Exploring the molecular biological mechanism of Shugan Jianpi Decoction in the treatment of depression-related breast cancer based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the molecular biological mechanism of Shugan Jianpi Decoction in treating depression-related breast cancer based on network pharmacology.Methods:The active compounds of Shugan Jianpi Decoction were explored to obtain their drug targets,and the venny network,"TCM-component-target"network,PPI network,"pathway-gene"network,GO and KEGG enrichment results were constructed using relevant softwares.Results:A total of 121 active ingredients,250 genes,2357 GO functions and 184 KEGG pathways were obtained.Conclusion:The active ingredients of Shugan Jianpi Decoction are quercetinll、kaempferol、luteolin、naringenin.The key targets are MAPK1,MAPK3,RELA,and AKT1.GO functions include cellular response to hormone stimulus、cellular response to lipid、cellular response to oxidative stress and so on.KEGG mainly involves PI3K-Akt,microRNAs,and FoxO signaling pathways.This study preliminarily explores the molecular biological mechanism of Shugan Jianpi Decoction in the treatment of depression-related breast cancer,and speculates that it mainly acts by arresting the cell cycle,inhibiting cancer cell proliferation,mediating cancer cell apoptosis,and preventing its recurrence and metastasis,which provides new evidence and new direction for subsequent clinical application and experimental research.

Water-lifting and aeration system improves water quality of drinking water reservoirs: Biological mechanism and field application

Reservoirs have been served as the major source of drinking water for dozens of years.The water quality safety of large andmedium reservoirs increasingly becomes the focus of public concern.Field test has proved that water-lifting and aeration system(WLAS)is a piece of effective equipment for in situ control and improvement of water quality.However,its intrinsic bioremediation mechanism,especially for nitrogen removal,still lacks in-depth investigation.Hence,the dynamic changes inwater quality parameters,carbon source metabolism,species compositions and co-occurrence patterns ofmicrobial communitieswere systematically studied in Jinpen Reservoir within a wholeWLAS running cycle.TheWLAS operation could efficiently reduce organic carbon(19.77%),nitrogen(21.55%)and phosphorus(65.60%),respectively.Biolog analysis revealed that the microbialmetabolic capacitieswere enhanced viaWLAS operation,especially in bottomwater.High-throughput sequencing demonstrated that WLAS operation altered the diversity and distributions of microbial communities in the source water.The most dominant genus accountable for aerobic denitrification was identified as Dechloromonas.Furthermore,network analysis revealed that microorganisms interacted more closely through WLAS operation.Oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)and total nitrogen(TN)were regarded as the two main physicochemical parameters influencing microbial community structures,as confirmed by redundancy analysis(RDA)and Mantel test.Overall,the results will provide a scientific basis and an effective way for strengthening the in-situ bioremediation of micro-polluted source water.

Unraveling the biological link between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer:Insights and implications

This article is a comprehensive study based on research on the connection between diabetes mellitus(DM)and prostate cancer(PCa).It investigates the potential role of DM as an independent risk factor for PCa,delving into the biological links,including insulin resistance and hormonal changes.The paper critically analyzes previous studies that have shown varying results and introduces mendelian randomization as a method for establishing causality.It emphasizes the importance of early DM screening and lifestyle modifications in preventing PCa,and proposes future research directions for further understanding the DM-PCa relationship.

Development of a Leg Mechanism for Soft Landing Based on Biological Motion

With jumping mechanisms,soft landing motion is important to protect loads and the mechanisms.This study proposes a leg mechanism for soft landing based on biological motion.Human jumping motion with a load suggests a unique motion for soft landing.The landing model consists of two periods.Jerk is minimized in the first period and force is minimized in the second period.In comparison with other landing models,this model is specialized for soft landing motion protecting an objective part.Given all mechanisms have mass,such model is useful in practical application.For the purpose of realizing soft landing motion,this study proposes a new leg mechanism.The mechanism achieves quick variable transmission with cam and wire.Design process of the cam is explained with dynamics and computation.With the calculated cam shape,the leg mechanism can be driven by constant input voltage for simple control.Robustness against height change is also verified with landing simulation.With 50mm falling experiment,prototype leg mechanism performed soft landing without bounce motion and large sound.The acceleration profile of the body also agrees with the proposed soft landing model.

Network Pharmacology-based Analysis on Determining the Mechanisms of Yishen Qutong Granules(益肾祛痛颗粒)in Alleviating Cancer-related Fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue(CRF)is associated with cancer-related anemia(CRA).As the common comorbidities of cancer,both of them can seriously affect the quality of patient life.Yishen Qutong Granules(益肾祛痛颗粒,YSQTG)have achieved good curative effects in the treatment of CRA.However,the mechanism of whether it can alleviate CRF needs further confirmation.We used network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate the molecular mechanism and the effective compounds of the prescription.Through the analysis and research in this paper,we obtained 76 effective compounds and 76 drug-disease intersection targets to construct a network,indicating that quercetin,luteolin,baicalein,β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were possibly the most important compounds in YSQTG.The key targets of YSQTG for CRF were mainly enriched in IL-17 and TNF pathways.816 GO entries and 113 pathways were obtained by GO and KEGG enrichment,respectively,which proved that YSQTG might have a comprehensive therapeutic effect on CRF mainly through regulating IL-17,TNF,MAPK,NF-κB and chemokines,as well as cholinergic synapse and 5-HT synapse pathways.The results of molecular docking showed thatβ-sitosterol and stigmasterol could form PI-Alkyl or Alkyl hydrophobic interactions with CXCL8 and ESR1 at residues LEU25,ARG26,PHE65,ALA69 and LEU346,ALA350,LEU391,PHE404,LEU525,VAL533,respectively.In conclusion,the therapeutic effect of YSQTG on CRF is based on the comprehensive pharmacological effect of multicomponent,multitarget,and multichannel pathways.This study provides a theoretical basis for further experimental research.

Intended process water management concept for the mechanical biological treatment of municipal solid waste

Accumulating operational experience in both aerobic and anaerobic mechanical biological waste treatment （MBT） makes it increasingly obvious that controlled water management would substantially reduce the cost of MBT and also enhance resource recovery of the organic and inorganic fraction. The MBT plant at Gescher, Germany, is used as an example in order to determine the quantity and composition of process water and leachates from intensive and subsequent rotting, pressing water from anaerobic digestion and scrubber water from acid exhaust air treatment, and hence prepare an MBT water balance. The potential of, requirements for and limits to internal process water reuse as well as the possibilities of resource recovery from scrubber water are also examined. Finally, an assimilated process water management concept with the purpose of an extensive reduction of wastewater quantity and freshwater demand is presented.

A Preliminary Study on Principle of Etiology Mechanism

Based on the inspiration from Hetu and Luoshu,a principle diagram of pathogenicity of pathogenic factors was established.Accordingly,the inner correlations between pathogenic factor type and biological factors,and between pathogenic factors and host were analyzed.Mechanism of pathogenesis was discussed with five representative cases.The result indicated that effect of biological factors on host could be proved only with the performance of internalization conditions of biological factor and host.The reciprocal transformation between biological factors and pathogenic factors was decided by interaction and state of co-existed factors and host.The results suggested that it is a better and attractive choice to regulate and optimize the host’s state in practice than direct elimination of pathogens with antibiotics.

Additive manufacturing of biodegradable magnesium-based materials:Design strategies,properties,and biomedical applications

Magnesium(Mg)-based materials are a new generation of alloys with the exclusive ability to be biodegradable within the human/animal body.In addition to biodegradability,their inherent biocompatibility and similar-to-bone density make Mg-based alloys good candidates for fabricating surgical bioimplants for use in orthopedic and traumatology treatments.To this end,nowadays additive manufacturing(AM)along with three-dimensional(3D)printing represents a promising manufacturing technique as it allows for the integration of bioimplant design and manufacturing processes specific to given applications.Meanwhile,this technique also faces many new challenges associated with the properties of Mg-based alloys,including high chemical reactivity,potential for combustion,and low vaporization temperature.In this review article,various AM processes to fabricate biomedical implants from Mg-based alloys,along with their metallic microstructure,mechanical properties,biodegradability,biocompatibility,and antibacterial properties,as well as various post-AM treatments were critically reviewed.Also,the challenges and issues involved in AM processes from the perspectives of bioimplant design,properties,and applications were identified;the possibilities and potential scope of the Mg-based scaffolds/implants are discussed and highlighted.

Biological effect and molecular mechanism study of biomaterials based on proteomic research

Along with the role transformation of biomaterials from bioinert substitute to regenerative inducer, the biological effect and mechanism of material-organism interaction become more important. Since most of animal tests and cellular experiments stay on the phenomenon description instead of mechanism interpretation, the development of proteomics technologies provides a golden opportunity to uncover the molecular interaction mechanism between biomaterial-organism on whole scale. This review summarizes current application of proteomics in biological effect and mechanism study of biomaterials, and discusses the development and challenges for future studies.

Preparation,Mechanical and Biological Properties of Inkjet Printed Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogel

3D printing has made remarkable progress in soft tissue reconstruction enabling the custom design of complex material implants with patient specific geometry.The aim of this study was to inkjet print mechanically reinforced biocompatible hydrogels.Here,we developed a double crosslinked ink by optimizing the rheological properties of solutions of sodium alginate(NaAlg),NaAlg/transglutaminase(TG),CaCl_(2)and gelatin/CaCl_(2).The results showed that a two-component ink system comprising NaAlg(4%w/v)/TG(0.8%w/v)and gelatin(4%w/v)/CaCl_(2)(3%w/v)gave optimum printability.The mechanical and biological properties of printed alginate/gelatin hydrogels prepared from inks with different gelatin contents,and incorporated fibroblasts,were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM),mechanical testing and laser confocal microscopy.The compressive moduli of alginate/gelatin hydrogels could be adjusted from 19.2 kPa±1.2 kPa to 65.9 kPa±3.3 kPa by increasing the content of gelatin.After incubation for 7 d,fibroblasts had permeated all printed hydrogels and the rate of proliferation increased with increasing gelatin content.The highest cell proliferation rate(497%)was obtained in a hydrogel containing 4.5%(w/v)gelatin.This study offers a new strategy for the fabrication of 3D structures used to mimic the function of native tissues.

Effect of loading rate on shear strength parameters of mechanically and biologically treated waste

Mechanical biological treatment(MBT)technology has attracted increasing attention because it can reduce the volume of waste produced.To deal with the current trend of increasing waste,MBT practices are being adopted to address waste generated in developing urban societies.In this study,a total of 20 specimens of consolidated undrained triaxial tests were conducted on waste obtained from the Hangzhou Tianziling landfill,China,to evaluate the effect of loading rate on the shear strength parameters of MBT waste.The MBT waste samples exhibited an evident strain-hardening behavior,and no peak was observed even when the axial strain exceeded 25%.Further,the shear strength increased with an increase in the loading rate;the effect of loading rate on shear strength under a low confining pressure was greater than that under a high confining pressure.Furthermore,the shear strength parameters of MBT waste were related to the loading rate.The relationship between the cohesion,internal friction angle,and logarithm of the loading rate could be fitted to a linear relationship,which was established in this study.Finally,the ranges of shear strength parameters cohesion c and effective cohesion c′were determined as 1.0–8.2 kPa and 2.1–14.9 kPa,respectively;the ranges of the internal friction angleφand effective internal friction angleφ’were determined as 16.2°–29°and 19.8°–43.9°,respectively.These results could be used as a valuable reference for conducting stability analyses of MBT landfills.

Reaction of Ketene Dithioacetals with Pyrazolylcarbohydrazide:Synthesis and Biological Activities of Ethyl 5-Amino-1-(5'- methyl-1'-t-butyl-4'-pyrazolyl)carbonyl-3-methylthio-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate

The title compound, C16H23N5O3S, ethyl 5-amino-1-(5'-methyl-1'-t-butyl-4'-pyrazolyl)carbonyl-3-methylthio- 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (5) has been synthesized by the treatment of ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-dimethylthioacrylate with 1-t-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydrazinocarbonylpyrazole (4) in refluxed ethanol. The possible mechanism of the above reaction was also discussed. The results of biological test show that the title compound has fungicidal and plant growth regulation activities.

Top-geoherbs of traditional Chinese medicine:common traits,quality characteristics and formation

Top-geoherbs used in China are always featured with high qualities,and they grow in specified areas with specific environment.Recently,researches on top-geoherbs have attracted increasing attention in China and other countries.In order to have a thorough knowledge of top-geoherbs,this article reviews the concept,historical evolution,common trait and quality characteristics of top-geoherbs,and explains the forming mechanism including genetic mechanism and environmental mechanism.In addition,it introduces the influence of human factors on the quality of top-geoherbs.Finally,it proposes some problems that should be paid attention to in the researches on top-geoherbs.

Aerodynamic Performance of the Locust Wing in Gliding Mode at Low Reynolds Number

Gliding is an important flight mode for insects because it saves energy during long distance flight without wing flapping. In this study, we investigated the influence of locust wing corrugation on the aerodynamic performance in gliding mode at low Reynolds number. Numerical simulations using two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are applied to study the gliding flight, which reveals the interaction between forewing and hindwing. The lift of the corrugated airfoil in a locust wing decreases from the wing root to the tip. Simulation results show that the pressure drags on the forewing and hindwing increase with an increase in wing thickness; while the lift-drag ratio of the airfoil is marginally affected by the corrugation on the airfoil. Geometric parameters analysis of the locust wing is also carried out, which includes the corrugation height, the corrugation placement and the shapes of leading and trailing edges.

Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System and Its Biomimetic Implications： A Review

Biological musculoskeletal system （MSK）, composed of numerous bones, cartilages, skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments etc., provides form, support, movement and stability for human or animal body. As the result of million years of selection and evolution, the biological MSK evolves to be a nearly perfect mechanical mechanism to support and transport the human or animal body, and would provide enormously rich resources to inspire engineers to innovate new technology and methodology to develop robots and mechanisms as effective and economical as the biological systems. This paper provides a general review of the current status of musculoskeletal biomechanics studies using both experimental and computational methods. This includes the use of the latest three-dimensional motion analysis systems, various medical imaging modalities, and also the advanced rigid-body and continuum mechanics musculoskeletal modelling techniques. Afterwards, several representative biomimetic studies based on ideas and concepts inspired from the structures and biomechanical functions of the biological MSK are dis- cussed. Finally, the major challenges and also the future research directions in musculoskeletal biomechanics and its biomimetic studies are proposed.

Snake-Hot-Eye-Assisted Multi-Process-Fusion Target Tracking Based on a Roll-Pitch Semi-strapdown Infrared Imaging Seeker

Aiming at intercepting large maneuvering targets precisely,the guidance law of advanced self-seeking missiles requires not only inertial line-of-sight(LOS)angular rate but also target maneuvering acceleration.Moreover,the semi-strapdown stabilization platform has lost the ability to measure the inertial LOS angular rate directly,which needs to be extracted by numerical calculation.The differential operation commonly used in traditional methods can magnify the measurement error of the sensor,resulting in insufficient calculation accuracy of the line-of-sight angular rate.By analyzing the mathematical relationship between the missile-target relative motion and the angle tracking system,a multi-process-fusion integrated filter model of relative motion and angle tracking is presented.To overcome the defect that the infrared seeker cannot directly measure the missile-target distance,following the snake-hot-eye visual mechanism,a visual bionic imaging guidance method of estimating the missile-target relative distance from the infrared images is proposed to improve the observability of the filter model.Finally,target-tracking simulations verify that the estimation accuracy of target acceleration is improved by four times.