corresponding values for Cu （gonads 3.50, stomach 3.00, gills 1.60, liver 5.43, skin 1.50, and muscle 0.93）. Mackerel tissues accumulated metal to higher concentrations than did other fish species, but bioaccumulation levels were not significantly correlated with the trophic levels of the fish. Zn and Cu concentrations in the tissues were generally negatively correlated with fish length, except for a few tissues of sea bass. Risk assessment based on national and international permissible limits and provisional tolerances for weekly intake of Zn and Cu revealed that the concentrations of these two metals in muscle were relatively low and would not pose hazards to human health.展开更多
This initial research examined the presence, distribution and bioavailability of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn and Fe in a wetland area of southern Guam. The research sites are within an area covered with saporite, a soil type deriv...This initial research examined the presence, distribution and bioavailability of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn and Fe in a wetland area of southern Guam. The research sites are within an area covered with saporite, a soil type derived from volcanic deposits on the island. Leaf tissue of Pandanus tectorius was extracted and analysed to determine the bioaccumulation of the target metals. Metal accumulation at sites considered aerobic and anaerobic was investigated together with an attempt to correlate actual accumulation of the target metals in the plant tissue with a recognised bioavailability indicator, in this case, three step sequential extraction scheme. Manganese was found to be accumulated in relatively high concentrations and to a lesser extent Cu was also accumulated. Chromium, Ni and Fe however exhibited very low accumulation factors. Accumulation of Mn in particular was significantly affected by aerobic conditions whereas the converse effect was experienced by Cu. Significant correlation between various steps of a Sequential Extraction Scheme and actual accumulation was not achieved although the degree of aerobic conditions at each site and soil pH did affect concentrations of metals extracted by differing steps of SES. Results obtained suggest that further research in the area should be undertaken using different plant species and tissues.展开更多
Accumulation of metals in both sediments and Phragmites australis organs was studied. Samples were collected from seven stations located in Anzali wetland, Iran. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma...Accumulation of metals in both sediments and Phragmites australis organs was studied. Samples were collected from seven stations located in Anzali wetland, Iran. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The results showed that concentration of the studied metals(except As and Cd) were higher in sediments than in P.australis organs. Metal accumulation was found to be signifi cantly(P <0.05) higher in roots than in above-ground organs of P.australis. The bioaccumulation factor(BAF) and the transfer factor(TF) also verifi ed the highest rate of metal accumulation in roots and their reduced mobility from roots to the above-ground organs. Pearson correlation coeffi cient showed signifi cant relationships between metal concentrations in sediments and those in plant organs. It should be pointed out that sediment and plant samples exhibited higher metal concentrations in eastern and central parts than in western and southern parts of the wetland. The mean concentrations of all studied elements(except for Fe, V and Al) were higher in these sediment samples than in the Earth's crust and shale. High accumulation of metals in P. australis organs(roots and shoots) is indicative of their high bioavailability in sediments of the wetland. The correlation between metal concentrations in sediments and in P. australis indicates that plant organs are good bioindicators of metal pollution in sediments of Anzali wetland.展开更多
Concentration of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Zinc and Mercury were determined in the muscles, gills and liver of ten fish species (Epinephelus areolatus, Epinephelus radiates, Anthias squamipinnis, Plectorhinchus chaetodon...Concentration of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Zinc and Mercury were determined in the muscles, gills and liver of ten fish species (Epinephelus areolatus, Epinephelus radiates, Anthias squamipinnis, Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides, Snubnose emperor, Dicentrarchus labrax, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus, lutjanus kasmira, lutjanus ehrenbergii and Acanthurus gahhm) as well as three specimens of crustaceans (Metapenaeus dalli, Panulirus penicillatus and Portunus petagicus) and two Specimens of squids (Parateuthis tunicate and Chtenopteryx sicula) collected from Jeddah coastal water during 2014. The obtained results declared that, the average concentrations of heavy metals were as follows: Cd (0.098, 0.20, 0.106), Cu (0.358, 0.327, 1.536), Pb (0.3, 0.257, 0.196), Zn (3.00, 7.390, 4.999) μg/g wet weight in the muscle, gills and liver, respectively. While, the concentration of Hg was invariably undetectable in all samples of different organs of the collected fish species. The average concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in the soft part of the investigated crustaceans (Metapenaeus dalli, Panulirus penicillatus and Portunus petagicus) and squids (Parateuthis tunicate and Chtenopteryx sicula) were relatively higher compared with the muscle tissues in the examined fish species. The results of bioconcentration factor (BCFs) indicated that among examined metals Zn was the most readily absorbed by fish and the highest BAFs for examined fish species were determined in gill of Snubnose emperor.展开更多
Urban wastewater contains various pollutants, with heavy metals being common, posing risks to the environment and public health, especially when used for irrigation in agricultural systems. This study aimed to assess ...Urban wastewater contains various pollutants, with heavy metals being common, posing risks to the environment and public health, especially when used for irrigation in agricultural systems. This study aimed to assess the total and bioavailable content of Pb and Cr in agricultural soil irrigated with wastewater and their accumulation in alfalfa crops. Five alfalfa sites were sampled, and ten surface soil samples were collected from the top 30 cm of each plot. Plant samples were also collected at each sampling point. A composite sample of irrigation water from the main channels was also collected and prepared. The concentration of heavy metals was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed concentrations of Pb and Cr (VI) in the irrigation water above the maximum permissible limits according to environmental regulations. The soil had high organic matter content, neutral pH, elevated electrical conductivity (EC), and Pb and Cr contents of up to 103 and 89 mg/kg, respectively. In alfalfa tissues, Pb and Cr concentrations were recorded at 26 mg/kg and 4.6 mg/kg, respectively (Cr (VI), with lower concentrations observed in the roots. Cr (VI) was higher at all sites, with ranges from 2.25 to 43.56, while lead (Pb) had an AR ranging from 0.64 to 27.04. The Pb presented a mean of 1.45 of the Bioaccumulation factor values, which can be considered a metal-accumulating plant.展开更多
以全国小麦产区的14种土壤为材料,采用盆栽试验方法研究了小麦在对照、Cd处理(0.6 mg·kg-1 p H<7.5,1.2 mg·kg-1 p H>7.5)条件下,Cd在小麦各部位的含量及其富集和转运。结果表明:对于两组Cd处理而言,Cd在小麦中的分布...以全国小麦产区的14种土壤为材料,采用盆栽试验方法研究了小麦在对照、Cd处理(0.6 mg·kg-1 p H<7.5,1.2 mg·kg-1 p H>7.5)条件下,Cd在小麦各部位的含量及其富集和转运。结果表明:对于两组Cd处理而言,Cd在小麦中的分布趋势均为根>茎>籽粒,而且各部位的Cd含量相互间均显著性相关(Cd处理的籽粒与根除外)。14种土壤种植下,小麦根、茎、籽粒的Cd含量范围分别为:0.11~2.18、0.04~0.75、0.004~0.08 mg·kg-1(对照);3.14~12.04、0.18~0.94、0.09~0.43 mg·kg-1(Cd处理)。14种土壤中根-土的Cd富集系数范围为0.59~13.69(对照)、2.98~14.86(Cd处理);茎-根、籽粒-根的转运系数范围为:0.22~1.60、0.02~0.14(对照);0.04~0.13、0.01~0.06(Cd处理)。小麦籽粒Cd含量与土壤理化性质的相关性分析及预测方程显示,无论土壤是否受Cd污染,籽粒Cd含量与土壤p H均呈极显著性负相关,相关性系数分别为-0.828(对照)、-0.841(Cd处理),p H是影响籽粒吸收Cd的首要土壤因素,有机碳(OC)含量则为第二因素,籽粒Cd含量预测方程拟合效果良好(对照R2=0.84;Cd处理R2=0.93)。展开更多
采用盆栽试验,通过向土壤中添加DDT设置3个浓度处理(T1,295 ng g-1;T2,3723 ng g-1;T3,6109 ng g-1)和1个对照(CK,31 ng g-1),研究花生(Arachis hypogaea)对DDT的吸收积累。花生果实成熟后将植株分成根、茎、果壳和果仁四部分,GC-ECD测...采用盆栽试验,通过向土壤中添加DDT设置3个浓度处理(T1,295 ng g-1;T2,3723 ng g-1;T3,6109 ng g-1)和1个对照(CK,31 ng g-1),研究花生(Arachis hypogaea)对DDT的吸收积累。花生果实成熟后将植株分成根、茎、果壳和果仁四部分,GC-ECD测定各部位中的DDT浓度。结果表明,在T2和T3处理中,花生果仁中的DDT含量高达200 ng g-1左右,超过100 ng g-1的WHO/FAO最大残留限量标准。虽然在CK和T1中,花生的果仁没有超标,但是,果壳和茎中,特别是根中DDT的高浓度值得关注。根部的总量最大,果仁中的总量最小,根部是DDT吸收积累的最主要部位。花生根部和茎部较高的生物蓄积系数暗示着花生对DDT具有较强的吸收积累能力。此外,研究显示花生果仁中高的含油量可能有助于亲脂性DDT的吸收积累。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Group(No.41121064)the International or Regional Research Cooperation and Exchange Project(No.31061160187)
文摘Abstract Zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） concentrations were determined in the tissues （muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads） of five commercial fish species （mullet Liza haematocheilus, flathead Platycephalus indicus, mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, silver pomfret Pampus argenteus, and sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus） from Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea. Metal bioaccumulation was highest in the metabolically active tissues of the gonads and liver. Bioconcentration factors for Zn were higher in all tissues （gonads 44.35, stomach 7.73, gills 7.72, liver 5.61, skin 4.88, and muscle 1.63） than the corresponding values for Cu （gonads 3.50, stomach 3.00, gills 1.60, liver 5.43, skin 1.50, and muscle 0.93）. Mackerel tissues accumulated metal to higher concentrations than did other fish species, but bioaccumulation levels were not significantly correlated with the trophic levels of the fish. Zn and Cu concentrations in the tissues were generally negatively correlated with fish length, except for a few tissues of sea bass. Risk assessment based on national and international permissible limits and provisional tolerances for weekly intake of Zn and Cu revealed that the concentrations of these two metals in muscle were relatively low and would not pose hazards to human health.
文摘This initial research examined the presence, distribution and bioavailability of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn and Fe in a wetland area of southern Guam. The research sites are within an area covered with saporite, a soil type derived from volcanic deposits on the island. Leaf tissue of Pandanus tectorius was extracted and analysed to determine the bioaccumulation of the target metals. Metal accumulation at sites considered aerobic and anaerobic was investigated together with an attempt to correlate actual accumulation of the target metals in the plant tissue with a recognised bioavailability indicator, in this case, three step sequential extraction scheme. Manganese was found to be accumulated in relatively high concentrations and to a lesser extent Cu was also accumulated. Chromium, Ni and Fe however exhibited very low accumulation factors. Accumulation of Mn in particular was significantly affected by aerobic conditions whereas the converse effect was experienced by Cu. Significant correlation between various steps of a Sequential Extraction Scheme and actual accumulation was not achieved although the degree of aerobic conditions at each site and soil pH did affect concentrations of metals extracted by differing steps of SES. Results obtained suggest that further research in the area should be undertaken using different plant species and tissues.
文摘Accumulation of metals in both sediments and Phragmites australis organs was studied. Samples were collected from seven stations located in Anzali wetland, Iran. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The results showed that concentration of the studied metals(except As and Cd) were higher in sediments than in P.australis organs. Metal accumulation was found to be signifi cantly(P <0.05) higher in roots than in above-ground organs of P.australis. The bioaccumulation factor(BAF) and the transfer factor(TF) also verifi ed the highest rate of metal accumulation in roots and their reduced mobility from roots to the above-ground organs. Pearson correlation coeffi cient showed signifi cant relationships between metal concentrations in sediments and those in plant organs. It should be pointed out that sediment and plant samples exhibited higher metal concentrations in eastern and central parts than in western and southern parts of the wetland. The mean concentrations of all studied elements(except for Fe, V and Al) were higher in these sediment samples than in the Earth's crust and shale. High accumulation of metals in P. australis organs(roots and shoots) is indicative of their high bioavailability in sediments of the wetland. The correlation between metal concentrations in sediments and in P. australis indicates that plant organs are good bioindicators of metal pollution in sediments of Anzali wetland.
文摘Concentration of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Zinc and Mercury were determined in the muscles, gills and liver of ten fish species (Epinephelus areolatus, Epinephelus radiates, Anthias squamipinnis, Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides, Snubnose emperor, Dicentrarchus labrax, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus, lutjanus kasmira, lutjanus ehrenbergii and Acanthurus gahhm) as well as three specimens of crustaceans (Metapenaeus dalli, Panulirus penicillatus and Portunus petagicus) and two Specimens of squids (Parateuthis tunicate and Chtenopteryx sicula) collected from Jeddah coastal water during 2014. The obtained results declared that, the average concentrations of heavy metals were as follows: Cd (0.098, 0.20, 0.106), Cu (0.358, 0.327, 1.536), Pb (0.3, 0.257, 0.196), Zn (3.00, 7.390, 4.999) μg/g wet weight in the muscle, gills and liver, respectively. While, the concentration of Hg was invariably undetectable in all samples of different organs of the collected fish species. The average concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in the soft part of the investigated crustaceans (Metapenaeus dalli, Panulirus penicillatus and Portunus petagicus) and squids (Parateuthis tunicate and Chtenopteryx sicula) were relatively higher compared with the muscle tissues in the examined fish species. The results of bioconcentration factor (BCFs) indicated that among examined metals Zn was the most readily absorbed by fish and the highest BAFs for examined fish species were determined in gill of Snubnose emperor.
文摘Urban wastewater contains various pollutants, with heavy metals being common, posing risks to the environment and public health, especially when used for irrigation in agricultural systems. This study aimed to assess the total and bioavailable content of Pb and Cr in agricultural soil irrigated with wastewater and their accumulation in alfalfa crops. Five alfalfa sites were sampled, and ten surface soil samples were collected from the top 30 cm of each plot. Plant samples were also collected at each sampling point. A composite sample of irrigation water from the main channels was also collected and prepared. The concentration of heavy metals was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed concentrations of Pb and Cr (VI) in the irrigation water above the maximum permissible limits according to environmental regulations. The soil had high organic matter content, neutral pH, elevated electrical conductivity (EC), and Pb and Cr contents of up to 103 and 89 mg/kg, respectively. In alfalfa tissues, Pb and Cr concentrations were recorded at 26 mg/kg and 4.6 mg/kg, respectively (Cr (VI), with lower concentrations observed in the roots. Cr (VI) was higher at all sites, with ranges from 2.25 to 43.56, while lead (Pb) had an AR ranging from 0.64 to 27.04. The Pb presented a mean of 1.45 of the Bioaccumulation factor values, which can be considered a metal-accumulating plant.
文摘采用盆栽试验,通过向土壤中添加DDT设置3个浓度处理(T1,295 ng g-1;T2,3723 ng g-1;T3,6109 ng g-1)和1个对照(CK,31 ng g-1),研究花生(Arachis hypogaea)对DDT的吸收积累。花生果实成熟后将植株分成根、茎、果壳和果仁四部分,GC-ECD测定各部位中的DDT浓度。结果表明,在T2和T3处理中,花生果仁中的DDT含量高达200 ng g-1左右,超过100 ng g-1的WHO/FAO最大残留限量标准。虽然在CK和T1中,花生的果仁没有超标,但是,果壳和茎中,特别是根中DDT的高浓度值得关注。根部的总量最大,果仁中的总量最小,根部是DDT吸收积累的最主要部位。花生根部和茎部较高的生物蓄积系数暗示着花生对DDT具有较强的吸收积累能力。此外,研究显示花生果仁中高的含油量可能有助于亲脂性DDT的吸收积累。
