Plant development is a process from germination of seed to vegetative growth, flower initiation and development, fertilization and finally to the next generation seed formation. A lot of achievements have been obtai...Plant development is a process from germination of seed to vegetative growth, flower initiation and development, fertilization and finally to the next generation seed formation. A lot of achievements have been obtained in plant developmental biology in China. Since the 1990's, those young generation scientists returned to China from abroad to use molecular and genetic techniques to study morphological, physiological and biochemical process of plant development. The present paper reviews the progress in some research area of plant developmental biology in the past decades and also prospects the chance and future of plant developmental studies, due to the recent advances of plant genome sequencing and functional genomics in China under the international research background.展开更多
Physiological meturity stage,kernel water content in physiological maturity and natural drydown rate of 42 maize inbred lines and 8 hybrids were studied in field test.The results showed that the late and mid late and...Physiological meturity stage,kernel water content in physiological maturity and natural drydown rate of 42 maize inbred lines and 8 hybrids were studied in field test.The results showed that the late and mid late and mid early inbred lines and hybrids tested reached their physiological maturity stage at 50～60 d and 45～50 d after silking,respectively,and at this time the water content of kernel was 28%～42% and 26%～40%,respectively.The drydown rate of the inbred lines and hybrids tested had significant differences and had significant correlation with ear diameter and ear position.The late line Ji16,mid late lines Ji846 and ZaC546,the mid early line Longkang11 and the early line Dong91 were moisture quick-loss inbred lines and cound be used in fast drydown maize hybrid breeding program.展开更多
The reproductive biology of bream Ahramis brama （L.） was studied from 546 fish collected from the lower reaches of the Irtysh River in Xinjiang, north-west China, from March to November 2013. The overall sex ratio ...The reproductive biology of bream Ahramis brama （L.） was studied from 546 fish collected from the lower reaches of the Irtysh River in Xinjiang, north-west China, from March to November 2013. The overall sex ratio （M/F） was 1.06：1, and was not significantly different from the theoretical 1：1 ratio （P〉0.5）. However, there was a dominance of males during the pre-spawning season （ 1.33 in March and 1.56 in April, P〈0.5）, while females were dominant during the peak spawning season （0.88 in June, P〈0.5）. The monthly variation in gonadosomatic index （GSI） and proportion of gonads at each macroscopic maturity stage, indicated that A. brama spawned once a year with peak spawning occurring from late May to June. The unimodal distribution of oocyte diameter each month indicated that A. brama is a single spawner, with a high degree of spawning synchronicity. The standard lengths （SLs0） and ages （As0） at first maturity for males and females, were 178 and 204 mm, and 5.6 and 6.8 years, respectively. The mean absolute fecundity （AF） was 77 311 eggs per fish, and mean relative fecundity （RF） was 162 eggs per gram of body weight （BW）. The AF ofA. brama increased linearly with increasing of gonad weight （GW）, eviscerated weight （EW） and standard length （SL）, but was not significantly correlated with age. As, A. brama in the lower reaches of the Irtysh River reaches reproductive maturity relatively late in their life span, is mature for a short period and spawns in aggregations, this fish is vulnerable to overexploitation.展开更多
Reproductive biology of L. mormyrus was studied using monthly samples totaling 224 fish obtained from AI-Haneah fishing site, eastern Libya Mediterranean Sea. Lengths of the examined fish ranged between 11.5 cm and 23...Reproductive biology of L. mormyrus was studied using monthly samples totaling 224 fish obtained from AI-Haneah fishing site, eastern Libya Mediterranean Sea. Lengths of the examined fish ranged between 11.5 cm and 23.4 cm. Corresponding weights were 24.5 g and 160.8 g. The minimum values of the condition factors, KF and Kc, were 1.38 and 1.21 at the average fish length of 12.4 cm. These values increased with increases in length until they reached maximum values of 1.59 and 1.41 at the length of 22.1 cm. The high values of KF and Kc, Gonado-Somatic Index and oocyte diameter maintained during May, June, July, and August and the monthly changes in gonadal condition, indicated that summer was the breeding season of L. mormyrus. The oocyte diameter ranged between 379± 25.3 μ and 1,511 ± 143.3μ （n = 76） with an average of 895 ± 111.3 μ. The sex ratio was in favor of females during all months of the study. The overall sex ratio was 1 ： 1.52. Length at first maturity, Ls0, for L. mormyrus was found to be 14.15 cm for males and 14.45 for females. Overall average of absolute fecundity was 4,342±557 egg per fish （n = 45）. The overall average of relative fecundity was 234± 181 egg per cm. Absolute fecundity increased with increasing fish length.展开更多
干旱是限制植物生产力和威胁粮食安全的重要因素之一。高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)是全球主粮和饲料作物,因其具有较强的抗旱性和能够在恶劣的环境条件下生存而广泛种植于干旱半干旱地区,在作物抗旱领域中具有重要的研究价值。深...干旱是限制植物生产力和威胁粮食安全的重要因素之一。高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)是全球主粮和饲料作物,因其具有较强的抗旱性和能够在恶劣的环境条件下生存而广泛种植于干旱半干旱地区,在作物抗旱领域中具有重要的研究价值。深入解析干旱胁迫下高粱的形态和生理特性、鉴定和筛选抗旱品种、挖掘相关抗旱基因,对推动高粱抗旱育种进程、提高品种抗旱性、提高产量具有重要意义。本文从干旱胁迫对高粱生长的影响、高粱对干旱胁迫的生理响应、高粱耐旱性鉴定方法和鉴定指标、高粱抗旱性分子生物学和提高高粱抗旱性方法5个方面对高粱抗旱性研究进展进行综述,并对高粱抗旱性研究方向进行展望,以期为进一步研究高粱抗旱的形态、生理特性及分子机制奠定基础。展开更多
Chiromantes dehaani, as one of the dominant species in intertidal regions of the Yangtze estuary, plays an important role in the ecosystem. To study allometry and maturity in different phases, morphological data had b...Chiromantes dehaani, as one of the dominant species in intertidal regions of the Yangtze estuary, plays an important role in the ecosystem. To study allometry and maturity in different phases, morphological data had been collected from October in 2009 to September in 2010. Morphologic data such as carapace, cheliped and abdomen were processed by cluster and piecewise linear regression analyses. Discriminat function and logistic curves were built to determine different phases and sizes at 50% maturity, respectively. The results showed that the cheliped width in males and abdomen width in females both presented obvious allometry. The sizes of 50% morphometric maturity occurred at 16.36 mm and 18.22 mm carapace width in males and females, respectively. The life history of males could be divided into three phases while that of females only had two phases according to different growth rates. A significant change in allometry of juvenile males with a break point was detected at 11.78 mm carapace width; carapace width of juvenile and adult females overlapped in a range of 13.04 - 18.64 mm. The crabs attained 50% physiological maturity at the size of 17.50 mm and 17.20 mm for females and males, respectively. For male, the size of morphological maturity was larger than that of physiological maturity, which was opposite to that of female.展开更多
文摘Plant development is a process from germination of seed to vegetative growth, flower initiation and development, fertilization and finally to the next generation seed formation. A lot of achievements have been obtained in plant developmental biology in China. Since the 1990's, those young generation scientists returned to China from abroad to use molecular and genetic techniques to study morphological, physiological and biochemical process of plant development. The present paper reviews the progress in some research area of plant developmental biology in the past decades and also prospects the chance and future of plant developmental studies, due to the recent advances of plant genome sequencing and functional genomics in China under the international research background.
文摘Physiological meturity stage,kernel water content in physiological maturity and natural drydown rate of 42 maize inbred lines and 8 hybrids were studied in field test.The results showed that the late and mid late and mid early inbred lines and hybrids tested reached their physiological maturity stage at 50～60 d and 45～50 d after silking,respectively,and at this time the water content of kernel was 28%～42% and 26%～40%,respectively.The drydown rate of the inbred lines and hybrids tested had significant differences and had significant correlation with ear diameter and ear position.The late line Ji16,mid late lines Ji846 and ZaC546,the mid early line Longkang11 and the early line Dong91 were moisture quick-loss inbred lines and cound be used in fast drydown maize hybrid breeding program.
基金Supported by the Special Funds for the Foundation Work of Science and Technology(No.2012FY112700)
文摘The reproductive biology of bream Ahramis brama （L.） was studied from 546 fish collected from the lower reaches of the Irtysh River in Xinjiang, north-west China, from March to November 2013. The overall sex ratio （M/F） was 1.06：1, and was not significantly different from the theoretical 1：1 ratio （P〉0.5）. However, there was a dominance of males during the pre-spawning season （ 1.33 in March and 1.56 in April, P〈0.5）, while females were dominant during the peak spawning season （0.88 in June, P〈0.5）. The monthly variation in gonadosomatic index （GSI） and proportion of gonads at each macroscopic maturity stage, indicated that A. brama spawned once a year with peak spawning occurring from late May to June. The unimodal distribution of oocyte diameter each month indicated that A. brama is a single spawner, with a high degree of spawning synchronicity. The standard lengths （SLs0） and ages （As0） at first maturity for males and females, were 178 and 204 mm, and 5.6 and 6.8 years, respectively. The mean absolute fecundity （AF） was 77 311 eggs per fish, and mean relative fecundity （RF） was 162 eggs per gram of body weight （BW）. The AF ofA. brama increased linearly with increasing of gonad weight （GW）, eviscerated weight （EW） and standard length （SL）, but was not significantly correlated with age. As, A. brama in the lower reaches of the Irtysh River reaches reproductive maturity relatively late in their life span, is mature for a short period and spawns in aggregations, this fish is vulnerable to overexploitation.
文摘Reproductive biology of L. mormyrus was studied using monthly samples totaling 224 fish obtained from AI-Haneah fishing site, eastern Libya Mediterranean Sea. Lengths of the examined fish ranged between 11.5 cm and 23.4 cm. Corresponding weights were 24.5 g and 160.8 g. The minimum values of the condition factors, KF and Kc, were 1.38 and 1.21 at the average fish length of 12.4 cm. These values increased with increases in length until they reached maximum values of 1.59 and 1.41 at the length of 22.1 cm. The high values of KF and Kc, Gonado-Somatic Index and oocyte diameter maintained during May, June, July, and August and the monthly changes in gonadal condition, indicated that summer was the breeding season of L. mormyrus. The oocyte diameter ranged between 379± 25.3 μ and 1,511 ± 143.3μ （n = 76） with an average of 895 ± 111.3 μ. The sex ratio was in favor of females during all months of the study. The overall sex ratio was 1 ： 1.52. Length at first maturity, Ls0, for L. mormyrus was found to be 14.15 cm for males and 14.45 for females. Overall average of absolute fecundity was 4,342±557 egg per fish （n = 45）. The overall average of relative fecundity was 234± 181 egg per cm. Absolute fecundity increased with increasing fish length.
文摘干旱是限制植物生产力和威胁粮食安全的重要因素之一。高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)是全球主粮和饲料作物,因其具有较强的抗旱性和能够在恶劣的环境条件下生存而广泛种植于干旱半干旱地区,在作物抗旱领域中具有重要的研究价值。深入解析干旱胁迫下高粱的形态和生理特性、鉴定和筛选抗旱品种、挖掘相关抗旱基因,对推动高粱抗旱育种进程、提高品种抗旱性、提高产量具有重要意义。本文从干旱胁迫对高粱生长的影响、高粱对干旱胁迫的生理响应、高粱耐旱性鉴定方法和鉴定指标、高粱抗旱性分子生物学和提高高粱抗旱性方法5个方面对高粱抗旱性研究进展进行综述,并对高粱抗旱性研究方向进行展望,以期为进一步研究高粱抗旱的形态、生理特性及分子机制奠定基础。
文摘Chiromantes dehaani, as one of the dominant species in intertidal regions of the Yangtze estuary, plays an important role in the ecosystem. To study allometry and maturity in different phases, morphological data had been collected from October in 2009 to September in 2010. Morphologic data such as carapace, cheliped and abdomen were processed by cluster and piecewise linear regression analyses. Discriminat function and logistic curves were built to determine different phases and sizes at 50% maturity, respectively. The results showed that the cheliped width in males and abdomen width in females both presented obvious allometry. The sizes of 50% morphometric maturity occurred at 16.36 mm and 18.22 mm carapace width in males and females, respectively. The life history of males could be divided into three phases while that of females only had two phases according to different growth rates. A significant change in allometry of juvenile males with a break point was detected at 11.78 mm carapace width; carapace width of juvenile and adult females overlapped in a range of 13.04 - 18.64 mm. The crabs attained 50% physiological maturity at the size of 17.50 mm and 17.20 mm for females and males, respectively. For male, the size of morphological maturity was larger than that of physiological maturity, which was opposite to that of female.
